嵌镶式无截获栅栅控电子枪的研究

本文给出了一种无截获栅糊控电子枪模型。阴影栅被直接嵌镶在阴极面上,阴影栅采用环形椰网,在计算机辅助设计中提出了简化二维数学模型并建立了计算程序。通过对计算机计算结果的分析,提出了设计这种枪的方法。并通过设计一个导流系数为0.9P的栅控枪进行了实验验证。初步结果表明建立的计算机程序完全可以满足这一类无截获栅栅控电子枪的工程设计要求。     

大功率行波管无截获栅控枪的设计

根据栅控枪的基本设计原理和整管的应用要求，设计了一种高导流系数、高压缩比和高直流工作电压的无截获栅控枪。详细地讨论了无截获栅控电子枪设计方案的选择和参数的确定。设计数据和试验结果十分吻合，并给出了在Ｘ波段大功率耦合腔行波管中的应用结果。     

无截获栅控电子枪的工艺结构设计及其阴极几何利用系数的计算方法

本文介绍了两种类型无截获栅控枪(即:单一栅和四极管型无截获栅控枪)的工艺结构设计。给出了阴栅结构设计的基本方法以及阴极几何利用系数的计算方法,从而合理地确定了最佳的网孔数、网孔尺寸和网筋宽度。本文还介绍了阴栅组件的加工方法、对栅方法。讨论了电子枪中的击穿现象。     

栅网表面处理工艺

控制栅栅网是栅控脉冲行波管的关键部件之一。这种栅网是由钼片经电火花加工制成的。制成的栅网的网丝上常常有毛刺和其它黑色附着物。这些附着物不易清除干净并因此往往造成管子打火,栅极截获电流偏大,从而影响管子的性能和成品率。因此,设法将栅网表面处理干净是十分重要的。 清除栅网表面附着物目前通常用手工去除毛刺和金刚砂超声处理,但效果较差。为了寻求一种较有效的处理工艺,我们先用离子探针和俄歇电子谱仪对网丝表面进行了组     

栅控电子枪的热特性分析

利用ANSYS 有限元软件分析了栅控电子枪的热特性,包括稳态温度场计算和结构热形变,其中稳态温度场计算包括电子枪和栅网的温度分布以及栅网因电子截获而引起的温升。并利用行波管设计软件TWTCAD 分析了热形变前后电子光学系统性能的变化。同时还采用热电偶法得到了实际栅网的表面温度,试验结果与仿真结果基本一致,证明了热分析结果的有效性。     

高工作比、超层流四极管型电子枪

本文描述一种高收敛皮尔斯枪,其电子注层流性能基本上与无栅枪相似,而工作比超过三极管型有截获的栅控电子枪。因为四极管型电子枪是在栅丝之间100%的发射表面上较为均匀地支取电流,所以单位面积上的阴极负载远小于一般的阴影栅电子枪或栅极贴近阴极的阴影栅电子枪。理论研究和电子注分析器研究以及 IJ 波段大功率螺旋线行波管的热测都已证实,若微调四极管型电子枪的两个控制栅电压,将使性能有大幅度地改进。可调的栅丝透镜可使电子注直径和层流最佳,并反映了公差的变化。在管子包装组件内还包括一个简单的自偏压网络,以便用普通的栅极脉冲调制器工作。     

带结合式无截获控制栅的收敛电子枪

本文描述结合式栅极电子枪研制的最近进展。已研制出这种电子枪,并在双模螺旋线行波管中作了测试。与用在这类管子中的常规无截获栅控枪相比,这种电子枪的光学性能是优良的。     

栅控电子枪栅网抗振优化设计

栅控电子枪栅网与阴极间的精密设计结构和栅网对束流的调整作用决定其设计结构必须具有良好的抗振可靠性.使用有限元模拟技术对电子枪栅网进行模态分析,模拟分析了不同栅网尺寸的模态频率和模态振型,并对影响模态频率的因素进行探讨,为栅网的优化设计提供了参考.     

国产无截获栅控行波管的特点及测试

本文介绍的无截获栅(也叫阴影栅、屏蔽栅等)控行波管,具有增益高、频带宽、效率高、占空比大、体积小、重量轻、可靠性高和寿命长等特点,满足了空用条件的要求;叙述了大功率行波管的测试方法、步骤及测试中应注意的一些问题,并附有测试的增益一频率特性曲线;文章对行波管的调频噪声进行了初步计算;最后将国产无截获栅控行波管的性能与国外几种具有代表性的同类型行波管进行了比较、从而显示出我国在研制高占空比无截获栅控耦合腔大功率行波管方面的技术水平。     

栅控枪中阴极发射电流密度的调节

分析了栅控枪中阴极面发射不均匀的原因,特别是栅极的加入对阴极发射的影响。模拟了栅极尺寸改变对阴极发射电流的调节作用,得到了栅网的几个主要尺寸变化对阴极发射影响的规律。在设计时,可以根据其对栅网进行优化处理,以得到比较均匀的阴极电流发射,从而延长阴极的使用寿命。     

On grid-mesh shapes of non-intercepting gridded guns

A non-intercepting gridded gun with the perveance of 1.4μP is described. Three different gridmesh shapes (square, hexagonal and annular) are chosen, and the experimental results in an electron beam analyzer are given in detail. The design methods of the gun for each grid-mesh shape and the structures of the test system are briefly introduced. The results measured by using the fluorescent screen and pin-hole scanning technique are given. It turns out that the annular grid possessed the best electron optical performance. The reason that the performance of the annular grid is better than the others is qualitatively explained and discussed, so as to give the guide lines of how to design the non-intercepting gridded guns. Through the experiment and the computer calculation for several non-intercepting gridded guns, the previous wrong conceptional conclusions about the performances of the guns with and without grid may be corrected.     

