动态背景下的运动目标检测

针对动态背景下运动目标检测的问题,最大限度地降低背景对运动目标检测的影响,提出了一种基于相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换的动态背景下运动目标检测算法。动态背景下运动目标检测的主要部分是背景运动补偿,首先利用相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换估计全局运动参量,然后根据全局运动参量利用双线性内插法进行背景匹配,最后对配准后的图像利用帧间差分法提取运动目标。实验表明,该算法具有一定的鲁棒性,能有效地检测动态背景下的运动目标。     

基于相位相关法的实时模板定位方法

相位相关法广泛用于图像配准中,结合傅里叶梅林变换的相位相关算法可以精确检测出图像平移,旋转和缩放参数。针对传统方法,设计了一种边缘模糊滤波器来抑制相位相关法的边缘效应,同时定义了一个简化角度模糊判断的shift操作。为解决因多次应用傅里叶变换带来的计算量大、实时性差的问题,提出并实现了在GPU并行处理下的解决方案,并将其应用在实时性要求较高的工业图像配准和复杂背景下的模板定位中。实验结果证明该方法的有效性和较好的鲁棒性,也证明了处理较大尺寸图像时具有较好的实时性。     

动态场景下基于精确背景补偿的运动目标检测

针对动态场景下因背景补偿效果欠佳而不能准确检测运动目标的问题,提出一种基于精确背景补偿的运动目标检测算法。算法采用加入对称约束的SURF特征点匹配算法,以获得稳健的匹配点对。同时利用自适应外点滤除法去除目标点对全局运动估计的影响,显著地提高了背景补偿的精度。最后用帧差法准确地检测出运动目标。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性,能够在背景复杂且摄像机运动的环境下准确地提取出运动目标。     

摄像机运动下基于背景匹配的运动目标检测

提出一种摄像机运动下的运动目标检测技术。首先获取相邻两帧图像上的对应特征点的坐标后应用到仿射变换模型得到全局运动参量来描述背景图像的运动变化。然后根据估计出的全局运动参量通过双线性内插法完成背景匹配。最后采用背景匹配后的两帧图像差进行目标检测。实验证明本算法在提高处理的精确度和时效性的同时还可以处理摄像机发生较大幅度旋转运动情况下的目标检测。     

运动背景下的运动目标检测方法

对运动目标检测问题,提出了一种运动背景下的运动目标检测新方法,为了配准图像首先利用傅立叶变换的相位相关法进行背景补偿,然后采用六帧相邻图像差分相乘的方法增强运动目标的像素点,拉大目标与背景残留噪声的差异,利用区域-分裂合并法进行目标分割,将运动目标检测出来;从而计算出运动目标的形心坐标,并绘出运动目标的运动轨迹.由于方...     

低对比度红外图像点目标运动检测方法

对于背景对比度较低的红外图像,若点目标的亮度不明显,加上探测器噪声的影响,很难分辨出红外图像中处于运动状态的点目标.为了解决这一问题,对探测器采集的相邻2幅图像进行基于灰度峰值与傅里叶相位相关算法的图像配准,计算出2幅图像之间的相对平移量;通过对2幅图像的重叠区域进行差分绝对值、高斯低通滤波及二值化运算;分离出运动的点目标.实验结果表明:检测方法可以有效地检测出低对比度红外图像中的运动点目标.     

基于BRISK特征的动态背景下运动目标检测

针对动态背景下运动目标检测过程中对检测算法实时性和鲁棒性的要求,提出了一种基于二进制鲁棒不变尺度特征(BRISK)的运动目标检测算法.通过改进的BRISK算法检测特征点;为了保证匹配精度和速度,采用K最近邻(KNN)算法进行特征点匹配;运用基于随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)的全局运动参数估计法获取最优全局运动参数;采用帧间差分法进行运动目标检测.实验结果表明:改进的BRISK算法减少了49.8％的特征点数目,KNN算法去除了85.9％的特征点对;在各种场景下能够准确地检测出运动目标,与以往算法相比检测效果较好.     

基于改进ViBe的运动目标检测算法

在运动目标检测领域,ViBe算法由于其实时性高、鲁棒性好等特点,已经被广泛地研究与使用。但动态背景往往会干扰检测结果。通过度量背景复杂度更新距离阈值和背景模型更新率的方式,提出了一种基于改进ViBe算法的运动目标检测算法,能有效地降低动态背景对检测结果造成的影响。最后,利用全局运动补偿算法将改进的ViBe算法应用到摄像机运动情况下,取得了一定效果。     

基于小波傅里叶梅林变换的数字水印算法

提出一种基于小波傅里叶梅林变换的数字图像水印算法。该算法首先对宿主图像进行小波多分辨率分解，对低频逼近运用傅里叶梅林变换（Fourier—Mellin）并嵌入水印，同时在图像的中频带应用阈值法重复嵌入水印。实验表明：该算法对常规的一些攻击方法和几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性，并且对jpeg2000静态图像压缩也具有较好的鲁棒性。     

动态背景下运动目标检测与跟踪研究

主要研究动态背景下的运动目标检测和跟踪问题。背景补偿差分法是一种常用的动态背景下运动目标检测算法,但检测到的目标轮廓要比其真实轮廓大,检测结果不准确且算法复杂度较高。主动轮廓模型在图像分割和目标提取过程中具有拓扑结构变化灵活性,对数值计算方案的设计更加方便、有效,据此提出一种基于改进C-V模型和卡尔曼滤波的算法,用来检测和跟踪动态背景下的运动目标。提出的算法利用C-V模型曲线演化检测和跟踪目标,使C-V模型在目标的边缘处收敛。结合卡尔曼滤波预测运动目标下一帧位置,从而实现对运动目标轮廓的跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可以对动态背景下运动目标进行精确的检测与跟踪。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.