玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料制孔损伤

为抑制玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料（GF/PP）制孔损伤并提高其制孔效率,本文通过钻削实验获得多种进给速度下的GF/PP复合材料钻削轴向力和出口温度,使用高速摄影设备对刀具钻出过程进行在线观测,研究出口材料去除过程及其损伤成因,分析进给速度对GF/PP复合材料制孔损伤的影响规律。结果表明：GF/PP复合材料的钻削出口温度在低速进给时显著升高,在高速进给时基本趋于稳定;出口撕裂是重要的出口损伤形式,成因是大片毛刺受副切削刃的撞击和撕挤,进给速度过高或过低均会加剧损伤; 0°毛刺在低速进给时较严重,入口撕裂在高速进给时较严重。     

玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合纱拉挤型材制备及其性能研究

以玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合纱为原料,采用拉挤成型方式制备连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料,通过组建的拉挤试验线获得了拉挤型材试样,探究了复合纱穿纱方式、模具型腔结构、模具温度和拉挤速率对制品性能的影响,并观察其截面形态。结果表明：采用收敛式型腔结构、提高模具温度、降低拉挤速率,可有效改善玻纤/树脂间结合能力,提高纤维在制品中的分布均匀性,降低制品的孔隙率,提高其力学性能。     

GF/PP复合纱针织物预型件的线圈密度对复合材料拉伸性能的影响

研究了由GF/PP复合纱编织而成的1+1罗纹针织物预型件的线圈密度对热压成型后的玻璃纤维针织物增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的影响。对6种由不同线圈密度的GF/PP复合纱1+1罗纹针织物预型件经热压得到的复合材料进行的拉伸性能测试研究表明:随着复合纱针织物预型件线圈密度的逐渐增大,复合成型后的复合材料的拉伸强度先逐渐增大,而后稍有降低;断裂伸长的变化趋势则恰恰相反。光学显微镜和扫描电镜照片研究表明:随着针织物预型件线圈密度的增大,成型后的复合材料的空隙率减小,纤维/基体分布更加均匀;与此同时,线圈的曲率半径减小,玻璃纤维脆断现象加剧。      

不同铺层方式下连续玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合材料波纹夹芯板的力学性能

制备了多种铺层方式的连续玻璃纤维/聚丙烯（GF/PP）复合材料波纹夹芯板,并研究了GF/PP复合材料波纹夹芯板的平压性能和弯曲性能。结果显示:面板相同时,增加芯板厚度可大大增加夹芯板整体的平压性能;芯板相同时,面板的铺层方式对夹芯板的平压性能有一定影响,且面板含有0°和90°铺层的波纹夹芯板具有最高的平压模量,为59.55 MPa,而单纯增加面板厚度对提升波纹夹芯板的平压性能影响不大;面板铺层方式对弯曲性能具有较大影响,面板为0°铺层的波纹夹芯板具有最高的横向弯曲模量,为783.66 MPa,面板为90°铺层的波纹夹芯板具有最高的纵向弯曲模量,为732.09 MPa;面板为单向铺层（0°或90°铺层）时,会使夹芯板另一方向（纵向或横向）的弯曲性能形成短板。      

红外辅助自动纤维铺放工艺对连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料结构与性能影响

与激光、热风加热相比,红外加热具有低成本、低污染等突出优势,是低熔点热塑性复合材料自动纤维铺放(Automated fiber placement,AFP)成形的理想热源。但是,红外辅助AFP工艺参数耦合性强,对成形精度、缺陷形成与宏观性能的影响尚不清晰,缺乏相关工艺的数据积累。本文针对红外辅助AFP原位成形工艺,通过调控铺放压力和速度制备了连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料单向层合板,研究了铺放温度与压力对减薄效应、翘曲变形、结晶度和孔隙率的影响,进一步探究了结构和缺陷对弯曲强度、层间剪切强度等宏观力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：温度过高会导致严重的减薄效应,过低则会导致高孔隙率;成形压力过高会造成严重的翘曲和纤维变形,降低层间剪切强度。通过对温度和压力的合理控制,可使孔隙率降至1%,满足民机复合材料构件2%阈值的要求;试样弯曲强度高达466 MPa,与热压成形相比仅降低6%。     

Interlaminar fatigue crack propagation in continuous glass fiber/polypropylene composites

