国内商情

今年化工市场趋势预测 畅销品种硫酸,盐酸,液氯,钛白粉,硫酸铜,纯苯,甲苯,二甲苯,萘,氯化苯,邻硝基氯苯,甲醇,乙醇,丁醇,辛醇,新戊二醇,季戊四醇,甘油,冰醋酸,己二酸对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,偏苯三酸酐,醋酐,顺酐,苯酐,苯酚,壬基酚,对甲酚,间甲酚,间对甲酚,苯胺,己内酰胺,尼龙66盐,丙烯酸酯类,聚乙烯醇,聚氯乙烯,聚乙烯,聚     

我国西部地区主要非金属矿产资源

省 (区 )探明矿种数 储量丰富矿种备　　注四川(含重庆 ) 30水泥用石灰岩及配料 ,饰面石材 ,石膏 ,白云岩 ,晶质石墨 ,重晶石 ,耐火粘土 ,石榴石 ,硅藻土 ,铸石原料 ,石棉贵州 2 7水泥原料 ,玻璃原料 ,砖瓦粘土 ,饰面石材地质工作程度相对较低。云南 52石灰岩 ,玻璃用砂 ,大理石 ,石膏 ,硅藻土 ,硅灰石 ,宝玉石陕西 53 玻璃石英砂 ,重晶石 ,萤石 ,滑石 ,熔剂岩甘肃 2 6石棉 ,红柱石 ,铸型粘土 ,饰面蛇纹岩 ,石灰岩 ,白云岩 ,硅石 ,水泥用黄土等青海 56石棉 ,石英岩 ,石灰岩 ,粘土类 ,玄武岩 ,白云岩 ,石膏 ,硅灰石 ,长石 ,天然碱等地质工作…     

国内商情

无机化工 1.畅销品种 硫酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,磷酸,亚磷酸,铬酐,电解锌,硫铁矿,结晶硅,金属锰,炭黑,液氯,黄磷,赤磷,氧气,氮气,双氧水,活性氧化锌,钛白粉,气相白炭黑,液体二氧化硫,氧化镁,液     

机立窑安全操作三字经(连载九)——异常窑况 垮边、掉洞、抽心操作

机立窑,运行中,在局部,有漏空;塌在边,叫垮边;塌二肋,称掉洞;中塌陷,叫抽心。怎操作,i己,心中:性相近,操作同;先停却,观窑中,视情节,分轻重;轻塌者,用中风,先返火,窑面红,撬大块,补洞洞,撒点煤,用小风,必要时,钎引风,数十分,即成功。严重者,情不同,多数时,结窑重,停加却,用中风,全窑料,都烧红,打结圈,填洞洞,若遇见,最严重,填熟料,或砖头,后红块,再木柴,加点煤,‘J、风焙;余操作,似火偏,挤压插,记心间;压快口,提弱边,渐加风,把煤减,勤慢却,不粘边,撬快口,补弱边,多瓜次,底火全,转正常,处理完。机立窑安全操作三字经(连载九)——异常窑况 垮…     

商品价格

上海近期化工原料市场价格硫酸375,纯碱1050,固碱2420,黄磷6500,浓硝酸1700,硝钠1300,亚硝钠2000,氧化锌8000,钛白粉(金红石型)14000,液氨1350。烟煤204,无烟煤176,重油760,柴油(0~#)1720,汽油(70~#)3350、(90~#)3500,石蜡(58℃)3800,溶剂油1800,纯苯2300,甲苯2850,二甲苯2800,萘4200,甲醇1400,乙醇2800,丁醇4800,辛醇5100,乙二醇3500,甘油(96%)9500,苯酐5100,冰醋酸3700,硬脂酸8000,丙烯酸甲酯8500,DOP6600,DBP6650,甲醛1000,丙酮3600,苯酚5400,     

有机电解合成参考书目

西文 1 Eberson, Schafer, Organic Electrochemistry, Springer, 1971 2 Fry, Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry, Harper, 1972 3 Rifi, Covitz, Introduction to Organic Electrochemistry, Marcel Dekker, 1974 4 Kyriacon, Basics of Electroorganic Synthesis, John Wiley ＆ Sons, 1981 5 Mann, Banles, Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems, Marcel Dekker, 1970 6 Furmkin, Ershler, Frogress in Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds, Plenum, 1971 7 Tomilov et al., Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds, Halsted, 1972     

