稀土对电气化铁路电车线纯铜性能的影响

研究了稀土对电气铁路电力线用纯铜硬度、导电性、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响，结果表明，随稀土加入量的不同，上述性能都有一定程度的变化，从提高电车线综合性能考虑，稀土在纯铜在加的入量以0．06％－0．08％为宜。     

稀土元素La和Ce对纯铜性能的影响

以中间合金的方式在纯铜中加入不同量稀土元素La和Ce,机械加工成统一尺寸试样后,测试其导电性、强度和硬度.结果表明,稀土添加剂能起到净化基体和细化晶粒作用,改善纯铜的导电性,提高纯铜的强度、硬度.考虑试样的综合性能,得出La和Ce的最佳加入量均为0.02%.通过研究稀土元素对纯铜性能的影响,旨在对高强高导铜合金的进一步研究打下基础.     

稀土元素Ce对纯铜导电性及力学性能的影响

在纯铜中加入稀土元素Ce,研究不同含量Ce及不同保温时间对纯铜的导电性、抗拉强度、硬度、耐磨性等的影响.研究发现在纯铜中加入Ce起到净化、去杂质的作用,改善纯铜的导电性;也可使晶粒细化,改善纯铜的抗拉强度及其它力学性能.且熔炼时加入稀土后的保温时间要适当.在试验的条件下保温时间以30 min为宜,稀土Ce的最佳加入量w为0.02%.     

稀土镧和铬对纯铜铸态性能的影响

研究了不同稀土镧和铬的加入量对纯铜的导电率、强度、硬度及显微组织的影响,发现稀土具有净化、去杂及合金化的作用,从而在不影响纯铜的良好导电性的同时,提高其强度、硬度,并可有效的细化组织、净化纯铜.试验结果表明当稀土镧的加入量为0.02%,铬的加入量为0.4%,可获得良好的综合性能.     

连铸纯铜杆产生废品的原因及解决方案

连铸纯铜杆废品存在严重偏心现象，中心有大量的气孔、缩松等缺陷，是导致纯铜杆硬度和强度不足、耐磨性差、导电性低的主要原因。通过将结晶器由单侧进水改为双侧进水，可解决偏心问题。将结晶器插入深度增加，可使气孔、缩松问题得到解决。     

稀土元素镧在铸造纯铜中的作用机理及对组织与性能影响

在铸造纯铜中加入不同含量的稀土镧,通过双电桥测电阻、拉伸和布氏硬度试验、金相组织及扫描电镜观察,研究不同含量的稀土镧对纯铜的组织、导电性、抗拉强度和硬度等性能的影响。结果表明,在纯铜中加入不同含量的稀土镧,有助于消除或减轻产生"冷脆"和"热脆",同时也有助于改善铸造纯铜的组织,纯铜能够在导电性变化不大的基础上,有效地提高其抗拉强度和硬度等性能。     

铝、氧化铜反应铸渗对纯铜渗铝和氧化铝的影响

利用铝和氧化铜的铝热反应向纯铜表面渗铝和氧化铝.通过显微硬度实验、耐磨性实验来研究铝和氧化铝的渗入对纯铜表面显微硬度、耐磨性的影响.结果表明,向纯铜中渗铝和氧化铝可以提高纯铜表面的硬度及耐磨性.铝和氧化铁的反应能够促进铝和氧化铝渗入到纯铜中,提高渗层的质量,增加渗层的厚度,但氧化铁加入量过多时,却阻碍渗层的形成.实验表明,渗剂中含铝25％、氧化铁10％、氧化铝20％时获得的表面复合层质量最好.     

微量锌和稀土元素镧对纯铜导电性和力学性能的影响

把锌和稀土元素镧加入到纯铜中,加工成一定尺寸的试样,通过双电桥测电阻测试其导电性,并测量力学性能和观察金相组织.结果表明在纯铜中加入适量锌能有效地提高铜的强度和硬度;适量稀土镧能净化铜的基体,去除杂质和细化晶粒,能够在保持纯铜原有导电能力的基础上改善其力学性能.通过对比试验,锌和稀土镧的最佳配比加入量分别为0.4%和0.08%.     

