1例Rh缺失型D--导致新生儿溶血病临床及家系的调查分析

目的分析1例受检产妇交叉配血不合及患儿新生儿溶血病(HDN)发生的原因,初步探讨产妇Rh缺失型D--形成的遗传背景。方法对产妇、其夫及患儿标本进行ABO及Rh血型鉴定,对产妇及患儿标本进行血型抗体检测,并对产妇家系作血型调查。结果产妇为Rh缺失型D--,产生IgG的多凝集抗体。结论产妇为Rh缺失型D--,产生IgG的多凝集抗体,是造成其交叉配血不合及患儿HDN发生的原因;产妇Rh缺失型D--形成,有一定遗传因素的影响。     

Bel亚型的血型血清学特征及其遗传背景分析

目的分析Bel亚型的血型血清学特征及其遗传背景。方法采用红细胞凝集试验检测先证者及其家庭成员红细胞上的A、B、H抗原和血清中的抗-A、抗-B抗体;凝集抑制试验检测唾液中的A、B、H血型物质;吸收放散试验检测红细胞表面是否存在B抗原。用序列特异性引物多聚酶链式反应技术(PCR-SSP)进行ABO血型基因分型。结果先证者与其父确定为Bel亚型;先证者的两个妹妹分别为ABel亚型和A型;先证者的母亲、配偶、女儿、儿子分别为A、AB、A和B型。结论Bel亚型有家族遗传性。     

皮内注射用卡介苗特异性鉴别试验多重PCR检测方法的建立及验证

目的建立皮内注射用卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine,BCG)特异性鉴别试验的多重PCR法,并进行验证。方法根据GenBank登录的Pasteur 1173P2株序列(AM408590. 1)设计并合成引物,以制备的BCG特异性鉴别试验国家参考品(简称BCG鉴别参考品)DNA为模板,多重PCR法扩增其特异性缺失区RD1,产物经3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,验证方法的重复性、中间精密度、特异性、耐用性及灵敏度;采用该方法检测8批皮内注射用BCG供试品。结果 BCG鉴别参考品在重复检测6次、2名检测人员分别重复检测3 d、不同PCR退火温度及不同DNA聚合酶加量时均扩增出约200 bp的核酸片段;最低可检10 pg/mL的目的基因,仅对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv及皮内注射用BCG样品DNA扩增出特异性条带。经该方法检测,8批供试品PCR产物电泳均可见单一的目的条带,无RD1序列存在,大小与BCG鉴别参考品一致。结论多重PCR法的重复性、中间精密度、特异性、耐用性及灵敏度良好,可应用于皮内注射用BCG特异性鉴别试验。     

口蹄疫病毒衣壳蛋自前体P1基因和蛋白酶3C基因的克隆及序列分析

［摘 要］目的 对口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）衣壳蛋白前体P1基因和蛋白酶3C基因进行PCR扩增、克隆和序列分析，了解FMDV基因型与血清型的相关性及分子免疫机理，便于疫苗株的选择。方法 应用RT－PCR方法扩增了 CC－1毒株的衣壳蛋白前体 P1基因和蛋白酶 3C基因，并将其克隆到pGEM-T easy载体上，分别构建含有P1基因和3C基因的两个重组质粒pGEMP1和pGEM3C，并进行核苷酸序列分析。结果CC-1株与相同血清型毒株P1基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列存在较高的同源性，与不同血清型毒株P1基因氨基酸序列的同源性差异显著，而不同血清型毒株的蛋白酶3C基因氨基酸序列的同源性均在 90％以上。结论 成功地克隆了 FMDV P1区基因和蛋白酶3C基因，为选择口蹄疫病毒疫苗株提供了背景材料。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2缺失变异株与经典美洲型毒株基因芯片鉴别方法的建立

目的建立高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)Nsp2缺失变异株与经典美洲型毒株基因芯片鉴别方法。方法根据高致病性PRRSV Nsp2缺失变异株与经典美洲型毒株(非缺失株)的核苷酸序列,设计扩增美洲型PRRSV保守序列和包含基因缺失区域的Nsp2基因片段的二重PCR引物,并设计长度为31～35nt的美洲型毒株通用寡核苷酸探针和非缺失株相对于变异株Nsp2基因缺失区域的探针,建立寡核苷酸芯片方法。检测该方法的特异性和灵敏度,并进行初步应用。结果通过杂交模式可清楚地区分经典毒株与缺失毒株;芯片探针与猪瘟病毒(Clas-sical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type2,PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)样品无非特异性杂交;芯片法与常规PCR法的灵敏度相近;对12份疑似高致病性PRRS猪病料的检测结果与常规PCR法一致。结论建立的芯片方法能够准确鉴别高致病性PRRSV Nsp2缺失变异株,可用于高致病性PRRSV的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