《化工学报》2014年第一作者单位刊出论文统计

<正>发表1篇文章的单位有:The Ohio State University,安徽农业大学,北京低碳清洁能源研究所,北京航空航天大学,北京林业大学,北京市环境保护科学研究院,北卡莱罗纳州立大学,渤海大学,重庆科技学院,大连交通大学,福州大学,广东工业大学,广东轻工职业技术学院,广西民族大学,广州大学,桂林理工大学,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,哈尔滨商业大学,哈尔滨师范大学,河北大学,河海大学,河南大学,河南科技大学,河南师范大学,湖南科技大学,华北水利水电大学,华东交通大学,华侨大学,淮阴工学院,淮阴师范学院,吉林大学,嘉兴学院,江苏第二师范学院,解放军理工大学,兰州交通大学,廊坊师范学院,丽水学院,辽宁工业大学,辽宁石油化工大学,南昌航空大学,南华大学,南京大学,     

从醋酸生产乙醇的过程

正在第一金属,硅酸盐载体和至少一种载体改性剂存在下醋酸加氢反应选择性生产乙醇的过程。优先地,第一金属从由铜,铁,钴,镍,钌,铑,钯,锇,铱,铂,钛,锌,铬,铼,钼和钨组成的基团中选择。另外,催化剂可能包含第二金属,优先从由铜,钼,锡,铬,铁,钴,钒,钨,钯,铂,镧,铯,锰,钌,铼,金和镍组成的基团中选择。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉中20种元素含量

采用微波消解对天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉样品进行处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定其B,Na,Mg,Al,P,K,Ca,Ti,V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Rb,Sr,Mo,Ba 20种元素的含量。结果表明,与染色绿色棉相比,天然绿色棉中B,Mg,P,K,Ti,Mn,Rb,Sr,Mo元素含量显著偏高(概率P0.05),Na,Zn,Ba元素含量显著偏低(P0.05),采用聚类分析(最短距离法)对样品中20种元素含量进行处理,可正确判断天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉。     

腐植酸改碱肥料在西部绿化开发中的应用

生态环境革命是二十一世纪世界发展的主题,而绿色是生态环境的中心,盐碱土绿化是世界难题,多年来国内外学者一直探讨改良的捷径,据统计,我国有5．2亿亩盐碱地,分布在23个省,市,自治区,北方多为微碱性,碱性土壤,盐碱程度重的100多个城市,东北,华北地区的大庆,德州及天津,黄骅,东营等市,西部地区包括银川,内,蒙,宁夏,甘肃,陕西,青海,西藏有盐碱地2．12亿亩,盐碱是制约西部园林绿化的难点,山东省德州市盐碱土绿化研究所,历时十年的艰辛探索,研究出新型腐植酸改碱肥料。“园艺盐碱土改良肥”,1994年通过省级鉴定,1997年获山东省科技进步三等奖,目前已在全国十余省包括天津,银川,大庆,盐城,兰州等地推广应用。     

2010～2011年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2010年7月～2011年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2010～2011年世界塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS树脂),工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚),特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮),通用热固性树脂(酚醛、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

Fireclay Refractory Bricks for Hot Blast Stove

This standard specifies the classification, shape, dimension, technical requirements, test method, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certification of fireclay refractory bricks for hot blast stove.     

Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone

The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.     

