Cooperation and technological areas in the state universities of São Paulo: An analysis from the perspective of the triple helix model

This article analyzes the technological cooperation networks, and their respective areas, of the public universities of the State of São Paulo that resulted in patent. The cooperation networks were built from the assignee data and for the technology areas networks the International Patent Classification. It adopted the metrics of Social Network Analysis to characterize these partnerships and analyze it from the perspective of the Triple Helix. A total of 458 technology partnerships were identified that resulted in patents, 210 at USP, 173 at UNICAMP and 75 at UNESP. The main partners were companies and other universities, follow by research institutes, government support institutions and support foundations had low participation, except for FAPESP and EMBRAPA. Regarding technological areas, technologies with applications in the health sector and chemical were the most representative. It was found that the cooperation is still developed in an incipient way, especially regarding the continuity of technological development. In general, there is the multidisciplinary portfolio of patents from universities, but with strong guidance for the areas of health, indicating the search for expertise in this area of expertise.     

Knowledge Production and Knowledge Flows in the Swedish Biotechnology Innovation System

As a basis for policy decisions, governments are increasingly using analysis of systems of innovation. Fundamental to the systems of innovation approach is the recognition that innovation processes essentially are interactive activities.The present paper illustrates the use and limitations of bibliometries in analysing the knowledge production and knowledge flows in a section of an innovation system focusing on life science subject fields relevant to innovation processes in biotechnology. Bibliometrics can in this context be used to identify the actors in a research intensive innovation system, the scientific profiles of actors as well as identifying networks and collaboration patterns.     

The state of social science research on COVID-19

Research on COVID-19 has proliferated rapidly since the outbreak of the pandemic at the end of 2019. Many articles have aimed to provide insight into this fast-growing theme. The social sciences have also put effort into research on problems related to COVID-19, with numerous documents having been published. Some studies have evaluated the growth of scientific literature on COVID-19 based on scientometric analysis, but most of these analyses focused on medical research while ignoring social science research on COVID-19. This is the first scientometric study of the performance of social science research on COVID-19. It provides insight into the landscape, the research fields, and international collaboration in this domain. Data obtained from SSCI on the Web of Science platform was analyzed using VOSviewer. The overall performance of the documents was described, and then keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship networks were visualized. The six main research fields with highly active topics were confirmed by analysis and visualization. Mental health and psychology were clearly shown to be the focus of most social science research related to COVID-19. The USA made the most contributions, with the most extensive collaborations globally, with Harvard University as the leading institution. Collaborations throughout the world were strongly related to geographical location. Considering the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this scientometric study is significant for identifying the growth of literature in the social sciences and can help researchers within this field gain quantitative insights into the development of research on COVID-19. The results are useful for finding potential collaborators and for identifying the frontier and gaps in social science research on COVID-19 to shape future studies.

     

Analysis of the structure of international scientific cooperation networks through bibliometric indicators

International scientific cooperation of Latin American countries amongst themselves, with the USA and with the European Union in the period 1991–1995 was studied. The analysis deepens in the differences per subject area and the influence of the regional axis involved. Collaboration patterns differ according to the scientific size of the latin American countries, the thematic areas and whether a bilateral collaboration or a participation in a multilateral network takes place. Some special characteristics of multi-regional cooperation networks are presented.     

Socio-economic and political barriers to public participation in EIA: implications for sustainable development in the Maldives

Abstract

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a policy process that can lead to more sustainable development by preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of development projects. Public participation in the EIA process, especially one based on the ideals of deliberative democracy, is essential to deliver on the goal of sustainable development that is arguably the primary objective of EIA. This article specifically focuses on a study of public participation in the EIA process of the Maldives. Using a qualitative research design involving an analysis of documents and interviews, it investigates four aspects of a deliberative participatory process: fairness, competence, willingness and capacity. The analysis suggests that the process for public participation in the Maldives cannot be characterized as fully fair or competent. It further identifies several socio-economic barriers that affect the capacity and willingness of the actors to participate including political influence, lack of human and financial capacity, gender gap, loss of community spirit and lack of environmental and procedural awareness.     

