生物载体的应用现状与发展

从生物膜技术的优点入手,分析了广义生物载体的定义,概述了水质净化生物法中生物载体的应用现状、生物载体开发原则及目前各类生物载体的不足之处;在此基础上提出了几种新型的生物载体,包括纳米材料生物载体、生物活体和可降解生物载体,并分析了它们作为生物载体的可行性和优点,最后指出了生物载体的开发方向和前景。     

生物催化在环保中的应用进展

对生物催化剂在环境保护中的应用进行了阐述。具体描述了生物除污和生物产能两个方面。其中前者包括微生物的生物除污和酶生物除污,后者包括生产生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物氢和生物燃料电池。     

藻类生物燃料：未来生物能源的多样性

分析了以植物为基础的生物燃料的来源,指出了藻类是生物燃料的最有效来源;重点介绍了藻类生物燃料的巨大潜力,如用于生产生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物制氢争沼气等;并讨论了藻类生物燃料的经济可行性和未来的应用前景.     

生物催化在环保中的应用进展

主要对生物催化剂在环境保护中的应用进行了阐述。具体描述了生物除污和生物产能2个方面。其中,前者包括微生物的除污和酶生物除污,后者包括生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物氢和生物燃料电池的生产。     

生物燃料法规的潜在威力

对欧盟生物燃料的发展现状进行了概述。对开发生物柴油的重要性、欧盟生物燃料指令、市场开发现状以及新型生物燃料进行了叙述。分析了欧盟生物燃料政策对生物燃料的发展带来的巨大影响。     

新型膜生物反应器及膜污染的研究进展

膜生物反应器技术是近年新发展起来的污水处理技术.作者介绍了几种新型膜生物反应器(生物膜-膜生物反应器、动态膜-生物反应器、气升循环膜生物反应器、PAC-膜生物反应器)的发展状况,并对膜生物反应器的膜污染机理及其控制方法进行了探讨,对今后膜生物反应器的研究和发展进行了展望.     

生物能源研究新进展

主要介绍了燃料乙醇、生物柴油、生物制氢和沼气等生物能源的原料、生产技术及发展现状,探讨了生物能源发展前景。     

生物技术在石油化工中的应用

结合生物工程的发展趋势 ,概述了生物技术在石油化工中的应用领域 ,探讨了生物催化剂、生物塑料、生物农药、生物化肥、生物石油技术、生物环保及传统生化产品等的特点、生产应用状况、开发前景、技术进展及存在的问题。     

生物油非催化热转化过程中受热结焦特性研究进展

生物油在受热条件下极易结焦,结焦是影响生物油规模化利用的重要因素之一,因此深入理解生物油受热结焦特性是实现生物油高效热转化利用的基础。本文从生物油热解过程的关键反应参数（温度、升温速率、气氛、压力、灰分）、生物油化学成分、生物油有机组分间交互作用、自由基反应特性等方面综述了生物油受热结焦特性相关研究进展,总结了反应参数对生物油热解结焦反应网络的影响,梳理了生物油各特征组分单独热解结焦及特征组分间交互作用对结焦特性的影响机制,并基于生物油结焦机理和焦炭的物化特性,总结了通过定向调控生物油结焦反应过程,将焦炭作为燃料和炭材料的潜在利用途径。最后,指出了明晰生物油受热结焦机理还需从生物油组分间交互作用机制和自由基反应机理的角度进一步探究。本文为实现生物油高效热转化利用提供了理论参考和借鉴。     

生物柴油的研究概况

生物柴油是一种安全、清洁、高效的生物燃料。文章阐述了生物柴油的本质及其相对于石化柴油在使用上的优良特性,产生的背景、研究意义。综述了国内外生物柴油的发展状况、生产方法、发展生物柴油的迫切性,并对生物柴油在我国的应用前景进行了展望。     

生物基尼龙56的应用及改性研究进展

生物基尼龙56的开发和使用可减少石油资源的消耗,符合可持续战略发展的特点.综述了生物基尼龙56在汽车工程材料、染色印花和过滤膜等多方面领域的应用.总结了对生物基尼龙56进行力学性能改性和抗菌改性的研究进展.     

生物基尼龙56的等温结晶性能研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和带有热台的偏光显微镜对生物基尼龙56的等温结晶性能进行了研究。用Avrami方程对等温结晶过程及其动力学进行了分析,得出Avrami指数(n值)在2.30~3.37之间,推测其晶体生长方式为三维球状生长;采用Arrhenius方程计算了生物基尼龙56的等温结晶活化能(ΔE)为-99.04 kJ/mol。偏光显微镜研究证实了上述推测,同时发现球晶半径与结晶时间呈线性关系,求得了球晶的生长速率。     

Application of synthetic biology in manufacture of bio-based plastics

Synthetic biology is a new discipline that uses engineering ideas as a guide to transform and reconstruct natural biological genomes, synthesize new biological components, construct new metabolic routes, and produce novel products or obtain new phenotypes. Bio-based plastics are plastics produced under the action of microorganisms or the chemical reactions using natural materials as raw materials. The usage of synthetic biology to construct engineered strains to produce bio-based plastics has become a hot topic in academia and industry. This paper reviews the development of synthetic biology and important techniques in the field of synthetic biology, focusing on the research progress in the field of metabolic pathways and engineering optimization for the construction of bio-based plastic polymer monomers and derivatives such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, nylon, polylactic acid, and butylene glycol succinate using synthetic biological techniques.     

