Drug metabolism biosensors: electrochemical reactivities of cytochrome P450cam immobilised in synthetic vesicular systems

Biosensors containing cytochrome P450cam in a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide vesicular system were prepared by cross-linking onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with glutaraldehyde in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Cyclic voltammetric responses of the sensor in air-free buffer solution showed that the sensor exhibited reversible electrochemistry due to direct electron exchange between the haem Fe(3+/2+) redox system and the GCE surface. In air-saturated solution containing camphor, the biosensor gave an irreversible electrocatalytic current which is compatible with the monooxygenation of the substrate. Steady state amperometric experiments with camphor, adamantanone and fenchone were performed with a biosensor prepared by cross-linking P450cam with glutaraldehyde onto a Pt disc electrode. The sensor was characterised by fast amperometric responses, attaining steady-state in about 20 s in a cobalt sepulchrate mediated electrochemical system. The kinetic parameters of the biosensor were analysed using the electrochemical Michaelis Menten equation. The estimated apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, values for the biosensors were in the range of 1.41-3.9 mM.     

新型便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器及其应用研究

针对我国成熟且商业化的便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器缺乏,且现有便携设备光谱稳定性和抗干扰性能差的现状,提出并成功开发了一种新型小型化、集成化的便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器。采用该仪器成功实现了对24种金属矿石的准确分类和微合金钢样品中Cr、Ni、Si、Cu、Ti、V元素的精准定量分析,其对24种金属矿石的平均分类准确率达到了95.83%,微合金钢中各元素定量分析模型的决定系数R²分别达到了0.993、0.984、0.996、0.990、0.980、0.999,检出限(LOD,质量分数)分别达到了0.035 5%、0.058 7%、0.077 3%、0.012 0%、0.008 5%和0.008 2%,交叉验证的平均相对误差(ARECV)分别达到了5.20%、11.30%、18.18%、9.63%、9.73%、9.17%。结果表明,所开发仪器具备良好的定性、定量分析性能,其为便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器的国产化提供了新的解决方案。     

新型便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器及其应用研究

针对我国成熟且商业化的便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器缺乏,且现有便携设备光谱稳定性和抗干扰性能差的现状,提出并成功开发了一种新型小型化、集成化的便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器。采用该仪器成功实现了对24种金属矿石的准确分类和微合金钢样品中Cr、Ni、Si、Cu、Ti、V元素的精准定量分析,其对24种金属矿石的平均分类准确率达到了95.83%,微合金钢中各元素定量分析模型的决定系数R²分别达到了0.993、0.984、0.996、0.990、0.980、0.999,检出限(LOD,质量分数)分别达到了0.0355%、0.0587%、0.0773%、0.0120%、0.0085%和0.0082%,交叉验证的平均相对误差(ARECV)分别达到了5.20%、11.30%、18.18%、9.63%、9.73%、9.17%。结果表明,所开发仪器具备良好的定性、定量分析性能,其为便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪器的国产化提供了新的解决方案。     

一种新型静止无功补偿装置控制系统及其应用

提出一种基于Simadyn-D控制器的全数字静止无功补偿装置(SVC)控制系统。在该控制系统中实施了基于瞬时无功理论的瞬时功率和瞬时电流的检测算法以及一种开闭环相结合的复合控制策略。该SVC控制系统已经在首钢等多项SVC工程中得到了成功的应用。     

Experiments on new synthetic and non-absorbable surgical threads

The aim of this work was a complex evaluation of synthetic non-absorbable surgical threads of the latest, so called 3rd generation: Novafil, Monolene and Fore-Tex. Biological tests in vivo were carried on 90 white rats of the Wistar tribe. The animals were divided into three experimental groups depending on the kind of the implanted surgical thread. Moreover, taking into account the place of implantation of the tested threads, each group was divided into two sub-groups containing 15 rats each. Operations were carried on in the conditions of surgical aseptics implanting the tested threads into the striated muscles of the back and into the liver in order to make macroscopic and microscopic tests of tissue reaction and also into the peritoneal cavity in order to carry out resistance tests after a different time of the threads stay in the tissues. The animals' sections were carried out 7, 14, 21, 90 and 180 days after the implantation of the above mentioned threads. On the basis of many year's experience of The Institute of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterial Research and review of 52 works of specialistic literature I have chosen the following additional criteria of evaluation: tests of stability of surgical knot, tests of resistance in the knot to break, tests of surgical convenience including easiness of carriage of the tested threads through the tissues, flexibility, absorbability, possibility of coiling of a loose segment of threads, electrifying and the security of the knot. Tissue reaction was based on macroscopic and microscopic tests. In macroscopic tests we paid attention to the course of healing of the threads in transversostrated muscles and in liver tissue paying attention to the behaviour of the organs of o the abdominal cavity during the section. Characteristic pictures are documented by photographs. Microscopic tests consisted on making histological samples of the threads together with the surrounding tissues. Microscopic evaluation was carried on 1080 samples using punctual of tissue reaction. The used punctual system for describing tissue reaction after implantation of non-absorbable surgical threads includes the number and degree of condensation of cells in the vicinity of the implanted thread, the width of the sphere of the inflammatory reaction and the histological analysis of the cells type. The used punctual evaluation enables objective evaluation of the tested histological samples. Variously evaluated threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex are characterised by large resistance, very good surgical convenience and minimal tissue reaction. On the basis on the carried out laboratory tests and tests on animals the following conclusions were made: 1. Non-absorbable surgical threads Novafil, Monolene, Gore-Tex do not make organism changes and heal with minimal tissue reaction what proves their high biocompatibility. 2. The used punctual evaluation of the tissues reaction after implantation of non-absorbable surgical threads allows complex and objective classification of the degree of tissues reaction. 3. Monofibrous surgical threads Novafil and Monolene do not lose resistance to break in the knot. 4. Surgical threads Novafil and Monolene are characterized by very good security of the knot while threads Gore-Tex have large flexibility and small coefficient of friction, which is the cause of weak security of the knot in case of fastening under tension. 5. Tissues reaction after implantation of synthetic non-absorbable surgical threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex is smaller in comparison with the tissues reaction which were caused by non-absorbable surgical threads tested in the former years. 6. In comparison with the non-absorbable surgical threads tested in the former years, very good surgical convenience, lack of loss of resistance to break in the knot and minimal tissues reaction give the basis to classify threads Novafil, Monolene and Gore-Tex to improved non-absorbable surgical threads of the new generation     

