MoO3/γ-Al2O3在四氢糠醇合成吡啶中的应用

研究了以四氢糠醇(THFA)和氨气为原料,MoO3/-γA l2O3为催化剂经气固相接触催化合成吡啶的反应。采用XRD、XPS、BET对催化剂进行了表征,气相色谱-质谱联用仪对反应产物进行了分析,确定了主产物吡啶。考察了反应温度、MoO3负载量、四氢糠醇流量、催化剂用量对反应的影响。结果表明,负载量为10%的MoO3/γ-A l2O3经固定床反应器,反应温度为500℃,n(THFA)∶n(NH3)=1∶5时,四氢糠醇的转化率达95.47%,吡啶的选择性达74.82%,吡啶的收率达71.44%。     

MoO_3-Ce_2O_3-MgO/γ-Al_2O_3在四氢糠醇合成吡啶中的应用

研究了以四氢糠醇(THFA)为原料,MoO3-Ce2O3-MgO/γ-A l2O3为催化剂,经气固相接触催化合成吡啶的反应。采用BET对催化剂进行了表征,气相色谱对反应产物进行了分析。考察了反应温度、MoO3-Ce2O3-MgO负载量、四氢糠醇流量对反应的影响。并考察了催化剂的使用寿命。结果表明,负载质量分数为10%MoO3-3%Ce2O3-2%MgO的催化剂,用固定床反应器,反应温度为550℃,n(THFA)∶n(NH3)=1∶4时,四氢糠醇的转化率为99.12%,吡啶的选择性为87.09%,吡啶的反应收率达到86.32%。     

Ni-NiO/γ-Al2O3催化四氢糠醇制备吡啶的性能研究

研究了催化剂Ni-NiO/γ-Al2O3催化四氢糠醇(THFA)与氨气在固定床反应器中制备吡啶的工艺,并对催化剂的结构进行了表征。评价不同含量催化剂Ni-NiO/γ-Al2O3对四氢糠醇与氨气反应合成吡啶及其主要副产物的催化效果,考察了温度、氨醇摩尔比、液时空速等对该催化反应的影响。确定催化剂Ni-NiO/γ-Al2O3的催化效果为：随着催化剂组分Ni-NiO含量的升高,吡啶与异喹啉的含量随之升高,而哌啶的含量随之降低;在350℃~550℃,随着温度的升高,吡啶的含量随之升高,而副产物哌啶的含量随之降低,异喹啉在400℃含量较高。     

乙醇蒸汽重整Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂制氢

通过对不同Pd负载量、温度以及寿命的考察,评价了负载型Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂在乙醇蒸汽重整制氢的催化反应中的性能。试验表明较高的Pd负载量或者较高的反应温度可以获得理想的氢气选择性。在650℃反应温度下,对含Pd为5%(质量分数)的Pd/Al2O3催化剂进行考察获得了最高的氢气选择性136%。而且在反应温度为750℃条件下,含Pd为1%(质量分数)的Pd/Al2O3催化剂对氢气的选择性可以达到110%。通过NH3-TPD,TGA分析手段对催化剂进行表征分析。     

Ni-NiO/γ-Al_2O_3催化四氢糠醇制备吡啶

采用捏合挤条法制备了催化剂Ni-NiO/γ-Al2O3,用SEM、XRD、BET等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并将催化剂应用于四氢糠醇(THFA)与氨气在固定床反应器中制备吡啶。考察了Ni-NiO负载量、温度、氨醇摩尔比等因素对催化反应的影响,结果表明,随着催化剂组分Ni-NiO负载量的升高,吡啶的收率随之升高,而哌啶的收率随之降低,异喹啉收率在Ni-NiO质量分数为20%时达最高;在350～550℃,随着温度的升高,吡啶的收率随之升高,而副产物哌啶的收率随之降低,异喹啉在400℃收率较高;当氨醇摩尔比为3∶1时,吡啶与异喹啉的收率较高,2∶1时哌啶收率较高。     

