QoS4IVSaaS: a QoS management framework for intelligent video surveillance as a service

Quality of service (QoS) is critical for real-time intelligent video surveillance as a service (IVSaaS) platform, which is both computation intensive and data intensive by nature. However, there is scarce work on a QoS framework for IVSaaS platform. In this paper, we propose QoS for intelligent video surveillance as a service, a QoS framework to make computing resources highly available. In the framework, multiple metrics such as throughput, loads of CPU/GPU, memory and IO are taken into account with different time series models to enhance the adaptivity of different video services. A model selection algorithm is proposed to choose the model that achieves the best performance under various error indicators. At the same time, a resource abnormality detection algorithm is designed to detect anomalies when a service is underperformed. Evaluation results show that the proposed QoS framework can successfully ensure QoS by dynamically scheduling computing resources.     

基于QoS量化用户体验质量的评价模型

针对网络环境中业务供应商提供的业务不能很好的满足用户需求的问题,引入用户体验质量（QoE）并结合服务质量（QoS）参数,通过仿真网络得到相应数据,使用matlab工具分别建立用户体验质量与比特率、用户体验质量与丢包率的评价模型.运用统计分析方法对评价模型进行数据分析,并与史蒂文斯幂定律、韦伯-费希纳定律等模型进行对比验证.结果表明,构建的评价模型能更精确的体现用户体验质量与服务质量的关系,为供应商提供了重要的参考依据,并指明了服务方向.     

QoE assessment model for multimedia streaming services using QoS parameters

This paper proposes a video QoE (Quality of Experience) assessment model which can assess video quality of experience with only QoS (Quality of Service) parameters and their relative importance at network layer. Since network or service providers can forecast whether to provide multimedia services above a certain level of service quality using the proposed model, they can offer and maintain optimum network environment for multimedia service such as IPTV. Through an experiment of video quality comparison we show that our QoS/QoE correlation model is closely related with video quality degradation patterns to network environmental change.     

QoE management for video conferencing applications

We introduce a framework for managing the QoE of videos coded with the H.264 codec and transmitted by video conferencing applications through limited bandwidth networks. We focus our study on the medium-motion videos with QCIF, CIF, and VGA resolutions, the most pervasive video formats used by video conferencing applications across the Internet and cellular telephony systems. Using subjective tests for measuring the level of video quality perceived by end users, we expose the relation between the main influential video parameters and the quality experienced by end users. Furthermore, after investigating the effect of different frame rates and compression levels on video streaming bit rate, and consequently on QoE, we propose a QoE control mechanism for limited-bandwidth situations. A congestion control technique is also introduced in this paper and used in simulations for verifying the efficiency of the proposed QoE management algorithm and to implement this algorithm for practical applications.     

Analysis of Skype VoIP traffic in UMTS: End-to-end QoS and QoE measurements

In the future Internet, multi-network services will follow a new paradigm in which the intelligence of the network control is gradually moved to the edge of the network. This impacts both the objective Quality of Service (QoS) of the end-to-end connection as well as the subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) as perceived by the end user. Skype already offers such a multi-network Voice-over-IP (VoIP) telephony service today. Due to its ease of use and a high sound quality, it becomes increasingly popular in the wired Internet.UMTS operators promise to offer large data rates which should suffice to support VoIP calls in a mobile environment. However, the success of those applications strongly depends on the corresponding QoE. In this work, we analyze the theoretically achievable as well as the actually achieved quality of IP-based voice calls using Skype. This is done performing measurements in both a real UMTS network and a testbed environment. The latter is used to emulate rate control mechanisms and changing system conditions of UMTS networks. The results show in how far Skype over UMTS is able to keep pace with existing mobile telephony systems and how it reacts to different network characteristics. The investigated performance measures comprise the QoE in terms of the MOS value and the QoS in terms of network-based factors like throughput, packet interarrival times, or packet loss.     

A flexible communications protocol for a distributed surveillance system

On-line surveillance for safety and security is a major requirement of public transport and other public places to address the modern demands of mobility in major urban areas and to effect improvements in quality of life and environment protection. The surveillance task is a complex one involving technology, management procedures and people. Visual surveillance based on Closed Circuit Television system is an important part of such systems, but visual processing is not sufficient and the geographical distribution of devices and management has to be taken into account. In this paper we present a surveillance architecture that reflects the distributed nature of the monitoring task and allows for distributed detection processes, not only dealing with visual processing but also with devices such as acoustic signature detection and mobile smart cards, actuators and a range of other possible sensors. The design uses ideas from control engineering and distributed communications networks resulting in a communications architecture based on CORBA and XML messaging. We have shown how to define a generic device/sensor model appropriate for the surveillance task and sufficiently flexible so as to allow for scalability, expansion and customisation of a practical surveillance task. The paper gives sufficient details on the protocols to show how intelligent detection modules can be integrated as part of this kind of system. The system components have been implemented and integrated in two major successful trials in metropolitan railway stations in London and in Paris, as part of a major EU-funded project (PRISMATICA).     