黄金矿山尾矿综合利用技术研究与应用新进展

在黄金矿产资源开发中,由于金矿石的品位较低,经选矿生产工艺会比其他金属矿石产生更多的尾矿。如果大量黄金尾矿的堆放不及时处理,不仅会造成尾矿中有价金属二次资源的浪费,同时占用土地,污染周围环境,也会影响周围居民的生活。文中综述了国内外黄金矿山尾矿综合利用技术研究与应用的新进展。     

The lateral septal nucleus: its morphological and functional organization and its role in the formation of chronorhythms

The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is the largest septal nucleus and occupies one of the most strategically important positions in the forebrain, connecting the structures of the limbic system with different sites of the brain stem. Such a situation obliges LSN not only to participate in the regulation, but also to implement overall coordination and modulation of various visceral and somatic functions. The review deals with the general characteristic of the septal complex, the functional morphology, pre- and postnatal ontogenesis, afferent and efferent connections, mediator and modulator nature of LSN fibers. Special attention is paid to the participation of LSN in the neuroendocrine regulation of the sexual system. On the basis of literature and our own experimental findings it is shown that the LSN is a chronoregulatory structure which is responsible for the biorhythmologic organization of the functions of the mammalian organism.     

Chemistry of puupehenone: 1,6-conjugate addition to its quinone-methide system

The marine natural product puupehenone (1), isolated in good yields from sponges of the genus Hyrtios, has been shown to undergo stereospecific 1,6-conjugate addition to its quinone-methide system. Several nucleophilic agents such as hydrogen cyanide, Grignard reagents, and nitroalkanes were studied, producing structurally diverse compounds. This lead optimization study was initiated due to the bioactivity of puupehenone and its natural analogues, which includes numerous previous reports of potential anticancer and antiinfective activity.     

首钢京唐炼钢厂新一代工艺流程与应用实践

研究分析了现代化炼钢厂洁净钢生产技术,提出了以生产效率、制造成本和产品性能为核心的洁净钢生产技术理念。通过对新一代炼钢厂高效率、低成本、高质量钢铁产品制造功能的解析与集成,结合首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司钢铁厂炼钢-连铸工艺的设计研究,应用动态精准设计体系,优化配置铁水预处理、转炉冶炼、二次精炼、连铸等单元工序,构建了基于动态有序生产体系的高效率、低成本、高质量洁净钢生产平台。     

一种测定镁粉中活性镁含量的新装置及其应用

镁粉在镁工业应用中有着举足轻重的地位,其有效成分为活性镁。国内现行测定活性镁含量的标准方法为气体容量法,该方法对测定环境要求较高,需要反应装置具备极好的气密性,测定流程繁复不易操作。以质量守恒定律为依据,设计了一种用于测定镁粉中活性镁含量的新型化学反应装置,并根据装置结构和工作原理建立了一种新的活性镁测定方法。方法综合考虑了反应过程中生成的水蒸气和挥发的氯化氢气体对测定结果的影响,并通过碱石灰的吸水性和与酸中和反应,有效消除其影响。方法能够测定镁粉中质量分数不小于92%的活性镁。方法应用于镁粉样品中活性镁含量的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.060%～0.084%。采用实验方法测定2个镁粒中活性镁,测定结果与标示值基本一致,测定差值小于YS/T 617.1—2007标准规定的允许差。     