微锡中磷耐磨铸铁

我厂在原有生产微量锡铸铁的基础上,在中磷(含P量在0．4%左右)铸铁中,加入微量的锡(Sn的加入量为0．15~0．2% ),不但能促进金相组织基体的珠光体比,而且使铸铁的硬度相对地提高,促进硬度值的均匀性,不独如此,还有改善石墨组织的效果,减少过冷石墨的数量和磷共晶断续网均匀分布等等趋向。初步认为,微锡中磷铸铁是能增强铸铁的耐磨性的。     

稀土Ce对挤压纯铜杆组织性能的影响

研究了稀土Ce加入量对挤压态纯铜杆的电导率、硬度和疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,加入稀土元素Ce的挤压铜杆晶粒明显比未加稀土的细小,起到细化晶粒的作用;加入稀土Ce能提高纯铜的电导率和硬度,改善挤压纯铜杆的疲劳性能,稀土Ce加入量为0.04%时,挤压纯铜杆的综合性能最好.     

Cu-Ce合金对铁基金属结合剂性能的影响

为进一步改善铁基金属结合剂的性能,以Cu-Ce合金、铁、锡、铜等为原料,采用热压烧结法制备金属结合剂,研究Cu-Ce合金对结合剂性能的影响。结果表明:随Cu-Ce合金粉质量分数的增加,铁基金属结合剂的密度、抗冲击强度均逐渐增加,而抗弯强度和洛氏硬度则表现出先增大后减小的趋势。当Cu-Ce合金的质量分数为8%时,洛氏硬度（HRB）达到最大;Cu-Ce合金的质量分数为6%时,抗弯强度最大,为518.12 MPa。在铁基金属结合剂中添加Cu-Sn合金粉会降低其各项力学性能。      

Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的开发与应用现状

Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金是一种典型的沉淀析出型硬化合金,它具有高硬度、高强度、高电导率等特点。本文主要讨论了Cu-15Ni-8Sn这种新型合金的组织结构、各种先进制备技术的优劣、性能影响因素以及未来的发展趋势和方向。     

氧化硅气凝胶对Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸造、冷轧和T6热处理制备了SiO₂气凝胶(SA)增强铝基复合材料。研究了SA含量对Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金显微组织(铸态与冷轧T6态)与力学性能的影响。结果表明,SA能有效地加入到Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金中,并以球状形式均匀的分布在晶粒内部。铸态下,随着SA含量的增加,合金的显微硬度呈上升趋势。当SA含量为0.02%时,合金平均硬度(HV)达到最高85,相对于未添加SA的合金提升了49%,但铸态下添加SA的合金拉伸性能略微下降;冷轧T6态下,当SA含量为0.02%时,合金硬度(HV)为138。随着SA增加,合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度先升高后降低,当SA含量为0.04%时,合金屈服强度达到320 MPa,抗拉强度达到401MPa,相比于未添加SA的合金提升了10.3%和10.7%。添加SA能够提高铸态Al-4Cu-0.1Sn合金硬度的机理是其细化了铸态合金的晶粒,并使晶界处第二相由粗大的骨骼状变成细小的非连续状。添加SA提高冷轧T6态强度的机理是细化了Al₂Cu相并消除了Al₇Cu₂Fe相。     

Sn对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Ｓｎ对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,纯镁中加入Ｓｎ后能使纯镁铸锭中粗大的柱状晶转化为均匀的等轴晶,并有效地细化晶粒,同时在显微组织中形成具有立方Ｃ１结构的Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相。由于Ｍｇ２Ｓｎ颗粒相显微硬度和熔点高,热稳定性好,因而对基体具有有效的弥散强化作用,提高了ＭｇＳｎ二元合金的室温及高温强度。在Ｍｇ９Ａｌ０．８Ｚｎ基合金中加入少量的Ｓｎ便能有效地提高合金的耐热性,而加入过多的Ｓｎ反而会导致合金高温强度下降。     

