Rice sequences of relations

We propose a framework to study the computational complexity of definable relations on a structure. Many of the notions we discuss are old, but the viewpoint is new. We believe that all the pieces fit together smoothly under this new point of view. We also survey related results in the area. More concretely, we study the space of sequences of relations over a given structure. On this space, we develop notions of c.e.-ness, reducibility, join and jump. These notions are equivalent to other notions studied in other settings. We explain the equivalences and differences between these notions.     

Materials aging at the mesoscale: Kinetics of thermal,stress, radiation activations

The complexity of materials aging may be seen as a result of the interplay between several activation processes operating on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Though the disciplines involved may seem disparate at first, material aging fundamentally could be linked by the same set of underlying activations and responses of the system. We examine how recent studies of shear-induced deformation and rheological flow initiated in the soft-matter community can be leveraged to probe the mechanisms of radiation damage in nuclear materials. Bridging these two traditionally separate areas of research demonstrates the emerging notions of mesoscale science as a research frontier concerned with linking macroscale behavior to microscale processes in driven systems. We suggest the combining of microstructure-sensitive measurements with fundamental theories and mechanism-specific simulations is essential to addressing metastable materials responses of strongly activated states.     

Theory for classifying equivalences of unified modelling language activity diagrams

Despite the fact that there has been a wide adoption of unified modelling language activity diagrams (UML ADs) for software development, research focusing on the equivalence notions of UML ADs is scarce. To address this area of concern, the author presents a sound theoretical foundation for UML ADs. Through the use of these formal definitions of UML ADs, the author propounds a method which classifies various types of equivalences of UML ADs in a systematic way. The proposed classification, which is the core result of our work, provides a framework that enables the study of the properties and inter-relationships of the equivalences.     

Estimating the regional economic impacts of retiring agricultural land: methodology and an application in California

This report is of a study to assess the efficiency and sustainability impacts of a seed-based technology for pigeonpea in semi-arid central India. The problem of integrating environmental assessment with economic and social impact assessment arises from an artificial separation of the social and natural sciences, and the ‘disciplinization’ of the social sciences. Thus sustainability must be defined in a way that pre-empts the need to integrate results obtained from different approaches. Sustainability assessment then is a dynamic not a static framework. It involves changes in labor requirements, in soil and agro-climatic conditions, and in notions and perceptions of efficiency and profitability with differential social and economic impacts. This approach requires a methodology that uses a combination of techniques — survey research, case study, and rapid/participatory rural appraisals — with the flexibility of adjustment and adaptation during the course of research.     

Studies of the mechanism and kinetics of a porous body densification in intensive electric sintering. Report 1. Laboratory research

The results of the laboratory research on the identification of the consolidation mechanism of a porous body in intensive electric sintering are reported. To analyze the process kinetics, a computerized system of the data acquisition, which allows measurements of voltage, current intensity and shrinkage of samples in a real time scale, has been developed. It has been proved that the basic densification mechanism in the intensive electric sintering compacts of powdered materials in a solid state is the thermoactivated plastic deformation. A procedure for the assessment of the consolidation degree of a powder compact based on a comparison between the experimental data on electroconductivity and the model notions of the mechanics of composites is suggested.     

Metrology in the system of physics disciplines (discussion paper)

Methodological problems of metrology are discussed. Metrology is viewed as an empirical scientific discipline in which the basic notions are determined in an operational manner and ought to be verifiable. Relationship between metrology and theoretical and experimental scientific branches is established. From the aspect of the methodology proposed herein, certain notions of metrology are incorrectly defined and not verifiable. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 3–5, October, 1998.     

Characteristic functions of directed graphs and applications to stochastic equilibrium problems

In this paper we introduce the notions of characteristic and potential functions of directed graphs and study their properties. The main motivation for our research is the stochastic equilibrium traffic assignment problem, in which the drivers choose their routes with some probabilities. Since the number of the strategies in this game is very big, we need to find an efficient way of computation of the expected arc flows in the network. We show that the characteristic functions of the graphs are very useful in this respect. Using this technique we can form and solve numerically the equilibrium traffic assignment problem in a reasonable computational time. As a byproduct of our results we show that the spectral radius of a matrix with non-negative elements admits a convex parameterization as a function of its entries.     