一种测定镁粉中活性镁含量的新装置及其应用

镁粉在镁工业应用中有着举足轻重的地位,其有效成分为活性镁。国内现行测定活性镁含量的标准方法为气体容量法,该方法对测定环境要求较高,需要反应装置具备极好的气密性,测定流程繁复不易操作。以质量守恒定律为依据,设计了一种用于测定镁粉中活性镁含量的新型化学反应装置,并根据装置结构和工作原理建立了一种新的活性镁测定方法。方法综合考虑了反应过程中生成的水蒸气和挥发的氯化氢气体对测定结果的影响,并通过碱石灰的吸水性和与酸中和反应,有效消除其影响。方法能够测定镁粉中质量分数不小于92%的活性镁。方法应用于镁粉样品中活性镁含量的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.060%~0.084%。采用实验方法测定2个镁粒中活性镁,测定结果与标示值基本一致,测定差值小于YS/T 617.1—2007标准规定的允许差。     

Performance characteristics of a new synthetic APTT reagent

The question of whether the use of a teaching strategy employing simulation influences attitudes toward disabled persons over time was addressed in this quasi-experimental intervention study. The experimental group participated in "Sensitivity Day" which incorporated a simulation activity. A total of 77 undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students completed the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale four times: presimulation, immediate postsimulation, six week delayed postsimulation and six month delayed postsimulation. In general, the nursing students had relatively positive scores on the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale in each testing period. The best indicator of postsimulation attitude scores was the presimulation attitude score. Personal and prior nursing experience had no statistical effects on attitude. Improvement that was significant at p = .07 level was noted in the experimental group at the six weeks delayed postsimulation when compared with the presimulation attitude scores. This study supplies data that is useful in constructing learning activities and contributes to the body of knowledge about simulation and attitudes toward persons with disabilities.     

Radiographic stereoplotting. A new technique and its application to the study of the spine

Radiographic stereoplotting is a method for taking three-dimensional measurements from a pair of x-ray films. The x-ray technique is described, as is the stereoplotter. Using this machine it is possible to locate any point within the patient and measure the distance between that point and any other point. From this information it is possible to compute areas, volumes, and angles with great accuracy, which hitherto has been impossible using noninvasive techniques. It is planned to take measurements of the spinal canal in normal backs and in patients with nonspecific back pain, in order to try to define some of these syndromes on a structural basis. It is likely that stereoplotting has some useful application in most branches of clinical medicine, since the x-ray technology is available in any diagnostic x-ray department.     

新型砂仓的研究及其在矿山充填中的应用

本文介绍一种新型砂仓的研究试验及其结构特点,同时介绍了采用这一砂仓的铜录山矿尾砂胶结充填工艺流程及结构特点。该系统已成功使用多年,生产实践表明,该系统工艺流程先进,工作可靠,充填站实践了生产的集中控制和自动化操作。     

铅析法及其应用

本文扼要介绍了国内不常见的铅析法的基本概念、过程、特点,并介绍了粗铜、阳极泥、冰铜三种试样的湿法预处理及与铅析法相结合的流程。     

Respiratory effects of a synthetic metalworking fluid and its components

A synthetic metalworking fluid, MWF "A", and its major components were evaluated using a previously developed mouse bioassay. This fluid and its components evoked sensory (S) and pulmonary (P) irritation in mice. For MWF "A" and each of its components, a concentration-response relationship was developed on the basis of respiratory frequency (fR) responses. From such relationships, the concentration capable of evoking a 50% decrease in mean fR was determined for MWF "A" and each component (RD50). RD50S or RD50P was used to distinguish decreases in fR that were due to sensory irritation (S) from those due to pulmonary irritation (P). From RD50P values, it was concluded that the fatty acid alkanolamide condensates, tolutriazole, and triazine-type biocide components were similar in potency to one another and similar in potency to MWF "A". By examining potency and fractional composition, it was concluded that the fatty acid alkanolamide condensates and the triazine-type biocide largely contributed to the irritancy of MWF "A". From RD50P values, occupational exposure limits were proposed for MWF "A" and each of its components. The current Threshold Limit Value of 10 mg/m3 established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for "particulates not otherwise classified" (PNOC) would be inadequate to protect workers from the irritating properties of MWF "A" and most of its components.     

一种新的n维广义Arnold矩阵构造方法及其在图像置乱中的应用

提出了基于具有输入密钥的等差数列来构造一类n维广义Arnold变换矩阵的方法,并给出了构造变换矩阵和逆变换矩阵的计算算法,算法仅与密钥有关,其时间复杂度相当于n(n+1)/2次乘法运算.在图像置乱时用该矩阵作为变换矩阵,采取图像位置空间与色彩空间的多轮乘积型双置乱,算法具有周期长和算法完全公开等特点,可有效防止多种攻击,增强了系统的安全性.此外,通过逆变换对置乱图像进行恢复,无须计算变换矩阵的周期.实验结果表明,该置乱变换算法效率高,安全性强.     

新型环保提金剂在抱伦金矿的试验研究及应用

鉴于目前抱伦金矿使用氰化钠所带来的安全、环保等压力,研究使用无(低)毒环保的浸金药剂及浸金工艺是十分必要的。在全泥炭浆提金工艺条件下,对喜金牌新型环保提金药剂浸金小型试验及工业试验进行了研究。结果表明:喜金药剂与氰化钠的浸出效果基本一致,工业试验中金的浸出率可以达到95%以上,且经济效益显著。