印刷服务碳足迹评价方法及碳排放计算器的开发

以印刷服务业为研究对象进行了碳足迹评价,建立了适用于印刷服务的碳足迹评价模型,并在此基础上开发了一款碳排放计算器。通过对4家典型书刊印刷企业的实地调研,完善了实施碳足迹评价的数据收集方案,获得了来自于行业的实际初级数据和次级数据,包括印前、印刷、印后加工3个阶段的碳排放系数,为碳排放计算器的研发打下基础。基于生命周期法的印刷服务碳足迹评价方法能够较好地确定印刷服务的碳排放源,研发的碳排放计算器有助于印刷企业计算企业内部的"碳成本"消耗情况。60多家印刷企业的试用结果表明,该碳排放计算器的企业满意度高达83%,实现节能减排30%,管理成本下降3.6%,企业平均利润上升2.5%。这一结果表明,所研发的计算器能较好地反映印刷服务的碳排放水平,从而有利于指导行业有效开展低碳减排工作,为客户在全行业内比较产品和服务时提供比较精确的计算方法。     

基于风险承受力的石油企业最优投资决策

通过引进风险承受力理念,改进Markowitz投资组合模型进行项目选择,辅以MAUT多属性分析技术作为财务、技术、环境、地质等因素的综合决策依据,并运用某石油企业的实际数据进行实证分析检验。研究将决策者对管理属性的风险承受力、相对重要性等因素加以综合考虑,通过建立决策分析与投资组合管理之间的联系,提升整体的决策过程,最终促进企业业绩的价值提升。     

城市交通碳排放影响因素实证研究——来自京津沪渝面板数据的证据

控制城市交通碳排放是我国建设低碳城市的关键,而识别城市交通碳排放的影响因素是采取有效措施的首要前提.现有相关研究主要集中于碳排放的计算和碳排放控制策略的定性分析,缺少城市交通碳排放影响因素的定量研究.在传统的GDP、人口规模、车辆拥有量指标的基础上,引入客运周转量、货运周转量、公交车比重等指标,以京、津、沪、渝的面板数...     

外包情境下品牌商主导的绿色供应链减排决策分析

针对外包情境下品牌商主导的绿色供应链,考虑产品全外包与制造外包两种情境,分别构建集中式决策、分散式决策博弈模型,得到各主体相应的最优决策。研究结果表明,无论是全外包还是制造外包情境下,相比分散式决策,集中式决策时的碳减排水平更高;同时,无论采取何种决策方式,全外包情境下能达到更高的碳减排水平。通过数值分析探讨碳减排成本系数和碳回扣系数对最优订购量、碳排放总量以及供应链利润的影响。     

垂直定向碳纳米管的化学气相沉积法制备及其应用进展

垂直定向碳纳米管独特的结构和性能使其成为碳纳米管领域的研究热点,而可控制备是其重点研究方向之一。概述了近年来垂直定向碳纳米管的常用制备方法(热化学气相沉积和等离子体增强化学气相沉积)及其影响因素,以及垂直定向碳纳米管在热界面、光电、场发射和传感器方面的研究进展,重点介绍了一些具有优异性能的研究领域以及存在的问题。     

碳税与减排补贴下混合双寡头企业竞合博弈研究

针对低碳减排背景下，混合双寡头市场中企业与政府的最优决策问题，构建私有企业与部分私有化的公有企业古诺竞争博弈模型、伯特兰德竞争博弈模型以及合作模型。比较3种模型下两企业的最优减排量与产量决策，政府的最优碳税率与减排补贴率决策，两企业目标利润，社会福利与环境污染，并探讨公有企业的私有化水平对最优减排、碳税率、减排补贴率的影响。研究表明：在合作时，两企业有更大的减排力度；在竞争时，公有企业加深私有化水平会促使行业整体提高减排水平；无论是在企业竞争还是合作情形，随着公有企业私有化水平的提高，政府减排措施应该由以碳税为主转变为以碳减排补贴为主。     