国内外儿童产品设计研究进展: 现状、热点与趋势

国内外儿童产品设计研究经历了长期的体系建设和理论积累，为了更好地促进儿童产品设计的发展，现对其进行较为全面的整理与总结。利用陈超美博士开发的可视化文献分析软件CiteSpace，以CNKI数据库及Web of Science核心合集数据库作为国内外数据检索来源，分析国内外儿童产品设计总体概况、热点主题和研究趋势。国内外儿童产品设计研究文献数量均呈上升趋势，逐步从单一产品扩展到复杂系统。国内研究热点主要关注用户体验、情感化、儿童心理学、交互设计及感性工学，国外则重点关注包容性、无障碍、参与式、游戏化和服务设计。国内研究前沿趋势更多地涉及情感化与医疗健康安全，国外则集中在游戏化、医疗健康、发展障碍和读写能力。未来儿童产品设计在研究内容上应更趋于多元化，并加强跨学科合作，研究对象上更多地聚焦特殊儿童群体，研究方法上需将量化和质性研究结合起来，以完善儿童产品设计的理论知识体系。     

Bibliometric study of family business succession between 1939 and 2017: mapping and analyzing authors’ networks

This study maps and analyzes the scientific research networks of family business succession. We examine coauthors’ activities in terms of not only productivity but also their importance to the coauthorship network. The most influential contributors and universities, as well as their research networks and theoretical underpinnings, are discussed. The review examines 661 articles published by 1105 authors in 224 academic journals indexed in the Social Science Citation Index and Scopus between 1939 and 2017. We used a bibliometric approach based on coauthorship analysis to measure cooperation. The results show that family business succession research is characterized by high fragmentation in the authors’ collaboration in general, but the leading scholars are strongly interconnected. We map and analyze the most influential networks by identifying the most important topics studied, the theoretical and methodological approaches employed, the scope of the research conducted, and where it has been published. Most of the identified networks are in North America and Europe, and most are not theoretically or methodologically specialized.     

Are scientific memes inherited differently from gendered authorship?

This study sought to explore the existing academic literature on female entrepreneurship to assess how this field of research is organized in terms of publications, authors, and periodicals and/or sources. In addition, the research focused on mapping knowledge networks through citation and co-citation analysis and identifying natural clusters of the main keywords used. The study also examined the challenges (i.e., opportunities and difficulties) the literature reveals for the study of female entrepreneurship. That is, the knowledge gained from the bibliometric study (i.e., what has already been researched and the limits of these studies) was used to identify what research opportunities are present in this area. The articles gathered in the search were submitted to a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and TreeCloud software. The results obtained from the analysis of document citations reveal three clusters: (1) entrepreneurial profile, (2) gender identity and theoretical conceptualizations, and (3) the entrepreneurial process context. By studying the articles’ citation profile, this study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of the flow of production and research-related practices in this stimulating area of research, which is still in its infancy phase.     

International research collaboration in Africa: a bibliometric and thematic analysis

It is widely recognised that science in Africa will benefit from international research collaboration (IRC), and therefore studies have been done on IRC in Africa (hereafter: Africa-related IRC research). However, there is no information on the development of Africa-related IRC research, the geographical location of the scientists interested in the topic, the visibility of the literature and the themes researched. This information makes it possible to understand relevant aspects in the context of IRC in Africa, which are useful for identifying IRC strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. It also allows paving the way for future research on this topic. Using discipline–specific terms, bibliometric, and thematic analysis, I collected the literature on Africa-related IRC research indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). The results showed that the number of publications on the topic has increased, few African countries have researched the topic, a third of the publications were written exclusively by African scientists, and the topic has high visibility. The panoply of publications revealed that patterns, driving factors, effects, networks, asymmetries, and policies concerning IRC were the main themes researched.

     

Corruption drives the emergence of civil society

Centralized sanctioning institutions have been shown to emerge naturally through social learning, displace all other forms of punishment and lead to stable cooperation. However, this result provokes a number of questions. If centralized sanctioning is so successful, then why do many highly authoritarian states suffer from low levels of cooperation? Why do states with high levels of public good provision tend to rely more on citizen-driven peer punishment? Here, we consider how corruption influences the evolution of cooperation and punishment. Our model shows that the effectiveness of centralized punishment in promoting cooperation breaks down when some actors in the model are allowed to bribe centralized authorities. Counterintuitively, a weaker centralized authority is actually more effective because it allows peer punishment to restore cooperation in the presence of corruption. Our results provide an evolutionary rationale for why public goods provision rarely flourishes in polities that rely only on strong centralized institutions. Instead, cooperation requires both decentralized and centralized enforcement. These results help to explain why citizen participation is a fundamental necessity for policing the commons.     

Evolution of cooperation on heterogeneous supply networks

Strategies can significantly influence the performances of individual players and groups in supply networks. However, these strategies evolve over time. Thus, it is essential to probe the evolution of strategies in this context. This paper investigates the evolution of cooperation on supply networks focusing on the impacts of network topologies. Due to the difficulty in mapping the topological structures of large-scale supply networks, we introduce a topological model for supply networks. Then repeated prisoner’s dilemma game is played on the resulting networks. The simulation results show that topological structures have close relevance to the cooperation level in the networks. Compared with homogeneous structures, heterogeneous structures are helpful to promote cooperation. In addition, strategy payoff and competition pressure are also involved with the evolution of cooperation. This work may offer a useful insight into understanding complex strategy behaviours in supply networks.     

