The effect of co-inventors’ reputation and network ties on the diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge from academia to industry in South Africa

In this paper, it is found that the co-inventors' and coauthors linkages and h-indexes highly enhanced the flows of academic knowledge into industrial patents in South African firms. The findings are based on an in-depth analysis of 1702 patents and 332 science sources that had linkages with patents filed by South African enterprises at the USPTO and elsewhere between 1976 and 2010. The data on co-inventors and co-authors networks/ties as well as their h-indexes can improve prior art searches and the patent examination process. Such ties can boost knowledge diffusion in large R&D and innovation clusters and hubs, globally.     

超滤技术在制药工业中除热原的应用

介绍了热原的本质，它的定量表示及测定方法．随着膜分离技术的快速发展，采用超滤法去除注射药液中的热原已在医药行业实际应用．列举了国外多项应用实例，并介绍了中国科学院上海原子核研究所生产的卷式超滤装置在药液除热原工艺中的使用情况     

Internationalization of industrial research: The pharmaceutical industry; 1965–1979

This study is a count of the publications of a sample of the major pharmaceutical multinational companies. These firms have been divided into three geopolitical groups: Europe, the United States and Japan. Results obtained show that research activities in this industry have been subjected to some changes between 1965 and 1979. Among these changes is the growing importance of fundamental research, the erosion of the leadership of U.S.-based firms and the growing importance of overseas research.     

Grey system theory trends from 1991 to 2018: a bibliometric analysis and visualization

Scientometrics - Grey system theory has rapidly developed in recent years, and it has solved real-world problems in various scientific fields successfully. However, there is a lack of bibliometric...     

The importance of geographical distance to different types of R&D collaboration in the pharmaceutical industry

ABSTRACT

Innovation within companies is generated by a combination of different types of knowledge from external and geographically dispersed sources. Although the geographical dimension of collaboration has previously been investigated, studies have not distinguished between different types of knowledge involved in collaboration. This article analyses how the number of collaborations between pharmaceutical multinational companies (MNCs) and external organizations is affected by geographical distance, distinguishing between four knowledge types: basic science, clinical science, core knowledge, and exploration knowledge. We use co-publications as a proxy for collaborations. Our results show that collaborations in basic science and core knowledge areas are more negatively affected by geographical distance than collaborations within clinical science and exploration knowledge areas. This suggests that the importance of geographic proximity depends on the type of knowledge that is being transferred in R&D collaborations. Our results have implications for companies´ collaboration strategies and their choices for the R&D sites´ location.     

Mapping and clustering analysis on neuroscience literature in Turkey: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2017

Scientometrics - This study is aim to determine significant changes and trends in neuroscience literature concerning Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from 2000 to 2017. This article encourage...     

Patenting,profitability and marketing characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry

The paper contains an analysis of the patenting activity of pharmaceutical companies in the UK, both the global evolution of pharmaceutical patenting during the years 1951 to 1977 and the fate of the patents published between 1951 and 1961. Further is studied: how much companies vary in their patenting policy and whether this is correlated with their profitability, as well as the amount of licensing going on between pharmaceutical companies.     

论企业标准与行业标准的差异

前言随着改革开放的深化,社会主义市场经济体制的完善,为适应加入WTO的机遇与挑战,不论国家或企业都对标准化工作日益重视,标准化工作正以全新的姿态迎接新世纪的挑战。但是,在过去计划经济条件下,各个行业均有相应的部级机构管理,而目前形成的集团公司或企业往往就是由原部属企业重组或转制而成,不论行业或企业,都存在着原部管标准化工作的影响,因此,随着工作的日益深入,对标准化工作的一些模糊认识逐渐显现出来,已在一定程度上阻碍了标准化工作继续深入。企业标准与行业标准(以下分别简称“企标”与“行标”)工作界面不清就是一个较为突…     

The information gap between design engineering and materials supply systems design

This paper focuses on the design of materials supply systems in product development projects. In order to design the materials supply system in parallel with the product, product data must be available to the materials supply systems designers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the information quality of the required product data and to indicate how this information quality can be increased. Empirical data have been gathered through case studies conducted within the manufacturing industry. The empirical data show that it is possible to identify the product data required for materials supply systems design. It is also shown that there is an information gap between design engineering and materials supply systems design. The information quality of the required product data for the materials supply systems design has many imperfections, mainly in terms of accessibility, ease of operation, timeliness, understandability, interpretability, relevancy, and completeness. The information quality can be improved by the use of PDM systems, which are especially useful for facilitating an increase in accessibility, ease of operation, and timeliness.     