碳限额及交易下低碳补贴和低碳宣传成本分摊的双渠道供应链联合减排策略

为了研究碳限额及交易下考虑低碳补贴和零售商低碳宣传的双渠道供应链联合减排策略问题,构建由一个制造商和一个零售商组成双渠道供应链,分别建立碳减排补贴与低碳宣传的双渠道供应链集中式决策模型以及无碳减排补贴且无低碳宣传成本分摊、有碳减排补贴但无低碳宣传成本分摊、碳减排补贴且低碳宣传成本分摊的双渠道供应链分散式决策模型,分析其最优决策,并指出政府碳减排补贴、碳减排成本和低碳宣传成本分摊能够实现双渠道供应链协调。研究结果表明,在碳限额及交易下,最优碳减排率、最优低碳宣传水平和双渠道供应链利润与政府补贴比例、低碳偏好对需求的影响系数、低碳宣传对线上消费者需求的影响系数、低碳宣传对线下消费者需求的影响系数都成正向变化关系;最优碳减排率、最优低碳宣传水平和双渠道供应链利润与低碳宣传成本系数、最优碳减排成本系数成反向变化关系;最优碳减排率与碳排放交易价格成正向变化关系,而最优低碳宣传水平、双渠道供应链利润与碳排放交易价格成反向变化关系。     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料及成型工艺与应用研究进展

目的 碳纤维树脂基复合材料的可设计性和性能优越性使得碳纤维及其树脂基复合材料的应用范围不断拓展.文章简述了碳纤维的性能、发展和分类,研究碳纤维树脂基复合材料的性能影响因素、成型工艺及应用领域,探索其未来研究的发展方向.方法 采用文献调研法,梳理和汇总国内外关于碳纤维树脂基复合材料的制备及应用研究,分析国内外关于其性能影响因素、成型工艺和应用领域的研究进展.结论 碳纤维树脂基复合材料性能受碳纤维含量、基体和碳纤维界面结合性能等因素的影响.国内碳纤维树脂基复合材料的成型技术主要以传统成型工艺为主,不同性能要求和结构特点的构件采用不同成型工艺.应用范围从航空航天、军工领域不断拓展至民用领域,生产制备的高效能化和低成本化是其未来发展方向.此外,环境问题及碳纤维的回收利用是未来碳纤维及其复合材料应用的关键问题.     

Operational and environmental decisions for a two-stage supply chain under vendor managed consignment inventory partnership

Supply-chain-based organisations are nowadays facing intense pressure to abide to environmental regulatory requirements while they are striving to be responsive to customers’ needs at the least cost possible. As supply chain activities are among the top contributors to carbon emissions, several recent research works have investigated the impact of carbon regulation policies on economic and environmental supply chain performance. This paper presents integrated economic and environmental models for the one-vendor one-buyer supply chain problem under a vendor managed consignment inventory (VMCI) arrangement. Through the developed models, we study the impacts of two carbon reduction policies, namely carbon cap and carbon tax policies, on supply chain wide costs and carbon emissions. We first provide a much simpler and more compact formulation for the basic single-vendor single-buyer supply chain under VMCI agreement. We also present an environmental-based VMCI model where reduction of carbon footprint is considered as the only objective function. We then extend these two basic models to include each of the two carbon emissions reduction policies. We identify structural properties for the optimal solutions of the two hybrid economic and environmental models and propose algorithms to generate optimal solutions. The results of the computational experiments reveal that the implementation of carbon reduction policies, through carbon cap and carbon tax, may call for the adjustment of the vendor’s production and buyer’s delivery quantities to reduce carbon footprint without significantly increasing the operational costs.     

Spatial information systems for emission reduction

In this presentation, we discuss the heightened role of spatial informatics on both ‘sides’ of the Kyoto process, i.e. in direct emission reduction in intelligent transport, and in indirect processes and the feedback of interventions, as in land use and forest management. The development of intelligent infrastructure has an acute role in the reduction of direct emission. The embedding of infocommunication technologies increases the effectiveness of the systems, and this results in significant energy savings. Intelligent transport based on geospatial information systems is among the most important intelligent infrastructures. This article analyses the role of spatial informatics in the reduction of the environmentally damaging effects of transport. Furthermore, various indirect processes contribute to emission reduction. One is monitoring the actual environmental impact of applied emission reduction solutions, e.g. in the area of land use and forest management. Therefore, spatial informatics has a key role in the factual determination of actual environmental conditions, in the preparation of human interventions directed towards the improvement of these, in decision-making and in the impact analysis of these interventions. The article analyses the possibilities of the use of geospatial tools in monitoring the factual effects of afforestation in the framework of carbon dioxide trade related to the Kyoto process.     