四氢糠醇合成吡啶催化剂的制备及工艺研究

研究了四氢糠醇(THFA)与氨气在固定床反应器中合成吡啶的工艺路线,对催化剂进行了考察。以Al₂O₃为基底,分别制备负载Co₃O₄、Cr₂O₃、MoO₃的单一组分催化剂,筛选出催化性能最好的催化剂MoO₃作为主催化剂,混合不同量的Co₃O₄、Cr₂O₃,制备成各种复合催化剂。确定催化剂Cr₂O₃-MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化效果最佳,对其结构进行了表征,并在固定床反应器上对该催化剂催化四氢糠醇合成吡啶的工艺及稳定性进行了研究。最适宜反应条件下,即500 ℃,氨气流量700 mL/min,四氢糠醇进液量0.15 mL/min及常压条件进行时,四氢糠醇转化率达100%,吡啶收率达85.30%。     

发散状介孔SiO2负载Ag-CeO2催化剂选择性氧化THFA的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有高比表面积(959.72 m²/g)的发散状介孔SiO₂(MSNs),制备了不同Ag负载量的Ag-CeO₂/MSNs催化剂，探究了其对四氢糠醇(THFA)选择性氧化生成乙酸四氢糠酯的催化效果。当Ag的负载量为10%时催化效果最佳。在反应温度为145℃、反应压力为4 MPa、转速为325 r/min、催化剂质量为1 g的条件下，反应转化率为84%,产物选择性为81.03%。用N₂-吸附脱附、XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征，结果表明，Ag和CeO₂粒子以稳定且高度分散的状态负载于MSNs表面及发散状孔道内部；Ag-Ce存在双金属协同作用，Ag易使环氧化物C—C键断裂开环，Ce能使Ag容易吸附氧气，从而提高催化效率。催化剂重复使用5次后THFA转化率仍可达73.85%,产物选择性为78.43%。     

CuNi/Al2O3催化剂上乙炔选择加氢的研究

采用浸渍法制备了CuNi/Al2O3催化剂,研究了Ni负载量、Cu负载量及n(Cu)/n(Ni)对催化剂上乙炔选择加氢活性和选择性的影响,以及催化剂的还原性能。结果表明:CuNi/Al2O3催化剂中Cu提高了Ni的还原性,使催化剂具有很高的活性及乙烯选择性。随Cu/Ni原子比的提高,催化剂的活性下降,选择性升高,当Ni的负载量为10%、n(Cu)/n(Ni)=0.5时,在反应温度为50℃、反应压力为0.2 MPa、原料气流量为45 mL/min及H2流量为1.5 mL/min的反应条件下,乙炔的转化率达88.98%,乙烯的选择性达74.01%,乙烯收率为65.86%。     

铅/氧化铝催化剂的制备研究

工业上应用最广的合成吡啶的催化剂是Pb/ZSM-5催化剂.研究了在铅/氧化铝(Pb/Al2O3)催化剂上的醛氨缩合生成吡啶的反应,考察了不同氧化铝载体、铅负载量、催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征.结果表明:在氧化铝载体比表面170～185 m2/g、孔容1.6～2.0 cm3/g、平均孔径34 nm,铅负载量在质量分数2.5%～4.0%,催化剂焙烧温度在500～550℃时,制备的催化剂性能最好,烷基吡啶的收率可达90%.     

低负载贵金属催化剂对二甲醚催化燃烧的催化活性

采用浸渍法以g-Al2O3为载体制备了多种低负载量的Pd和Pt催化剂,在微型固定床反应器装置上进行了二甲醚(DME)催化燃烧实验. 考察了不同贵金属负载量的Pd/g-Al2O3和Pt/g-Al2O3催化剂的活性,及浸渍顺序对Pd-Pt/g-Al2O3双金属负载催化剂活性的影响,并测试了贵金属负载摩尔比不同的双金属负载催化剂的活性. Pt负载量0.025%(w)的催化剂在190℃将DME完全燃烧;Pd和Pt共同负载的催化剂[Pd:Pt=2:1(mol), Pt 0.025%(w), Pd 0.027%(w), Pt先负载]性能更好,在175℃将DME完全燃烧;200 h实验后2种催化剂活性降低均小于5%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。