Frame rate computing and aggregation measurement toward QoS/QoE in Video-SAR systems for UAV-borne real-time remote sensing

The Journal of Supercomputing - This research aims to introduce some new findings toward multimedia and communication aspects of Video-SAR imaging systems. The first suggestion is a modified frame...     

On the global index of the communication quality for QoS, QoE, and SLA: New challenges

A global index of communication quality is considered as a linear discriminant function developed previously for channel-switching systems. This index is proposed for use in packet-switched systems. We formulate three problems of the E-model modification used for assessing the quality of Internet telephone and video telephone communication.     

Parallel communications for ATM network control and management

This paper describes an end-to-end parallel communications scheme based on a vector routing algorithm (VRA) for ATM network control and management. An information string is partitioned into m parts, which are then coded into k > m parts and sent out on k separate subchannels to the receiver. When m of the k parts are received correctly, the original information can be reconstructed. Two desirable effects are achieved in the context of ATM traffic control: (1) the burstiness of the source traffic can be smoothed out by the partition process; (2) the quality of service in terms of error, loss and delay can be controlled using the number of redundant routes k — m as a control parameter. Our results show that VRA is especially suitable for services with highly bursty traffic. We argue that several network management issues, including reliability, evolution and integration, security, and administration and billing can be addressed in a simple manner using the VRA framework.     

QoS管理及其下一代网络协议对它的支持

随着多媒体应用领域的拓展和网上通信的日益增多,各种应用要求有更高的网络服务质量(QoS),因此需要对QoS进行深入的研究。在阐述QoS基本概念的基础上,具体分析了QoS管理的关键环节,并探讨了下一代网络协议IPv6对QoS的支持。     

Performance Evaluation of a Markovian Policy for Macro/Femto User Allocation Considering Aspects of QoS,QoE and Energy Efficiency

The advancement of wireless networks offers mobile users a diversity connectivity options, but the choice of the best connection should consider classics QoS aspects and, with increasing multimedia applications, should also consider QoE metrics. Another important parameter to choose the best connection is the energy efficiency by reducing the battery consumption of the devices and reducing CO2 emissions （green network）. This paper validates a Markovian policy for distribution of user load balancing in femtocell/macrocell networks considering QoS/QoE and energy consumption providing quality for multimedia applications. The results obtained by simulation proved the benefits.     

QoS management middleware solutions for Bluetooth audio distribution

A primary challenge in the mobile Internet scenario is the dynamic differentiation of provided levels of Quality of Service (QoS) depending on client characteristics and current resource availability. In this context, the paper presents how the application-level ubiQoS middleware supports the provisioning of audio applications with different QoS levels over the last Bluetooth segment to wireless devices. To this purpose, ubiQoS dynamically deploys mobile proxies, acting as masters in Bluetooth piconets, to properly configure and manage Bluetooth connections at runtime. Audio applications working on top of ubiQoS can easily exploit differentiated QoS by simply specifying different user classes and terminal profiles. ubiQoS proxies exploit JSR82ext, a newly developed Java library that extends the JSR82 specification for Java-based Bluetooth communication facilities with richer QoS management functions for all types of Bluetooth connections. The reported experimental results show that our Java-based implementation can dynamically support differentiated QoS levels for audio traffic, with an efficient usage of the available Bluetooth bandwidth.     

Connection management for QoS service on the Web

The current Web service model treats all requests equivalently, both while being processed by servers and while being transmitted over the network. For some uses, such as multiple priority schemes, different levels of service are desirable. We propose application-level TCP connection management mechanisms for Web servers to provide two different levels of Web service, high and low service, by setting different time-outs for inactive TCP connections. We evaluated the performance of the mechanism under heavy and light loading conditions on the Web server. Our experiments show that, though heavy traffic saturates the network, high level class performance is improved by as much as 25–28%. Therefore, this mechanism can effectively provide QoS guaranteed services even in the absence of operating system and network support.     

无线社会网路由缓存管理和服务质量的研究

提出一种针对缓存容量受限的容迟移动网络的多复制路由和缓存管理的方法。该方法能充分利用有限的网络资源,实现更高的传送成功率,降低平均发送延迟,同时实现不同重要性报文的服务质量分级。     

A service accountability framework for QoS service management and engineering

Service science, management and engineering (SSME) research is to study the methodology and technology for service innovation, design, development and delivery. Since service industry is very quality-sensitive and trust-dependent, we propose a service accountability management framework to detect, diagnose, defuse and disclose the root cause for any problematic service process. The accountability support is important for SSME since service processes often rely on external service providers to deliver part of the service functionalities. A service system must have effective yet efficient mechanisms to ensure that every external service is delivering a consistent and acceptable level of performance to meet the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) of the whole service process. In this paper, we present the accountability framework, identify the components in an accountable service architecture, and design an accountability diagnosis methodology. We also briefly present the inteLLigent Accountability Management Architecture (LLAMA) project which implements the accountability service bus (ASB), an agent-based middleware to support the monitoring, diagnosis, and reconfiguration of e-services. LLAMA ASB interacts with accountability agents to monitor services and the Accountability Authority to automatically diagnose faulty situations. The LLAMA technology is useful to ensure the QoS in SSME-based systems.