价格着色Petri网在工作流建模中的应用

在着色网的基础上扩展了价格信息,提出了价格着色网,用来对业务流程进行价格建模并对其作相应的成本预算分析.其中讨论了价格着色网的变迁步规则,提出了价格着色网中的标识--经济标识的定义,并有针对性地提出了最小成本构造算法.最后以一个业务流程实例演示了该模型的应用,得出结论为价格着色网能够较好地解决业务流程建模中的成本预算分析问题而且该模型中的最小成本构造算法是有效的.     

UML模型到面向对象Petri网模型的映射

文章通过分析UML模型和面向对象Petri网各自的特点,提出了UML模型到面向对象Petri网模型的映射规则,从而实现了利用UML模型有效描述系统,利用面向对象Petri网模型模拟仿真系统的有效结合,实现了两者的优势互补.     

An Application of Independent, Increasing, Free-Choice Petri Nets to the Synthesis of Policies that Enforce Liveness in Arbitrary Petri Nets

The class of Independent, Increasing, Free-Choice Petri nets (II-FCPNs) was introduced in (Sreenivas, 1997c), where it is shown that any II-FCPN can be made live via supervision using a readily available policy. In a live Petri net (PN). Petri Net Theory and Modeling of systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Reisig (1985). Petri Nets. Springer, Berlin), it is possible to fire any transition from every reachable marking, although not necessarily immediately. In this paper we identify a class of PNs, where every transition is controllable, that are not necessarily II-FCPNs, that can be made live via supervision using a readily available policy constructed from the policy that enforces liveness in an II-FCPN.     

Modelling of cognitive activity during normal and abnormal situations using Object Petri Nets, application to a supervision system

This article presents a method for the modelling of cognitive activity using Object Petri Nets. The method includes the recognition of the various classes of situation (normal and abnormal) which human operators are likely to meet whilst performing their tasks. Each of these classes is described according to the characteristics of the state of the system. We will present the various mental representations used during the control/command activity according to the main aims set by the operator. The examples given come from a project dealing with the integration of a a supervision system in a railway traffic regulation room.     

VPML过程模型到面向对象Petri网模型的映射

为了支持对企业业务流程进行建模和分析,辅助过程改进,文章提出了用VPML语言建立过程模型.然后将该过程模型映射为面向对象Petri网模型,通过对Petri网模型的定性分析和模拟仿真,其结果可用于修正和改进模型设计.     

Modelling forced migration: A framework for conflict-induced forced migration modelling according to an agent-based approach

The challenge posed by the management of sudden migration of large groups of people lies in the ability to portray and predict the scale and dynamics of such movement accurately. This is further complicated by the fact that associated data pertaining to such migration are largely incomplete or untrustworthy. In view of the shortcomings in respect of modelling instances of conflict and the lack of data related to the associated movement patterns of forcibly displaced individuals, a generic framework is proposed for aiding in the design of agent-based models for simulating conflict instances along with the localised decision-making processes underlying the movement of refugees, undocumented migrants and internally displaced persons fleeing conflict-affected areas. A concept demonstrator is developed based on the framework in an attempt to demonstrate the usefulness and practicability of the framework in the context of conflict-induced forced migration in Syria. The value of such a model lies in the fact that it produces as output the corresponding emergent large-scale migration patterns which may assist in understanding the movement patterns of forcibly displaced people and predicting anticipated destinations of these individuals, and serve as a decision support tool for humanitarian relief.     

Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Distributed Systems: An Approach by Partially Stochastic Petri Nets

We address the problem of alarm correlation in large distributed systems. The key idea is to make use of the concurrence of events in order to separate and simplify the state estimation in a faulty system. Petri nets and their causality semantics are used to model concurrency. Special partially stochastic Petri nets are developed, that establish some kind of equivalence between concurrence and independence. The diagnosis problem is defined as the computation of the most likely history of the net given a sequence of observed alarms. Solutions are provided in four contexts, with a gradual complexity on the structure of observations.     

A declarative two-level framework to specify and verify workflow and authorization policies in service-oriented architectures

The specification of distributed service-oriented applications spans several levels of abstraction, e.g., the protocol for exchanging messages, the set of interface functionalities, the types of the manipulated data, the workflow, the access policy, etc. Many (even executable) specification languages are available to describe each level in separation. However, these levels may interact in subtle ways (for example, the control flow may depend on the values of some data variables) so that a precise abstraction of the application amounts to more than the sum of its per level components. This problem is even more acute in the design phase when automated analysis techniques may greatly help the difficult task of building “correct” applications faced by designers. To alleviate this kind of problems, this paper introduces a framework for the formal specification and automated analysis of distributed service-oriented applications in two levels: one for the workflow and one for the authorization policies. The former allows one to precisely describe the control and data parts of an application with their mutual dependencies. The latter focuses on the specification of the criteria for granting or denying third-party applications the possibility to access shared resources or to execute certain interface functionalities. These levels can be seen as abstractions of one or of several levels of specification mentioned above. The novelty of our proposal is the possibility to unambiguously specify the—often subtle—interplay between the workflow and policy levels uniformly in the same framework. Additionally, our framework allows us to define and investigate verification problems for service-oriented applications (such as executability and invariant checking) and give sufficient conditions for their decidability. These results are non-trivial because their scope of applicability goes well beyond the case of finite state spaces allowing for applications manipulating variables ranging over infinite domains. As proof of concept, we show the suitability and flexibility of our approach on two quite different examples inspired by industrial case studies.     