中低温煤焦油蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移规律

以中低温煤焦油轻油和重油为实验原料,采用常压蒸馏获得170~200℃、200~240℃、240~270℃、270~300℃、300~320℃、320~340℃、340~360℃和360~390℃煤焦油馏分油;利用配有油品加氧制冷进样系统的ICP-OES测定了21种微量元素在馏分油中的含量,考察了不同馏分油中元素的分布情况。研究表明：在原煤焦油中,未发现Ag、Mg、Mo、Na、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量较高的元素有Sn、P、Al、Pb、Si,其中Sn元素在轻油和重油中的含量分别为11.78μg/g和14.04μg/g;在所有馏分油中,未发现Al、Mo、Fe、Mn、Cr及Ti元素,含量比较高的元素有Si、Sn、Na、Zn、Pb,特别是Si、Na、Sn、Zn、Ni、Pb及B元素可以有效富集于馏分油中。可能的原因是Ca、Fe、Mg、Al等金属以不同的盐类形态存在,在煤焦油脱水及<170℃蒸馏过程中,这些金属盐类会被部分带出,导致其在馏分油中的含量未富集或未检出;通过关联金属元素在馏分油中的分布与其组成的关系,馏分油中元素的分布可能与酚类化合物、杂环化合物和蒸馏温度等相关。酚类化合物及杂环化合物可能与Ag、B、Cu、Mo、Sn、Na、Zn、Ca、Pb等金属形成络合物或卟啉配合物,蒸馏温度一方面可以破坏Sn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ca、Pb等元素在馏分油中的结合力,另一方面也可以促进这些元素与馏分油中的含氧、含氮等化合物更好地发生化合反应,进而影响金属元素在馏分油中的含量分布。     

陶瓷名物探源二则

匋、陶、窑(窯)上古皆读成舌头音,意义又相通,实际为一个意义上先后产生的几个形体不同的字,先民以陶(匋)既称呼窑灶,又指窑灶出品之物,又指制作陶器;坏(坯)、瓶、瓬、瓿、甂、缶、钵、皿、杯(盃)、盆(瓫)均指窑灶所出之物或后世模仿窑灶出品之物,其字皆由重唇音演变而来,亦为同胞兄弟的同源词。     

抗菌防腐剂（Ⅰ）—抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类

简要回顾了抗菌防腐剂的发展历程,进一步明确了杀菌剂,抑菌剂,抗菌剂,防腐剂,防霉剂,消毒剂,杀生剂,保鲜剂,抗生素的概念。同时,结合抗菌防腐剂的发展在对抗菌防腐剂按无机物,有机物和天然物分类的基础上,进一步又按化学结构和官能团将抗菌剂分为有机金属,有机卤代物,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,醌,酸,酯,含氮类,含硫类,有机磷,有机砷类以及杂环类等。     

典型过程强化技术在纳米材料制备中的应用进展

纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域.传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足.过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现...     

铋系半导体光催化剂研究进展

铋系半导体材料具有特殊的层状结构以及合适的带隙,具有良好的可见光响应能力以及稳定的光化学特性,作为一类新型的环境友好型光催化剂在环境修复与解决能源危机等领域受到广泛关注,已成为近年来的研究热点。然而,铋系半导体光催化剂距离实际大规模应用仍存在一些亟需解决的问题,如光生载流子复合率高、对可见光谱的响应范围有限、光催化活性较差、还原能力较弱等。本文首先介绍了铋系半导体材料的典型特征、制备方法与反应机理,在此基础上着重阐述了铋系半导体光催化在形貌调控、构建异质结、离子掺杂、碳质材料掺杂、贵金属沉积、染料敏化等改性手段的研究进展以及在降解水体污染物、杀菌消毒、空气净化、制氢、还原CO2、有机合成等领域的应用成果。最后对铋系半导体光催化剂的未来前景做出展望,指出其未来的研究方向应致力于从多手段耦合改性、拓展其应用领域以及深入探究反应机理等方面开展。     

Low-molecular weight organic compositions of acid waters from vegetable oil soapstocks

Alkaline extracts (soapstocks) from canola, corn, cottonseed, peanut, soybean, and sunflower oil refining were acidified, and identities and concentrations of the low-molecular weight organic components of the resulting acid waters were determined by gas chromatography, followed by mass spectroscopy, and by high-performance liquid chromatography. The main components of each acid water sample, in order of decreasing concentration and after omitting the fermentation product lactic acid, were phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from canola;myo-inositol, phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate andmyo-inositol-1-phosphate from corn; glycerol, α-glycerophosphate,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from cottonseed; phosphoric acid, glycerol, andmyo-inositol from peanut; α-glycerophospho-1-myo-inositol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from soybean; and α-glycerophosphate, glycerol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from sunflower.