基于CiteSpace的可持续产品服务系统商业模式研究

目的 对可持续产品服务系统商业模式的相关研究文献进行可视化分析.方法 使用文献计量法,以2000—2019年间Web of Science核心数据库相关论文为数据基础,利用信息可视化软件CiteSpace,对可持续产品服务系统(SPSS)商业模式的主要研究国家和地区、发文作者、合作网络、发文机构、热点关键词等做了综合分析.结论 从2000年到2019年,可持续产品服务系统(SPSS)的研究总体上逐渐增加.SPSS研究群体多集中在西欧国家;研究机构主要集中在高校、研究院所等机构;设计系、商学院、工程管理系、机械系、环境化学研究所等二级研究机构之间的跨学科合作比较常见."共享经济""循环经济""协同消费""数据化"和"价值共创"等是近年来SPSS研究中的高频关键词.在新的研究形势下,SPSS的理论创新研究、评估方法的创新研究和实践路径研究是需要重点关注的方面.     

How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns

As of the middle of April 2020, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 137,000 lives (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Because of its extremely fast spreading, the attention of the global scientific community is now focusing on slowing down, containing and finally stopping the spread of this disease. This requires the concerted action of researchers and practitioners of many related fields, raising, as always in such situations the question, of what kind of research has to be conducted, what are the priorities, how has research to be coordinated and who needs to be involved. In other words, what are the characteristics of the response of the global research community on the challenge? In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. In addition, we provide a preliminary review of the global research effort regarding the defeat of the COVID-19 pandemic. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. In general, countries/regions place emphasis on epidemics in their own region, but Europe and North America are also concerned with outbreaks in other, developed and less developed areas through conducting intensive collaborative research with the core countries/regions of the outbreak, such as in the case of Ebola in Africa. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. Universities contribute slightly less than half to the global research output, and the vast majority of research funding originates from the public sector. Our findings on how academia responds to emergencies could be beneficial to decision-makers in research and health policy in creating and adjusting anti-epidemic/-pandemic strategies.

     

基于知识图谱的国内外城市品牌研究可视化分析

目的 利用科学知识图谱,对国内外文献进行分析对比,以客观数据和直观图谱分析为依据,对当前城市品牌的热点问题和发展趋势进行分析和总结。方法 运用可视化文献分析软件Cite Space 6.2R1,以中国知网数据库中的北大核心、CSSCI、SCI期刊文献和Web of Science核心集合数据库中收录的城市品牌相关文献为数据来源,对国内外城市品牌的发文量、作者及研究机构合作分布、相关研究热点、研究领域发展趋势等方面问题绘制科学知识图谱,并进行可视化分析。结论 国外城市品牌发文量呈现出波动上升态势;作者及研究机构合作密切,形成明显合作团队;city、impact、model为研究热点;reputation、engagement、mediating role、perceived value、experiences是较具影响的研究前沿领域;整体研究聚焦于城市品牌与外界因素的相互作用,如何通过品牌的塑造和传播提高城市在公众心中的地位,以及如何增加人们与城市品牌的互动和参与;研究趋势从理论研究到实践应用、从单一视角到多维度、从系统化到参与式研究。国内城市品牌发文量低于国外,整体发文量呈现出波动缓慢上升态势;作者及研究机构合作不密切,没有形成成熟的合作团队;城市品牌、城市营销、城市形象、品牌为研究热点;城市形象、城市发展、品牌形象是较具影响力的研究前沿领域;整体研究侧重于城市品牌本身,如何借助城市品牌推动城市形象的提升;研究趋势由自发到自觉、由个案到普遍、由地方探索到统筹推进。     

Trend and efficiency analysis of co-authorship network

Although co-authorship in scientific research has a long history the analysis of co-authorship network to explore scientific collaboration among authors is a relatively new research area. Studies of current literature about co-authorship networks mostly give emphasis to understand patterns of scientific collaborations, to capture collaborative statistics, and to propose valid and reliable measures for identifying prominent author(s). However, there is no such study in the literature which conducts a longitudinal analysis of co-authorship networks. Using a dataset that spans over 20 years, this paper attempts to explore efficiency and trend of co-authorship networks. Two scientists are considered connected if they have co-authored a paper, and these types of connections between two scientists eventually constitute co-authorship networks. Co-authorship networks evolve among researchers over time in specific research domains as well as in interdisciplinary research areas. Scientists from diverse research areas and different geographical locations may participate in one specific co-authorship network whereas an individual scientist may belong to different co-authorship networks. In this paper, we study a longitudinal co-authorship network of a specific scientific research area. By applying approaches to analyze longitudinal network data, in addition to known methods and measures of current co-authorship literature, we explore a co-authorship network of a relatively young and emerging research discipline to understand its trend of evolution pattern and proximity of efficiency.     

