双正交小波阈值去噪在套管检测中的应用

为解决套损检测情况图像中的噪声污染对测井解释的影响,文中分析了几种图像去噪的方法,详细介绍了双正交小波理论的提出背景、基本原理、分解与重构、阈值去噪过程,利用双正交小波的正交性、多尺度性等优点,将其应用于套损检测情况图像去噪中,在频域上对图像进行去噪处理。试验结果表明,双正交小波去噪相比正交小波去噪有效地提高了图像的质量和信噪比,同时能够最大限度地保留原有图像的边缘特征,有利于后续的目标特征提取与识别。     

基于多小波基的联合图像去噪方法

小波广泛应用于图像去噪,多个小波基联合运用可以把小波的光滑性、紧支性、正交性、对称性等结合起来。首先用多个小波基分别对含噪图像进行分解、阈值处理和重构,得到多幅重构图像,然后对这些图像进行算术平均,得到最终去噪图像。实验结果表明,该方法去噪效果比单一的小波基方法有明显的改善。     

一种能保留图像边缘信息的去噪新方法

图像处理的目标是消除噪声的同时能保留图像所固有的信息.针对保留边缘信息有效去噪问题,提出了双密度双树复数小波变换的图像去噪方法,该方法综合了双密度小波、双树小波和复数小波的优点,具有更好的方向性,将双树复数小波的6个方向,提高到12个方向,并采用了自适应软阈值对小波变换的系数进行处理,消除图像干扰噪声.本文对加噪图像进行去噪仿真试验,并进一步进行边缘检测,仿真试验结果表明,该方法能有效消除图像噪声并保留图像原有边缘信息,与双密度双树小波相比,去噪效果明显改善,均方误差减小了2.4%.     

基于分水岭的提升小波图像去噪

为了图像去噪的同时能很好地保持图像的细节,提出了一种基于分水岭的提升小波图像去噪方法,先用分水岭分割方法检测出图像的分水岭脊线,提升小波去噪时就可用阈值去噪而不必担心损害图像的重要特征.其去噪步骤是:对噪声污染图像进行提升小波去噪;对原图像提取梯度幅度图像;对梯度图像平滑后进行分水岭变换;图像合并.实验结果表明,该方法不但可以保持图像的重要信息,而且能够提高去噪后图像的信噪比.     

基于航空图像的多小波去噪方法研究

多小波技术把十分重要的光滑性、对称性、正交性、有限支撑等完美地结合起来,弥补了单小波的不足,为信号处理领域开辟了新纪元,尤其在提高军方侦察航空图像的判读效率、减少误判率方面更具有十分重要的意义.本文基于航空图像研究了基于多小波的图像去噪技术,通过分析小波的各种去噪原理和讨论阈值取值的门限问题,利用Matlab快速分解算法,基于CL多小波对加噪声的航空图像进行多小波分解和去噪,并对去噪后的图像进行了比较和分析.实验结果证明多小波去除小噪声图像时,不增加图像跳边缘,不会导致振荡效应,有较好去噪效果.     

一种基于边缘检测的图像去噪优化方法

为了消除或衰减存在于图像上的噪声,同时尽可能地保留图像细节,提出基于边缘检测的图像去噪算法.先通过小波边缘检测法求出有噪图像的边缘图像;再通过小波边缘检测方法确定哪些小波系数是图像的边缘特征,这些小波系数将不受阈值去噪的影响,因此,可以只是根据噪声方差来设置去噪的阈值,对原有噪图像进行小波去噪,得到平滑图像;最后,将边缘图像嵌入平滑图像中,得到去噪后的图像.实验结果表明,与普通的小波阈值去噪方法相比,上述算法不但能在有效去噪的同时保留图像的细节信息,而且能提高去噪后图像的峰值信噪比.     

基于小波模极大值和Neyman-Pearson准则阈值的图像去噪

首先给出了2维噪声的小波变换特性,分析图像小波变换模的极大值与小波分解级数j和李氏指数之间的关系,指出如何确定和保护图像的边缘;接着阐述了基于软、硬阈值的图像正交小波变换去噪法,然后提出一种基于Neym an-Pearson准则的小波阈值的确定,从而又提出了一种基于小波模极大值和Neym an-Pearson准则阈值的图像去噪方法,解决了图像去噪和保护图像边缘这个“两难”问题。针对期望图像叠加了不规则噪声的假设,对几种去噪方法做了定性比较,并给出了去噪性能的定量分析,仿真结果表明,此方法能提高去噪后图像的信噪比,使评价原图像与去噪后的图像近似程度的方差和相对熵为最小,同时能很好地保留原始图像的边缘信息。     

一种基于M带小波变换的多幅图像去噪算法

基于小波的图像去噪算法是目前图像去噪研究的一个热点。大多数的研究考虑的都是单幅图像样本的情况,在基于图像的多幅含不同均匀噪声拷贝的两带小波去噪方法的基础上,把多幅含噪图像拷贝的两带小波去噪方法推广到了M带,提出了一种基于M带小波变换的多幅图像去噪方法。实验结果表明该方法的去噪效果要优于相同条件下的两带小波的去噪效果。     

基于分水岭的提升小波图像去噪

为了图像去噪的同时能很好地保持图像的细节,提出了一种基于分水岭的提升小波图像去噪方法,先用分水岭分割方法检测出图像的分水岭脊线,提升小波去噪时就可用阈值去噪而不必担心损害图像的重要特征。其去噪步骤是：对噪声污染图像进行提升小波去噪;对原图像提取梯度幅度图像;对梯度图像平滑后进行分水岭变换;图像合并。实验结果表明,该方法不但可以保持图像的重要信息,而且能够提高去噪后图像的信噪比。     

基于均值滤波和小波变换的图像去噪技术研究

采用均值滤波和小波变换相结合的图像去噪方法是先将含噪图像进行小波分解,在小波域中,选取适当的阈值对小波系数进行处理,然后对图像信号进行局部重构至第一层,并采用不同的模板对第一层的各细节子图像进行均值滤波,最后将低频近似图像与均值滤波后高频细节图像合成得到去噪后的图像.这种方法与全局Donoho软、硬阔值小波去噪方法和Birge-Massart策略软、硬阈值小波去噪方法相比,其去噪效果更为明显.它在降低了图像的噪声的同时,又尽可能地保留图像的细节,且图像更加平滑.仿真实验证明,该方法是一种有效的图像去噪方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.