基于529bp高度重复序列的弓形虫PCR诊断方法的建立

目的建立基于529bp高度重复序列的弓形虫PCR诊断方法。方法以弓形虫基因组中529bp的高度重复序列为诊断靶基因设计引物,并以其为模板经PCR扩增该基因,与pMD18-T载体连接,构建pMD18/Tox529bp重组质粒,测序鉴定正确后,经稀释标定作为标准品。优化PCR反应体系及条件,并验证该方法的灵敏度及特异性。结果所构建的pMD18/Tox529bp重组质粒经测序正确,建立的PCR方法最低可检出10个拷贝的目的基因,除对弓形虫基因组DNA扩增出特异性条带外,用该方法对健康志愿者全血、正常小鼠全血、间日疟原虫、恶性疟原虫及结核杆菌基因组DNA均未扩增出特异性条带。结论已建立了一种具有较高灵敏度和特异性的弓形虫PCR诊断方法 ,有望应用于人和动物弓形虫感染的筛查、临床诊断及流行病学调查。     

肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗毒株84Fli株的M和S基因核苷酸序列分析

目的对肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗毒株84Fli株的M和S基因进行核苷酸序列分析,了解该毒种的基因稳定性。方法根据汉坦病毒标准株设计特异的PCR引物,用RT-PCR技术分段扩增疫苗株84FLi株的M和S基因片段,PCR产物纯化后直接测序,并进行遗传进化分析。结果疫苗株84FLi株M基因片段的核苷酸序列与GenBank中收录的HTN型毒株的M基因核苷酸序列的同源性为83.5%～99.9%,而与SEO型毒株的同源性为70.2%～72.0%。其S基因与HTN型毒株的同源性为85.9%～99.6%,与SEO型毒株的同源性为69.4%～70.8%。疫苗株84FLi株的M和S基因的氨基酸序列与GenBank中收录的HTN型汉坦病毒84FLi株M和S基因的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99.9%和99.5%。从遗传进化树上可以看出,疫苗株84FLi株与GenBank中收录的84FLi株位于一个独立的分支上,与其他HTN型病毒亚型分布于不同分支上,与其他HTN型病毒亚型亲缘关系较远。结论肾综合征出血热灭活疫苗毒株84FLi株M和S基因片段的核苷酸和氨基酸序列未发生较大变异,说明在传代过程中该疫苗株在基因水平上并未发生较大改变。     

人颗粒酶B的表达及抗原性初步分析

目的在原核系统表达人颗粒酶B(GrB)酶原型及活性型基因,并分析表达产物的抗原性。方法从人外周血淋巴细胞中抽提RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增人颗粒酶B序列,将其克隆至pGEX-5x-1表达质粒,与GST进行融合表达,用SDS-PAGE及Western blot对表达产物进行分析。结果所克隆的GrB序列与已报道的从人体分离出的GrB完全一致。酶原型和活性型GrB与GST的融合蛋白以包涵体的形式表达,其大小与预期结果一致,并能与GrB特异性抗体发生结合反应。结论已成功构建了GrB原核表达系统,酶原型及活性型GrB均具有抗原性。     

韶关地区人群ABO、Rh、MN、P及Jk~(a-b-)血型分布

目的了解韶关地区人群的ABO、Rh、MN、P及Jk(a-b-)血型的分布规律,为献血者招募及科学合理储存血液提供理论依据。方法采用U型96孔微量板法,对献血者血样进行ABO正反定型及Rh、MN、P血型检测,结果可疑者用试管法确认,并进行Jk(a-b-)表型筛查。结果ABO血型基因频率r>p>q,表型分布规律为O>A>B>AB;Rh(D)阴性占0.16%;A2亚型在AB型的检出率高于A型;MN血型的基因频率m>n,表型分布规律为MN>M>N;P血型的基因频率p2>p1,表型分布特征为P2>P1;Jk(a-b-)表型检出率为1∶22161.5。结论韶关地区血型分布以O型所占比例最多,且A型多于B型,A2亚型检出率高,Rh(D)阴性率低,Jk(a-b-)表型更低;应加大O型、A型献血者的招募并相应增加其库存量,特别是要加强Rh(D)阴性和Jk(a-b-)表型献血者的档案管理、Rh(D)阴性血液和Jk(a-b-)血液的冰冻保存工作及Jk(a-b-)人员的自身储血工作。     

乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗中猪圆环病毒PCR检测方法的建立及验证

目的建立乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗中猪圆环病毒1型(porcine circovirus 1,PCV1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)PCR检测方法,并进行验证及初步应用。方法参照Gen Bank中登录的PCV1(AY193712)及PCV2序列(AY181946)设计引物,以提取的PCV1和PCV2基因组DNA为模板,分别经PCR扩增726 bp的PCV1片段和433 bp的PCV2片段,并对PCR反应中的退火温度、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度参数进行优化。将PCR扩增产物分别与p MD18-T载体连接,连接产物转化感受态大肠埃希菌DH5α,挑取阳性克隆,测序并进行同源性分析。对优化的PCR方法进行灵敏度和特异性验证,并用该方法检测3批乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗工作种子批、4批明胶和10批胰蛋白酶中的PCV1和PCV2。结果确定PCR反应的退火温度为54℃,引物浓度为10μmol/L,Mg2+浓度为10 mmol∕L。扩增的目的基因测序结果与Gen Bank中发布的PCV1及PCV2序列的同源性均为100%。建立的PCR方法最低可检出10 pg的目的基因;该方法只对PCV1和PCV2基因组DNA能扩增出特异性条带。用该方法检测乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗工作种子批、明胶和胰蛋白酶,均未检出PCV1和PCV2。结论成功建立了乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗中PCV1和PCV2的PCR检测方法,该方法具有较高的灵敏度和较强的特异性,可用于乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗工作种子批及两种猪源性原材料的PCV1和PCV2污染检测。     

一种改良Rh血型基因及其单倍型频率估计方法的推导

目的推导出一种符合实际工作的Rh血型基因及其单倍型频率估计方法。方法基于目前普遍使用5种血清鉴定Rh血型的实际情况,根据Hardy-Weinberg定律,得出每种表现型频率和相应遗传型频率之间的关系,从而推导出计算Rh血型基因及其单倍型频率的公式;应用本文方法及另一种方法进行实例计算,并比较结果。结果计算结果显示,两种方法算出的P值均大于0.05,显示观察值与期望值差异无统计学意义,Hardy-Weinberg吻合度良好,但用本文方法算出的P值较大。结论本文方法符合目前检测Rh血型的实际情况,且估计其基因及单倍型频率的效率较高,是一种效果良好的改进型Rh血型单倍型频率估计方法。     

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Soybean GmLOR Gene Family and Expression Analysis in Response to Abiotic Stresses

The LOR (LURP-one related) family genes encode proteins containing a conserved LOR domain. Several members of the LOR family genes are required for defense against Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Hpa) in Arabidopsis. However, there are few reports of LOR genes in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, a genome-wide survey and expression levels in response to abiotic stresses of 36 LOR genes from Glycine max were conducted. The results indicated that the GmLOR gene family was divided into eight subgroups, distributed on 14 chromosomes. A majority of members contained three extremely conservative motifs. There were four pairs of tandem duplicated GmLORs and nineteen pairs of segmental duplicated genes identified, which led to the expansion of the number of GmLOR genes. The expansion patterns of the GmLOR family were mainly segmental duplication. A heatmap of soybean LOR family genes showed that 36 GmLOR genes exhibited various expression patterns in different tissues. The cis-acting elements in promoter regions of GmLORs include abiotic stress-responsive elements, such as dehydration-responsive elements and drought-inducible elements. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of GmLOR genes, and most of them were expressed in the leaf or root except that GmLOR6 was induced by osmotic and salt stresses. Moreover, GmLOR4/10/14/19 were significantly upregulated after PEG and salt treatments, indicating important roles in the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Overall, our study provides a foundation for future investigations of GmLOR gene functions in soybean.     

成骨不全症患者LEPRE1基因突变位点的筛查

目的对COL1A1和COL1A2基因突变检测为阴性的成骨不全症患者进行隐性致病基因LEPRE1的筛查。方法采集成骨不全患者外周血样,提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增LEPRE1基因,直接测序法进行突变检测;采用PolyPhen、Align GVGD和SIFT突变功能预测软件分析突变对蛋白功能的影响。结果检测到1例成骨不全症患者在LEPRE1基因第5号外显子发生碱基GGA>AGA,发现甘氨酸被精氨酸替换的1个杂合突变位点(c.1045G>A,p.Gly349Arg);其母亲和外祖父有相同杂合突变,家庭其他成员和200份健康对照样本未检测到该突变;PolyPhen、Align GVGD和SIFT软件预测结果表明,p.Gly349Arg突变很可能影响蛋白的正常功能。结论 LEPRE1基因c.1045G>A突变很可能是成骨不全症潜在的致病突变位点。     

Genome-Wide Identification,Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Chalcone Synthase Family in Maize