基于公共卫生危机的服务创新设计

基于突发公共卫生危机的社会背景,以问题为导向,分析设计在社会各项因素影响下所建立的系统解决方案。通过服务设计的理论方法和案例分析法,对智慧医疗设计、医疗信息可视化设计、协作式社区设计三个方面进行研究,阐释对由新型冠状病毒肺炎引发的公共卫生危机的应对路径。设计作为价值创造和意义建构的方法论,应该充分介入到社会创新的探索中,以促进资源合理、有效的流通。运用设计的思维方式和组织逻辑,从关注个体的生理和情感需求,到推动社会可持续运作与发展,从而建立一个有序的系统。     

Controversial science-based technology public attitude formation and regulation in comparative perspective: The state construction of policy alternatives in Asia

Past studies of the success of regulation and other forms of state and private sector activity in areas of new technologies have argued these are dependent on a number of factors, one of which is the reaction of public opinion to the innovation concerned. Most existing theories of public acceptance of controversial science-based products are based largely on European and North American case studies and are divided between those which focus on public and consumer knowledge of the science involved – the ‘deficit model’ - and those which stress either the need for trust in regulatory and private sector actors involved in new product development and regulation, or the significance of individual cultural norms on attitude formation. This paper examines two cases of the introduction of controversial science in Asia - wastewater recycling in Singapore and nanotechnology regulation in China in order to assess the influence of these factors in each case. Based on this comparative research, it is argued that models of public acceptance of controversial science-based products must also take into account the state’s ability to define the range of public debate as a key overall parameter of public attitude formation.     

基于知识图谱的我国智慧公共文化服务研究现状、热点及趋势分析

目的 系统呈现并分析我国近10年来智慧公共文化服务研究进展。方法 以中国知网(CNKI)全文数据库收录的2011—2021年度智慧公共文化服务研究文献为数据来源,采用文献计量方法,运用Citespace软件对智慧公共文化服务研究文献进行计量分析与可视化呈现。结果 结合文献综述分析发文特点及时间分布、合作网络、研究热点和知识演进脉络。结论 对发文量进行函数拟合,预测得到智慧公共文化服务领域论文数量在未来一段时间范围内将不断增多;智慧图书馆领域学者们合作意识较强,但整体来看,智慧公共文化服务领域研究学者和研究机构仍需加强交流合作;该领域的研究热点内容可归类为三个方向:智慧化技术、公共文化基础设施、智慧公共文化服务发展路径;依据该领域的知识演进脉络“多元化—数字技术及文化载体—用户主体—细分人群”提出相关研究趋势展望。     

EU27 and USA leadership in fruit and vegetable research: a bibliometric study from 2000 to 2009

We performed an analysis of published literature related to fruit and vegetable and indexed in the Web of Science^®, covering the period 2000–2009. The EU27 and the USA are the two leading actors in terms of number of fruit and vegetable articles published. This paper compares their publication outputs using bibliometric methods. We assessed the fruit and vegetable species, topics (from Web of Science^® categories), countries and institutions involved. The top species, topics and institutions are ranked according to their number of publications. Collaboration networks between countries were mapped to visualize the intensity of the relationships involved in international fruit and vegetable research and to obtain an overall picture of the fruit and vegetable research landscape. These results can be useful for policy makers.     

Towards a conceptual model of procedural knowledge degradation

Research has derived a dynamic range of theories associated with the acquisition of knowledge. In contrast, the current research seeks mechanisms by which acquired knowledge degrades, as well as mechanisms that could be computationally modelled. For procedural tasks, such as product assembly or supervisory control, variables including interference can inhibit the ability to retrieve procedural knowledge in different ways than the retrieval of declarative knowledge like phone numbers. High consequence tasks, such as air traffic control or maintenance on nuclear weapons, require proficiency to be maintained. Thus, an understanding of mechanisms that might complicate effective performance could improve approaches to job design. To explore theoretical underpinnings for procedural knowledge degradation, three areas of literature were explored. The areas included theoretical, computational, and ecological research. The literature serves as input for a conceptual model of procedural knowledge degradation.