The mode II interlaminar fatigue crack propagation behavior of unidirectional continuous glass fiber (GF) composites with a polypropylene (PP) matrix obtained under three different molding conditions has been studied with the use of the end-notch flexure (ENF) geometry. The microstructure and mechanical performance, especially the interlaminar fatigue crack propagation, are strongly affected by the molding conditions. Comparative results reveal a major influence of the fiber–matrix interface and the matrix morphology on the crack propagation resistance. The distribution of the ductile amorphous PP phase in the semi-crystalline PP matrix appears to be the controlling parameter determining the fatigue crack propagation resistance of the PP/GF composite. Fractographic observations clearly showed the role of this phase.     

玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合材料界面研究

采用γ射线预辐照固相接枝和偶联剂分别对聚丙稀粉粒 (PP)和玻璃纤维 (GF)进行表面改性 .研究接枝PP在基体中的含量、玻璃纤维经偶联剂处理对复合材料层间剪切强度 (ILSS)、拉伸强度的影响 .通过SEM对复合材料的拉伸断口进行了分析 .     

Preparation and properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced anionic polyamide-6 thermoplastic composites

Continuous glass fiber (GF) reinforced anionic polyamide-6 (APA6) composites were prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam monomers. The effects of catalyst content, polymerization temperature and time on the viscosity average molar mass (M_v) and degree of crystallinity (X_c) were investigated in detail. The final mechanical properties of GF/APA6 composites were also studied. The results indicated that both high molecular weight and the high degree of crystallinity of resin matrix lead to the high mechanical properties of composites. Furthermore, the mechanical test results showed that the composites of plain woven fabric had tensile strength of 434 MPa and flexural strength of 407 MPa. The morphologies of tensile fracture surfaces of the composites specimens were observed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The SEM analysis showed that many disorganized nano-fiber crystals appear in the tensile fracture surfaces, which improve the mechanical properties of the matrix resin. The mechanical properties of the composites with different post-heat treatments were further investigated. The mechanical properties of the composites are significantly reduced after quenching treatment, but hardly improved after annealing.     

Non-isothermal forming of glass fiber/polypropylene commingled yarn fabric composites

The commingled glass fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) composites were fabricated using a double-belt press and the influence of temperature and velocity on the consolidation quality and mechanical performance of the composites were investigated. The contents and distribution of the voids in the composites were changed with varying the level of the processing parameters, and the composite tensile and flexural properties were dramatically decreased when the void contents were beyond 3.6%. Reducing the viscosity of the matrix or increasing the uniformity of fibers in the commingled yarns was important to improve the consolidation quality. But the production efficiency was not improved as hoped by increasing the velocity at higher temperatures because of the weakened interfacial bonding. The crystal form and crystallinity degree had no obvious changes under different processing conditions, but the composite mechanical performance was enhanced when the degree of order in the crystal structures was decreased, which might be caused by more effective stress transferring or less initial cracks.     

连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带熔融预浸过程

采用熔融浸渍法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GF/PP）热塑预浸带,研究了PP熔体浸渍连续GF束过程。采用旋转流变仪对PP进行测试分析,结果显示其流变特性符合Carreau模型。以达西定律为理论基础,结合浸渍模具结构参数、材料物性参数及相应工艺参数,推导了Carreau流体树脂浸渍连续GF束的理论模型。在不同浸渍温度与牵引速度下进行实验以验证浸渍模型的准确,实验结果与理论值相符。利用浸渍模型分析模具结构参数及工艺参数对浸渍程度的影响,结果表明,通过增加模具浸渍辊数目、增大浸渍辊半径、减小辊间距及提高浸渍温度等方法可提高浸渍程度。     

The influence of sizing conditions on bending properties of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

In this study, the interphase construction by using binding agents was proposed in continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Two types of binding agents modified with maleic anhydride, i.e. low- and high-molecular-weight PP binders were employed. Amino silane coupling agent was also used for the sizing of the glass fibers. In the first step, the sizing conditions with non-binding, low- and high-molecular-weight PP binders were compared for bending properties. According to the near infra-red (NIR) analysis of the sized glass fibers, the glass fiber finished with the low-molecular-weight PP binders greatly indicated the existence of the amide bond between the PP binder and the silane coupling agent. This result implies that the matrix PP chain tends to entwine with the PP binder chain. As a consequence, low-molecular-weight PP binder specimens gave the highest bending strength. Furthermore, the concentration ratio of the low-molecular-weight PP binder was varied with three steps. Matrix PP modified with maleic anhydride was also used in order to investigate the effect of matrix modification on bending properties. The interphase structure formed by a binder agent and a silane coupling agent in the continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites was discussed in detail.     