不同碳排放政策下考虑碳减排投入的供应链协调

在考虑碳减排技术投入下,为了实现不同碳排放政策下的供应链协调,通过建立集中式和分散式决策下的供应链模型,根据供应链协调的条件,给出了供应链实现协调的契约形式及契约参数。为了确定不同碳排放政策下的最优订货量和最优碳减排率,通过对博弈模型进行优化,提出了具体的求解方法。数值计算结果表明：随着碳排放政策的变化,供应链的最优订货量、最优碳减排率和供应链的利润也将发生相应的变化,而生产成本、缺货损失、产品残值、销售价格、批发价格等参数变化不仅会影响最优订货量、最优碳减排率和供应链利润,还会影响收益共享比例、碳减排技术投入和碳排放成本的分摊比例。     

资金与碳排放双重约束下低碳供应链决策研究

在低碳供应链背景下,建立制造商存在资金和碳排放双重约束下的Stackelberg博弈定价模型。探究了无资金约束、提前支付和银行贷款3种情形下企业定价和制造商融资决策问题,并分析了相关因素对最优决策和利润的影响。研究表明,当银行利率小于提前支付折扣因子时,制造商始终选择提前支付融资模式;反之,制造商的融资模式选择会受到碳排放影响因子和碳价的影响。而消费者偏好绿色产品时,可以减少制造商的融资规模,但会造成制造商和零售商利润的减少。     

资金约束下考虑碳配额质押融资的制造/再制造生产决策研究

本文研究资金约束下制造/再制造企业考虑碳配额质押融资的生产减排决策问题，构建了资金约束时不融资和进行碳配额质押融资两种利润模型，通过算例分析自有资金及减排效用参数对产量、碳排放量和总利润的影响。研究结果表明，进行碳配额质押融资能提高产量增加利润，但也可能导致碳排放总量的增加；企业减排能力与减排效用积累量正相关，资金不足时不融资减排效用积累值较小，选择融资可以为企业未来生产减排实现共赢奠定基础。     

碳标签制度下供应商参与碳减排的供应链决策研究

研究了碳标签制度下供应商参与碳减排的供应链决策问题。在考虑消费者低碳偏好情况下,探讨了3种减排模式：制造商和供应商均不投资碳减排（N模型）、仅制造商投资碳减排（M模型）、制造商和供应商均投资碳减排（SM模型）。结果表明,供应商参与碳减排投资后双方利润均多于仅制造商投资碳减排的模型,同时双方的碳排放量又少于仅制造商投资碳减排的模型,显然供应商参与碳减排促进了供应链整体经济效益和环境效益的提升。     

企业碳排放信息披露的标准化探讨

近年,我国各地碳交易市场建设步伐迅速,在全国7个试点省市碳排放权交易市场已大体建成,运作亦趋于成熟,计划2017年建立全国统一的碳市场.但纵观如何从以下到上相结合的方式开展碳市场建设,由于标准"打架"、统一的碳排放权交易会计处理信息规范、碳排放信息披露义务与方法方式的准则和规范尚未建立、碳信息披露不充分等因素影响制约,在一定程度上将大大约束企业参与碳排放权交易发展的积极性,以企业为市场主体的活力相对滞后.本文从标准化方面进行了探讨分析.     

How can electronics industries become green manufacturers in Taiwan and Japan

The world’s leading countries have reached a consensus concerning the need for environmental protection, and many international environmental protection rules and regulations have been implemented. Of these, the EU-legislated Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP) compel the electronics industry to incorporate waste disposal considerations in product design and manufacturing in order to benefit the environment. This study accordingly employed the ISO 14000 environmental management family’s ISO 14031 environmental performance evaluation (EPE) standards as an assessment framework, and investigated the types of factors influencing environmental performance, and their level of importance, when the electronics industry implements lead-free manufacturing. The study conducted a questionnaire survey of industry experts, scholars, and government officers in Taiwan and Japan—which constitute two of the world’s leading electronics product manufacturing centers—employing the Delphi method to extract assessment indicators, and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to analyze indicators’ relative levels of importance. The results showed that the choice of lead-free substitute materials, soil heavy metal pollution, and compliance with environmental laws and regulations are the three important indicators of the environmental performance of lead-free manufacturing. As a consequence, when relevant industries adopt lead-free manufacturing in the future, they should first establish basic process technology, and also take their industries’ process characteristics and the suitability of substitute materials into consideration. In order to maintain compliance with laws and regulations, and to reduce pollution emissions, such industries should cooperate with government in connection with waste and wastewater treatment. In addition, apart from implementing environmental policies and testing standards, government can facilitate the realization of environmental protection policies and help conserve corporate resources by providing assistance, specialized training, and incentive measures to industry.     