WTO与中国信息技术产业

中国加入ＷＴＯ,无论是对中国ＩＴ产业的发展,还是对世界ＩＴ产业的发展,都将产生十分深远的重大影响。中国加入信息技术协议和ＷＴＯ,对于中国ＩＴ产业的发展来说,不仅仅是严峻的挑战,而且也是难得的机遇。ＩＴ产业在国民经济中具有极其重要的地位和作用,并有广阔的发展前景,通过加入信息技术协议和ＷＴＯ,可以充分利用国内外两个市场和两种资源,提高中国ＩＴ产业的技术水平,促进ＩＴ产业的发展,增强ＩＴ产业在世界市场上的竞争力,不仅有利于满足国民经济发展和人民群众对信息技术产品的需求,而且也有利于在世界信息技术产品市场上占有一席…     

基于加权子序列核函数的次范畴论元分析

为提高汉语动词次范畴化框架(SCFs)的分析性能,提出了一种新的次范畴论元分析方法。该方法引入了基于间隙加权子序列的核函数,以传统规则的右部作为分类类别,将规则左部作为问题输入空间,将原本规则推导的问题转化为机器学习问题。由于间隙加权子序列核函数可以考虑跨距离的词之间的依赖关系,加之机器学习方法的引入,使得论元识别精度从55.16%提到了93.43%,并且极大提高了次范畴整句获取精度。     

Isoprene emission from terrestrial ecosystems in response to global change: minding the gap between models and observations

Coupled surface-atmosphere models are being used with increased frequency to make predictions of tropospheric chemistry on a 'future' earth characterized by a warmer climate and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. One of the key inputs to these models is the emission of isoprene from forest ecosystems. Most models in current use rely on a scheme by which global change is coupled to changes in terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) which, in turn, is coupled to changes in the magnitude of isoprene emissions. In this study, we conducted measurements of isoprene emissions at three prominent global change experiments in the United States. Our results showed that growth in an atmosphere of elevated CO2 inhibited the emission of isoprene at levels that completely compensate for possible increases in emission due to increases in aboveground NPP. Exposure to a prolonged drought caused leaves to increase their isoprene emissions despite reductions in photosynthesis, and presumably NPP. Thus, the current generation of models intended to predict the response of isoprene emission to future global change probably contain large errors. A framework is offered as a foundation for constructing new isoprene emission models based on the responses of leaf biochemistry to future climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.     

Scopus scientific mapping production in industry 4.0 (2011–2018): a bibliometric analysis

Research in industry 4.0 is growing, driven by the innovations in production systems on a continuous basis. In this study, we identified the evolution of themes inherent in the industry 4.0 using a bibliometric software, namely SciMAT (Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool). The analyses included 1882 documents, 4231 keywords, and the relevant information was extracted based on frequency of co-occurrence of keywords. The clusters were plotted in two-dimensional strategic diagrams and analysed using the bibliometric indicators such as the number of publications, number of associated documents, and h-index. The results revealed that 2017 had the largest number of publications. Expert authors in the field and the periodicals that published the most were identified. The science mapping presented 31 clusters in which the most representative motor themes were CPS (Cyber-Physical System), IoT (Internet of Things), and Big Data. In addition, it was possible to identify fields with high investment of efforts by the scientific community such as the union between lean production and industry 4.0, production-centered CPS (CPPS), IoT (Industrial Internet of Things - IIoT), among others. The overlapping map showed an increase in the number of keywords from 338 to 1231 over the period of data. The map of scientific developments supported by an exhaustive research, it was possible to show the state of the art, the main challenges and perspectives for future research in the field of industry 4.0 such as Technology, Collaboration/Integration, Management and Implementation.     

2006年中国制冷空调行业发展概况

依据2006年的行业统计数据,对我国工商制冷空调行业部分产品变化情况进行分析,并针对我国制冷空调行业发展现状提出几点建议,为今后企业的规划与发展提供依据.