Performing Aboriginality: Desiring Pre-contact Aboriginality in Victoria, 1886–1901

This paper re-investigates notions of performed Aboriginality in relation to photographs made at Lake Tyers Mission Station, Victoria, Australia, and argues that Nicholas Caire's photographs reveal complex Aboriginal subjectivities. The photographs, made originally in 1886 and distributed to tourists, were later reproduced and circulated in book format in 1897. The first presentation of the photographs, whilst focusing on historical Aboriginality, contains traces of cross-cultural hybridity. However, the later presentation of the work reinforces historical and traditional material culture over cross-cultural dialogue. This paper argues that the desire to find historical notions of Aboriginality on mission stations in Victoria was not just due to the establishment of hierarchical racial theories in the latter part of the nineteenth century (generating the idea that Aborigines could not change and adapt to notions of ‘civilisation’) and doubts about the success of mission stations, but also because there was an interest in Aborigines who had experienced little assimilation from more remote parts of the continent of Australia. This curiosity in pre-contact Aboriginality fuelled tourism in Victoria to accessible mission stations such as Lake Tyers.     

Nonparametric statistics of dynamic networks with distinguishable nodes

The study of random graphs and networks had an explosive development in the last couple of decades. Meanwhile, techniques for the statistical analysis of sequences of networks were less developed. In this paper, we focus on networks sequences with a fixed number of labeled nodes and study some statistical problems in a nonparametric framework. We introduce natural notions of center and a depth function for networks that evolve in time. We develop several statistical techniques including testing, supervised and unsupervised classification, and some notions of principal component sets in the space of networks. Some examples and asymptotic results are given, as well as two real data examples.     

Continued Efforts on Nanomaterial‐Environmental Health and Safety Is Critical to Maintain Sustainable Growth of Nanoindustry

Nanotechnology is enjoying an impressive growth and the global nanotechnology industry is expected to exceed US$ 125 billion by 2024. Based on these successes, there are notions that enough is known and efforts on engineered nanomaterial environmental health and safety (nano‐EHS) research should be put on the back burner. However, there are recent events showing that it is not the case. The US Food and Drug Administration found ferumoxytol (carbohydrate‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle) for anemia treatment could induce lethal anaphylactic reactions. The European Union will categorize TiO₂ as a category 2 carcinogen due to its inhalation hazard and France banned use of TiO₂ (E171) in food from January 1, 2020 because of its carcinogenic potential. Although nanoindustry is seemingly in a healthy state, growth could be hindered for the lack of certainty and more nano‐EHS research is needed for the sustainable growth of nanoindustry. Herein, the current knowledge gaps and the way forward are elaborated.     

Modelling global computations with KLAIM

A new area of research, known as Global Computing, is by now well established. It aims at defining new models of computation based on code and data mobility over wide-area networks with highly dynamic topologies, and at providing infrastructures to support coordination and control of components originating from different, possibly untrusted, fault-prone, malicious or selfish sources. In this paper, we present our contribution to the field of Global Computing that is centred on Kernel Language for Agents Interaction and Mobility (Klaim ). Klaim is an experimental language specifically designed to programme distributed systems consisting of several mobile components that interact through multiple distributed tuple spaces. We present some of the key notions of the language and discuss how its formal semantics can be exploited to reason about qualitative and quantitative aspects of the specified systems.     

Contributory group key exchange in the presence of malicious participants

In a group key exchange (GKE) protocol, the resulting group key should be computed by all participants such that none of them can gain any advantage concerning the protocol's output: misbehaving participants might have personal advantage in influencing the value of the group key. In fact, the absence of trust relationship is the main feature of GKE (when compared with group key transport) protocols. The existing notions of security are enlarged by identifying limitations in some previously proposed security models while taking into account different types of corruptions (weak and strong). To illustrate these notions, two efficient and provably secure generic solutions, compilers, are presented.     

材料拓扑空间及其一些性质(英文)

根据灰关系理论和点集拓扑学原理 ,提出了材料拓扑空间概念并论证了它的一些性质     

Feature-based classifiers for design optimization

We present a design optimization method for systems with high-dimensional parameter spaces using inductive decision trees. The essential idea is to map designs into a relatively low-dimensional feature space, and to derive a classifier to search for high-performing design alternatives within this space. Unlike learning classifier systems that were pioneered by Holland and Goldberg, classifiers defined by inductive decision trees were not originally developed for design optimization. In this paper, we explore modifications to such classifiers to make them more effective in the optimization problem. We expand the notions of feature space, generalize the tree construction heuristic beyond the original information-theoretic definitions, increase the reliance on domain expertise, and facilitate the transfer of design knowledge between related systems. There is a relatively small but rapidly growing body of work in the use of inductive trees for engineering design; the method presented herein is complementary to this research effort.     