Gridded electron guns for high average power

The design and performance of electron guns producing high-average-power beams which are controlled by an intercepting-type grid are described. The design consists of a modification of the design of Pierce-type electron guns to allow for the effect of grid insertion, and calculation of the amplification factors based on the potential distribution. The performance is evaluated in terms of the beam shapes and average beam powers obtainable. Measured amplification factors are compared with calculated values. Factors influencing the measured beam shapes are discussed. Trajectories of electrons emitted as secondaries from the grid and those of electrons deflected by the lens effect of the grid wires were plotted using an analog computer and electrolytic tank. The shapes and focusing properties of electron beams from similar gridded and nongridded guns are compared. Expressions relating the average beam power capability to the gun and grid dimensions are developed. The calculated average beam power capabilities are compared with measured values. Average beam power as high as 8 kw has been obtained with electron guns of a size suitable for use in X-band twt's.     

The design and performance of grid-controlled, high-perveance electron guns

The focusing electrode and a probe projecting through the cathode serve as control electrodes for the current from a convergent-beam electron gun. The principal advantage of this type of "grid" is that there is no interception of the high-current-density beam by the probe-grid. This paper presents the design procedure and experimental results for typical probe-gridded guns. The design procedure is used to obtain the desired perveance, beam diameter, and approximate laminar electron flow. The probe geometry that results in a minimum beam distortion is discussed. The range of values of amplification factor obtainable and the influence of probe geometry on this factor are discussed. The magnetic field required for focusing the beam from a probe-gridded gun is compared with that required for perfect laminar flow and for focusing the beam from a nongridded gun of similar design. An electrolytic tank in conjunction with an analog computer was used to plot electron trajectories, with the effect of space charge included, for the probe-gridded gun and a similar nongridded gun. A comparison of the electron optics of the gridded and nongridded gun is made. Electrical breakdown and beam current during the interpulse time are problems considered. Methods used to minimize electrical breakdown and interpulse beam current are presented. Several models of probe-gridded guns were constructed. The measured characteristics of these guns demonstrate that the advantages of grid control can be obtained with only a minor effect on gun perveance and beam focusing.     

A theory for coupling gridded gun design with PPM focussing

This paper presents theoretical and experimental methods for the design and optimization of gridded Pierce electron guns. The design of periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focussing systems to control the nonlaminar beams originating from such grided guns is discussed. Simplified relationships are developed which directly couple the, heretofore separate, gun and PPM focusing design problems.     

无截获栅控电子枪CAD软件

主要介绍一个二维无截获栅控电子枪计算机模拟计算程序ＳＨＭＧ，及其关键数值分析模型和实验分析结果。ＳＨＭＧ计算程序用来验算已初步设计的无截获栅控电子枪，并进行优化。需要特别说明的是，ＳＨＭＧ程序是在ＳＬＡＣ电子轨迹计算程序的基础上完成的。     

FDTD方法及其在多注电子光学系统研究中的应用

采用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法对L波段100 kW多注速调管的单个电子枪进行三维模拟计算,通过设置最小网格尺寸和发射时间间隔,得出的电流和导流系数与采用EGUN等软件计算的结果相一致,通过从MAFIA中导入三维磁场数据,模拟了位于径向不同位置处电子注通道的电子轨迹,研究发现在磁场均匀性较好的情况下,位于径向不同位置处的电子轨迹相差很小,同时讨论了如何减少模拟时间的问题.本文最后计算了多个注的电子枪,求得了电流值和导流系数,从中导入数据可以分段模拟多注速调管高频互作用段的注波互作用,以及收集极区域的电子发散.     

The design and performance of a magnetron-injection gun

The space-charge flow solutions described by Kino and others in connection with the crossed-field carcinotron gun can be generalized to form the basis of a magnetron-injection gun design suitable for the production of hollow electron beams. In the first part of the paper this generalization is described. From the resulting flow it is possible to determine by an approximate method the electrodes to produce a gun of desired perveance with nearly uniform current density at the cathode. This technique has been used to design guns having ratios of cathode length to a diameter considerably greater than unity. The close agreement between the results obtained on several experimental guns and the theoretical predictions is described, along with the effect of departures from the prescribed fields given by the design method.     

Computer Simulation of Axis-Encircling Beams Generated by an Electron Gun with a Permanent Magnet System

Results from computer aided design of a novel electron gun generating axis-encircling beams are presented and discussed. Numerical experiments were performed by the new version of the software package GUN-MIG named GUN-MIG/CUSP. It is based on a self-consistent relativistic model and is developed as a problem oriented tool for analysis of electron-optical systems with magnetron injection guns (MIG) and electron guns with field reversal (cusp guns), forming axis-encircling beams. As a result of the simulations an electron-optical design of a novel electron gun with permanent magnet system was accomplished. The gun is expected to form high quality beams with small velocity spread and beam ripple. Parameters of the generated beams are appropriate for a prospective weakly relativistic high harmonic large orbit gyrotron (LOG). The development of such device is in progress now at the Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region (FIR Center) at Fukui University.