Members of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family participate in the synthesis of a series of secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. The metabolites play important roles in protecting land plants against various environmental stresses during the evolutionary process. Our research was conducted on comprehensive investigation of CHS genes in maize (Zea mays L.), including their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, chromosomal locations and expression analysis. Fourteen CHS genes (ZmCHS01–14) were identified in the genome of maize, representing one of the largest numbers of CHS family members identified in one organism to date. The gene family was classified into four major classes (classes I–IV) based on their phylogenetic relationships. Most of them contained two exons and one intron. The 14 genes were unevenly located on six chromosomes. Two segmental duplication events were identified, which might contribute to the expansion of the maize CHS gene family to some extent. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR and microarray data analyses suggested that ZmCHS genes exhibited various expression patterns, indicating functional diversification of the ZmCHS genes. Our results will contribute to future studies of the complexity of the CHS gene family in maize and provide valuable information for the systematic analysis of the functions of the CHS gene family.     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Two-Component System Genes in Tomato

The two-component system (TCS), which comprises histidine kinases (HKs), phosphotransfers (HPs), and response regulator proteins (RRs), plays pivotal roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. TCS genes have been comprehensively identified and investigated in various crops but poorly characterized in tomato. In this work, a total of 65 TCS genes consisting of 20 HK(L)s, six HPs, and 39 RRs were identified from tomato genome. The classification, gene structures, conserved domains, chromosome distribution, phylogenetic relationship, gene duplication events, and subcellular localization of the TCS gene family were predicted and analyzed in detail. The amino acid sequences of tomato TCS family members, except those of type-B RRs, are highly conserved. The gene duplication events of the TCS family mainly occurred in the RR family. Furthermore, the expansion of RRs was attributed to both segment and tandem duplication. The subcellular localizations of the selected green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins exhibited a diverse subcellular targeting, thereby confirming their predicted divergent functionality. The majority of TCS family members showed distinct organ- or development-specific expression patterns. In addition, most of TCS genes were induced by abiotic stresses and exogenous phytohormones. The full elucidation of TCS elements will be helpful for comprehensive analysis of the molecular biology and physiological role of the TCS superfamily.     

辣根过氧化物酶基因与血管内皮生长因子基因的连接及克隆

目的连接辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)基因与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因并进行克隆。方法用RT-PCR法从人肺肿瘤组织获得VEGF165基因,从含有HRPC3基因的质粒pMDC3EX中扩增得到HRPC3基因,将两种目的基因通过连接肽相应DNA序列进行连接,再以带有特定酶切位点的引物进行PCR,然后将目的基因插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中克隆,并进行序列分析。再将重组质粒转入毕赤酵母中,筛选阳性克隆,提取基因组DNA,采用PCR法鉴定。结果用PCR扩增的VEGF165基因和HRPC3基因片段与预期相符,将二者连接后,克隆到pPIC9K质粒中,经DNA测序证明重组基因与公开发表的相同DNA同源性为97.3%。经PCR鉴定,目的基因已转入毕赤酵母中。结论已成功将辣根过氧化物酶基因与血管内皮生长因子基因连接并克隆。     

Identification of CDPK Gene Family in Solanum habrochaites and Its Function Analysis under Stress

Tomato is an important vegetable crop. In the process of tomato production, it will encounter abiotic stress, such as low temperature, drought, and high salt, and biotic stress, such as pathogen infection, which will seriously affect the yield of tomato. Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) is a class of major calcium signal receptor which has an important regulatory effect on the perception and decoding of calcium signals. CDPK plays a key role in many aspects of plant growth, such as the elongation of pollen tubes, plant growth, and response to biotic and abiotic stress. While some studies have concentrated on Arabidopsis and pepper, Solanum habrochaites is a wild species relative of cultivated tomato and there is no report on CDPK in Solanum habrochaites to date. Using tomato genomic data, this study identified 33 members of the CDPK gene family. Evolutionary analysis divides family members into four Asian groups, of which the CDPK family members have 11 gene replication pairs. Subcellular location analysis showed that most proteins were predicted to be located in the cytoplasm, and less protein existed on the cell membrane. Not all CDPK family members have a transmembrane domain. Cis regulatory elements relating to light, hormones, and drought stress are overrepresented in the promoter region of the CDPK genes in Solanum habrochaites. The expression levels of each gene under biotic stress and abiotic stress were quantified by qRT-PCR. The results showed that members of the CDPK family in Solanum habrochaites respond to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them, the expression of ShCDPK6 and ShCDPK26 genes change significantly. ShCDPK6 and ShCDPK26 genes were silenced using VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing), and the silenced plants illustrated reduced stress resistance to Botrytis cinerea, cold, and drought stress. The results of this study will provide a basis for the in-depth study of the CDPK gene family in Solanum habrochaites, laying the foundation for further analysis of the function of the gene family.