An Intelligent Transportation System to control air pollution and road traffic in cities integrating CEP and Colored Petri Nets

Neural Computing and Applications - Air pollution generated by road traffic in large cities is a great concern in today’s society since pollution has an important impact on human health, even...     

An urban data framework for assessing equity in cities: Comparing accessibility to healthcare facilities in Cascadia

As cities continue to grow worldwide, policymakers and urban planners face the dual task of meeting rising demand for essential services while ensuring that benefits accrue to their citizens equitably. We propose a framework for assessing inclusivity and equity in cities, which leverages open data and machine learning techniques to inform urban infrastructure investment strategies. The framework is applied at a regional scale to compare differential access to healthcare facilities (public hospitals and clinics) via public transit in Vancouver, Seattle and Portland. We find important distributional impacts on vulnerable populations across the three cities. Portland displays the highest inequity in hospital and clinic access, and Vancouver the least, owing to Vancouver's relatively compact geographic area and high population density. For seniors, over 75% are socially excluded from hospitals and over 50% from clinics in Portland, compared to 30% and 3% respectively in Vancouver. In all three cities, significantly more residents of low-income neighborhoods are excluded from healthcare compared to their counterparts in high-income neighborhoods. This translates into proportionally higher transportation costs for low-income area residents compared with high-income area residents, regardless of whether they are socially excluded or not. Transportation costs are notably high for low-income seniors in Seattle and Vancouver. These findings pose a challenge for inclusive planning, since low-income and senior populations may require specialized services and are more reliant on public transportation than the average population. Our evaluation framework provides a systematic approach for municipalities to account for the distributional effects of transportation and service infrastructure planning, to integrate equity into their decision-making, and to learn from the successes and pitfalls of each other's urban policies.     

Towards a framework to select techniques for error prediction: Supporting novice users in the healthcare sector

Whilst healthcare has increased its awareness of the retrospective safety assessment techniques, such as root cause analysis, adoption of the corresponding predictive safety assessment techniques has been slow and sporadic. Reasons for this may include lack of support in technique choice and practical knowledge in the published literature. Whilst there have been many publications on these techniques, few have aimed to support the novice user in selecting a technique from the broad array of choice to facilitate targeting of education in techniques for specific purposes.This paper aims to address this through collecting an evidence base towards developing a bottom-up (resources and constraints) and top-down (requirements) approach to technique selection.Conclusions indicate there is a lack of practical experiences described in the literature to conclusively define a technique for selection and a need for a dedicated research in this area to make it accessible for healthcare and other novice users.     

A framework to integrate design knowledge reuse and requirements management in engineering design

This paper presents a framework to integrate requirements management and design knowledge reuse. The research approach begins with a literature review in design reuse and requirements management to identify appropriate methods within each domain. A framework is proposed based on the identified requirements. The framework is then demonstrated using a case study example: vacuum pump design. Requirements are presented as a component of the integrated design knowledge framework. The proposed framework enables the application of requirements management as a dynamic process, including capture, analysis and recording of requirements. It takes account of the evolving requirements and the dynamic nature of the interaction between requirements and product structure through the various stages of product development.     

基于SA-CMM的邮政企业软件采购管理研究与应用

从采购方的角度出发,结合软件采购能力成熟度模型（Sotftware Acquisition Capability Maturity Model）,研究了邮政企业软件外包采购过程。在分析邮政企业软件外包采购过程特点和存在问题的基础上进行差距分析,并从过程体系规范、需求开发与管理、项目管理和配置管理等4个方面提出了改进办法。经初步验证后,取得较好效果。     

A fuzzy framework to evaluate service quality in the healthcare industry: An empirical case of public hospital service evaluation in Sicily

A novel fuzzy evaluation framework is applied in this study to evaluate service quality in the public healthcare sector. In particular, the proposed framework is based on the ServQual disconfirmation paradigm and incorporates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to elicit reliable estimations of service quality expectations. Moreover, degrees of uncertainty, subjectivity and vagueness on the part of stakeholders are addressed via linguistic evaluation scales parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. With reference to nine relevant public hospitals in the Sicilian Region (Italy), a detailed case study evaluating four core service criteria and 15 fundamental service items is conducted so as to discern dissatisfying aspects regarding the public healthcare service in the Region. Dissatisfaction reasons with the provided service are identified in the analysis as well, further demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.