Pythagorean Neutrosophic Planar Graphs with an Application in Decision-Making

Graph theory has a significant impact and is crucial in the structure of many real-life situations. To simulate uncertainty and ambiguity, many extensions of graph theoretical notions were created. Planar graphs play a vital role in modelling which has the property of non-crossing edges. Although crossing edges benefit, they have some drawbacks, which paved the way for the introduction of planar graphs. The overall purpose of the study is to contribute to the conceptual development of the Pythagorean Neutrosophic graph. The basic methodology of our research is the incorporation of the analogous concepts of planar graphs in the Pythagorean Neutrosophic graphs. The significant finding of our research is the introduction of Pythagorean Neutrosophic Planar graphs, a conceptual blending of Pythagorean Neutrosophic and Planar graphs. The idea of Pythagorean Neutrosophic multigraphs and dual graphs are also introduced to deal with the ambiguous situations. This paper investigates the Pythagorean Neutrosophic planar values, which form the edges of the Pythagorean neutrosophic graphs. The concept of Pythagorean Neutrosophic dual graphs, isomorphism, co-weak and weak isomorphism have also been explored for Pythagorean Neutrosophic planar graphs. A decision-making algorithm was proposed with a numerical illustration by using the Pythagorean Neutrosophic fuzzy graph.     

Inhomogeneous plastic straining of iron based amorphous alloys

Anisotropic plastic straining has been observed in iron based amorphous alloys. This phenomenon is explained proceeding from the notions about internal stresses in amorphous metal ribbons.     

Semiclassical description of high harmonic generation during the above-threshold ionization of atoms

Technical Physics Letters - A simple analytical formula for evaluating the intensity of high-frequency emission from an atom is obtained proceeding from the classical notions about the motion of an...     

Relationship between standard and causal fluid models

Summary Relations between standard three-dimensional fluid mechanics and four-dimensional non-relativistic causal theory of perfect and viscous fluids are studied. Both theories differ in a number of points and these differences are of two levels: conceptual and qualitative. At the same time, the standard theory may be regarded as a limit case of the causal fluid model and this allows one to draw parallels between two sets of notions and ideas. We try to find out the correspondence between such classical notions as time, forces, potential energy, etc. and new ones including events, world-lines, metrics, curvature and so on. The qualitative differences between the two models lead to such side effects as necessity of new formulations for the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. These formulations together with discussion are provided.     

Architectural objects and their design as a subject for semiotic studies

After an exposition of the basic notions of semiology this paper reviews designed objects (here architectural products) in terms of these notions.Attempts have been made to discover by empirical studies what meanings people attach to built forms. The way in which forms are put together by the designer is treated as related to the syntax of language. Here, a number of theoretical studies are discussed. Reference is made to a limited application in practical design.It is argued that the aspects of meaning and syntax cannot be completely separated. Because of this there is a case for examining the semantic dimension in more detail. Further, since some architects have found one or more of the semiotic approaches of value in design generation, there is ground for believing that semiotic approaches have application throughout the whole of designing.     

Energy deposition stochastics and track structure: what about the target?

The broad field of microdosimetry, as reflected in the proceedings of the 13 previous symposia in this series, has been largely concerned with the microscopic stochastics of energy deposition from ionising radiations of different qualities, the ways in which these can be described and the information that they can provide towards mechanistic understanding of the biological effects of radiation and for practical applications. Directions of the research have been strongly influenced by technical developments at particular times, most notably the tissue-equivalent proportional counter and later Monte Carlo track-structure simulation methods. Essential to the research have been evolving notions as to characteristics of the relevant biological targets, and in particular their sizes and structures in relation to the microscopic features of the radiation. Over the decades since the first Symposium on Microdosimetry, in 1967, emphasis has fluctuated from key targets being assumed to be of nanometre dimensions, then up to one micrometer, ten micrometers, and then back again to a few nanometres. Some of these historical threads are traced through the successive symposia, culminating in current emphasis on the predominant importance of clustered damage in DNA, first revealed by track-structure simulations, but tempered by recognition also of the contribution that novel 'non-targeted' effects may play in the overall biological consequences of radiation.