Flexural and impact response of woven glass fiber fabric/polypropylene composites

Impact tests with a falling dart and flexural measurements were carried out on polypropylene based laminates reinforced with glass fibers fabrics. Research has shown that the strong fiber/matrix interface obtained through the use of a compatibilizer increased the mechanical performance of such composite systems. The improved adhesion between fibers and matrix weakly affects the flexural modulus but strongly influences the ultimate properties of the investigated woven fabric composites. In fact, bending tests have shown a clear improvement in the flexural strength for the compatibilized systems, in particular when a high viscosity/high crystallinity polypropylene was used. On the contrary, the low velocity impact tests indicated an opposite dependence on the interface strength, and higher energy absorption in not compatibilized composites was detected. This result has been explained in terms of failure mechanisms at the fiber/matrix interface, which are able to dissipate large amounts of energy through friction phenomena. Pull-out of fibers from the polypropylene matrices have been evidenced by the morphological analysis of fracture surfaces after failure and takes place before the fibers breakage, as confirmed by the evaluation of the ductility index.     

Quasi-static penetration resistance behavior of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Quasi-static penetration resistance of a composite structure represents the energy dissipating capacity of the structure under transverse loading without dynamic and rate effects. In this paper, a comparative study of the quasi-static penetration resistance behavior of S-2 Glass/SC-15, S-2 Glass/HDPE and E-Glass/HDPE composite systems with varying thicknesses, i.e., 1.4–8.4-mm, is presented using the Quasi-Static Punch Shear Test (QS-PST) methodology developed earlier. The penetration resistance behavior is usually presented by a series of force–displacement graphs at different support conditions, the integral of which is the energy dissipated by the composite during the quasi-static penetration at corresponding support conditions. The penetration energy varies with the diameter of the support span which is usually higher than the punch diameter, and also with the thickness of the composite laminate. During QS-PST experiments, a flat punch of diameter 7.6-mm with a range of support spans 8.89–50.8-mm has been used to obtain varying support span to punch diameter ratios (i.e., SPR = D_S/D_P = 1.16, 1.33, 1.67, 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, etc.). In order to compare the penetration resistance behavior of three different material systems, the S-2 Glass/SC-15, S-2 Glass/HDPE and E-Glass/HDPE composites of identical layer counts are used and the S-2 Glass/SC15 composite system is considered as the baseline. Composite plate specimens are sectioned after the test and then dipped into an ink–alcohol solution to study the damage mechanisms at different SPRs. Non-linear penetration stiffness and an average penetration resistance force are defined to quantify the average penetration resistance of each material. S-2 Glass and E-Glass reinforced HDPE composite material showed lower stiffness, lower peak force, higher deflection, lower damage area, and lower energy dissipation as compared to the baseline. A detailed comparison of results is presented.     

Intra/inter-ply shear behaviors of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in thermoforming processes

The thermoforming of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composite panels generally involves significant in-plane shear deformation. In the present work, the in-plane shear behavior of woven thermoplastic composites (Carbon/Polyphenylene Sulfide) over a range of processing temperatures is studied by bias-test experiments at different velocities. The experimental data of force versus displacement and force versus shear strain are presented for different extension velocities and temperatures. A thermo-visco-elastic model for numerical simulations of woven thermoplastic composite forming is proposed considering the influences of temperature and of strain rate. We applied a large displacement three-dimensional cohesive element with eight nodes which has been used for crack analysis in fracture mechanics by other authors, to investigate the inter-ply shear mechanism of woven thermoplastic composites. Applying three-dimensional cohesive elements, multi-plies forming simulations are performed to show inter-ply slip behaviors at different temperatures. The proposed models can be useful to predict from the properties of reinforcement and resin the intra/inter-ply shear behaviors of woven thermoplastic composites at high temperatures if experimental characterization of composite laminate behaviors is difficult to conduct.