Carbon performance evaluation model from the perspective of circular economy—The case of Chinese thermal power enterprise

Carbon emission reduction is the only way to alleviate environmental problems, such as global warming. Effective evaluation of carbon performance can help enterprises to carry out energy saving and emission reduction activities to a certain extent and promote sustainable development. This paper constructs a carbon performance evaluation index system that includes the four dimensions of carbon resource (energy) input, cycle, output, and carbon management by incorporating the principles of circular economy and the theory of resource value circulation from the perspective of the flow trajectory of carbon-containing resources in the circulation of enterprises combined with the production characteristics of thermoelectric enterprises. Subsequently, combined with the case study, this paper discusses the scientific and practical nature of the system and provides another way of thinking for carbon performance evaluation of micro-enterprises in other industries. This paper expands the application boundary of matter–element model and supplements the literature of carbon performance, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.     

Technological Diversification Through Corporate Venture Capital Investments: Creating Various Options to Strengthen Dynamic Capabilities

Corporate venture capital (CVC) investment in technology-intensive entrepreneurial ventures has attracted increasing attention from established firms which recognize it as a useful learning investment strategy to create diversified technological options for future change. However, there is a lack of empirical research which examines the relationship between CVC investment and the corporate investors' technological diversification. In this study, we investigate the effects of CVC investments on corporate investors' technological diversity by using 20 years of panel data from corporate investors in five high-tech industries. As a result, we find that the total amount of CVC investments and the industrial diversity of portfolio companies exhibit curvilinear (inverted U-shape) relationships with the corporate investors' technological diversity. Moreover, the empirical results show that the absorptive capacity of corporate investors positively moderates the effects of CVC investments on the technological diversity.     

Game-theoretical analysis for supply chain with consumer preference to low carbon

This paper focuses on the impact of consumers’ preference to low carbon in the emission-concerned supply chain. In an emission-concerned supply chain, the consumers are assumed to prefer to low-carbon products. In an emission sensitive market, emission reduction not only brings the higher production costs but also stimulates the inverse demand function. Therefore, this may be an opportunity for players of the supply chain to coordinate their two objectives: environmental pressure (to reduce carbon emissions for environment protection) and profit-seeking, which intuitively seem to be contradictory. In order to address this research focus, a novel emission-sensitive demand function is adopted, and an emission -sensitive cost function is introduced explicitly to capture the deviation production cost caused by emission reduction. Then the decision-making of each member in the emission-concerned supply chain is investigated. We find that the decision-maker of the supply chain will choose different emission reduction strategies for different cases. An inspiring result shows that the channel profit as well as the emission reduction increase in the consumers’ preference to low-carbon consumption simultaneously in particular cases. Moreover, several emission-concerned contracts are designed to coordinate the channel. Another finding is that the manufacturer’s optimal carbon emissions per unit product keeps the same as the centralised channel, no matter whether the supply chain is coordinated or not. Furthermore, the further discussion reveals that less eco-friendly production than the traditional, if lack of external regulation as well as internal moral self-discipline, might be chosen under some specific conditions.     

碳限额交易政策下考虑消费者低碳偏好的供应链定价与协调

在碳限额交易政策及消费者低碳偏好条件下,针对两个制造商(一个碳减排、一个不进行碳减排)和一个零售商组成的二级供应链,分析了碳限额及消费者碳排放敏感系数对产品零售价和最优碳减排量的影响,并利用Shapley值法协调供应链。研究发现:最优碳减排量、产品零售价不仅依赖于碳限额和消费者碳排放敏感系数,还与初始碳排放量相关;清洁型制造商最优碳排放量为零;政府应该实行差异化碳限额交易政策,对于中间型及轻污染型制造商应该适当降低碳限额,对于重污染型制造商应该适当提高碳限额并给予企业碳减排补贴;对于清洁型及中间型制造商,政府应该提供低碳消费补贴;另外政府还应该加强节能环保宣传。