RE对SnAgCu钎料合金及焊点性能的影响

利用JSM-5610LV扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析（EDS）等测量方法,研究了微量RE对Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料的显微组织、润湿特性、拉伸强度及焊点剪切强度和蠕变断裂寿命的影响。结果表明,向Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu中添加0.1%RE可明显细化钎料合金的显微组织,改善钎料合金的润湿特性,提高钎料合金的抗拉强度、伸长率及焊点剪切强度,增加焊点的蠕变断裂寿命。当RE添加量为0.5%时,由于形成了RE化合物而明显恶化钎料合金的性能。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ag Micro-Alloyed Mg-5Sn Alloy

Effects of 1.5 wt.% Ag addition and solid solution?+?artificial ageing at 160 °C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-5Sn alloy have been studied. The results show that Ag addition has significantly hardened the solution-treated Mg-5Sn alloy. During the ageing process, the hardness increase rate and the strength and ductility of the Mg-5Sn alloy at each state are also improved by Ag addition. The improved strengthening behavior is primarily attributed to the refinement distribution of the Mg₂Sn precipitates, the enhanced precipitation process, and the synergistic strengthening effect of Mg₂Sn and a metastable plate DO₁₉ phase formed at lower ageing temperature. For each solution-treated alloy, the strength and ductility are higher than the corresponding cast ones. Ageing further enhances the yield strength, and the ductility of the Mg-5Sn-1.5Ag alloy is also increased after ageing. The fracture surfaces of the both peak-aged alloys exhibit the characteristic of a mixture of quasi-cleavage and ductile fracture.     

热处理对粉末冶金Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金组织与性能的影响

以Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金粉为原料制备了粉末冶金试样,研究其在不同的固溶温度、冷压变形、时效温度和时效时间条件下的硬度,着重研究了840℃×15 min固溶+40%冷压变形条件下时效温度和时间对硬度及剪切强度的影响规律,采用金相及扫描电镜分析了相应的微观组织。结果表明,影响Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金硬度的主次因素为:冷压变形量>时效时间>时效温度>固溶温度,较优的工艺参数为840℃×15 min固溶+40%冷压变形+400℃×4 h时效,可获得37.6～38.3 HRC的高硬度和570～628 MPa的抗剪切强度。     

Fluidity,Microstructure, and Tensile Properties of Sub-rapidly Solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn-xSn(x=0,0.6,1.2,1.8) Alloy

In this paper, the infl uence of the Sn element on the melt viscosity, grain size, shrinkage, and tensile properties of the subrapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was studied. The results showed that the melt viscosity of the Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was greatly decreased because of the addition of Sn. As the content of Sn increased from 0 to 1.8 wt.%, the grain size of the alloy was refined, and the dendrite microstructure was changed to rose-shaped ones simultaneously. The decreased melt viscosity and refined microstructure were conductive to the feeding of melt, which contributed to the reduction in volume fraction of shrinkage. The volume fraction of shrinkage of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-1.2 Sn alloy was reduced by 30.8%, compared with that of the alloy without Sn addition. Tensile properties of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-x Sn alloys were increased firstly and then decreased with the augmented Sn content. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the alloy containing 1.2 wt.% Sn were 21.4%, 39.5%, and 259.0% higher than those of the alloy without Sn addition, respectively. The addition of Sn was considered to reduce the shrinkage of the sub-rapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn magnesium alloy and thus improved its tensile properties. To identify the mechanism, the effect of Sn on the volume fraction of shrinkage was discussed from three aspects of melt viscosity, grain refinement, and volume fraction of eutectic phases.     

Effect of Cd and Sn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AI-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

AMONG the commercial aluminum cast alloys,Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is extensively used mainly becauseof its good castability and excellent mechanicalproperties in the heat treated condition[1,2].It isaccepted that two precipitation sequences are mainlyresponsible for the precipitation hardening ofAl-Si-Cu-Mg alloy[2-4],namely:—GP zonesphase and-*GP zonesphase.Where GPs are the Cu/MgGuinier-Preston zones,P"/9"and/9'are themetastable p h a s e s,a r e equilibrium phaserespectively.It is well …     

The Strengthening of Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy

The microstructure, property and relation between them of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy are studied by means of TEM and the measurement of hardness, The results show that γ‘ metastable phase strengthens alloy because of its ordering structure.The ordering structure includes two types of DO22 and L12 ordering. Their strengthening for the alloy is much stronger than that of spinodal decomposition.