合成生物学在生物基塑料制造中的应用

合成生物学是以工程学思想为指导,对天然生物基因组进行改造和重构,合成新的生物元件,构建新的代谢途径,生产新产品或获得新表型的新兴学科。生物基塑料是以天然物质为原料在微生物作用或化学反应下生成的塑料。利用合成生物学改造工程菌株的方法制备合成生物基塑料已经成为学术界和产业界关注的热点。本文综述了合成生物学的发展和重要的合成生物学技术,重点综述了利用合成生物学技术构建聚羟基烷酸酯、尼龙、聚乳酸和丁二酸丁二醇酯等生物基塑料聚合物单体及其衍生物的代谢途径和工程优化领域的研究进展。     

Synthesis of succinic acid-based polyamide through direct solid-state polymerization method: Avoiding cyclization of succinic acid

Succinic acid is an important synthetic monomer but it is difficult to use it as a precursor for synthesizing high molecular weight polyamide, due to its tendency to perform intra-cyclization reaction at high temperature. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the direct solid-state polymerization (DSSP) method with the initial reactant, nylon salt which was composed of 1, 5-diaminopentane, succinic acid, and terephthalic acid, was applied to synthesize the bio-based copolyamide PA 5T/54. In comparison with the conventional melting polymerization method, the DSSP method can prevent the cyclization reaction of succinic acid effectively due to the lower reacting temperature as well as the restriction effect of the nylon salt. As a result, the product fabricated by DSSP method has higher molecular weight and much lighter color from red to white. Therefore, the DSSP method is advantageous for the synthesis of the polymers or copolymers composed of the succinic acid as the monomer. Furthermore, the polymerization mechanism proposed in this work can serve as a guidance for the design of the molecular structure and control of the polymerization process.     

生物基阻燃剂阻燃聚乳酸的研究进展

针对生物基阻燃剂在绿色阻燃聚乳酸（PLA）领域的应用,简要介绍了生物基阻燃剂的阻燃改性技术,重点分析和综述了近5年含纤维素、木质素、壳聚糖、植酸、环糊精以及淀粉等生物基阻燃剂阻燃PLA的研究进展。最后,指出目前生物基阻燃剂应用和发展存在的问题,并对生物基阻燃剂在PLA阻燃领域发展的趋势进行了展望。     

Eco-Friendly Ether and Ester-Urethane Prepolymer: Structure,Processing and Properties

This study concerns bio-based urethane prepolymers. The relationship between the chemical structure and the thermal and processing parameters of bio-based isocyanate-terminated ether and ester-urethane prepolymers was investigated. Bio-based prepolymers were obtained with the use of bio-monomers such as bio-based diisocyanate, bio-based polyether polyol or polyester polyols. In addition to their composition, the bio-based prepolymers were different in the content of iso-cyanate groups content (ca. 6 and 8%). The process of pre-polymerization and the obtained bio-based prepolymers were analyzed by determining the content of unreacted NCO groups, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry, and rheological measurements. The research conducted facilitated the evaluation of the properties and processability of urethane prepolymers based on natural components. The results indicate that a significant impact on the processability has the origin the polyol ingredient as well as the NCO content. The thermal stability of all of the prepolymers is similar. A prepolymer based on a poly-ether polyol is characterized by a lower viscosity at a lower temperature than the prepolymer based on a polyester polyol. The viscosity value depends on the NCO content.     

生物基聚氨酯乳液的研究进展

聚氨酯乳液由于性能优异已广泛应用于建筑、皮革、金属防腐等领域的涂装与防护。现有聚氨酯乳液大多为石油基产品，出于可持续发展的需要，伴随生物基原料的快速发展和大规模商业化，生物基聚氨酯乳液获得快速发展。该文综述了合成聚氨酯乳液的生物基原料和助剂，包括生物基异氰酸酯、多元醇、扩链剂、丙烯酸（酯）单体以及其他生物基原材料，同时分析了木质素基、植物油基、非天然单体以及其他生物基聚氨酯乳液的新进展，指出了生物基聚氨酯乳液面临的主要问题，包括原材料供应不足、成本高和产物性能差等，展望了生物基聚氨酯乳液在无溶剂、高生物基含量和多功能等产品的发展前景。     

Synthesis and characterization of bio-based benzoxazines derived from thymol

In the present study, bio-based benzoxazine resins were synthesized from bio-based phenolic compound; thymol, and three different amines; ethylamine, aniline and 1,6-diaminohexane, and paraformaldehyde by solvent-free condensation reaction. The chemical structures of bio-based benzoxazines; T-ea (thymol, ethylamine), T-a (thymol, aniline), and T-dh (thymol, 1,6-diaminohexane) were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The curing studies of T-ea, T-a, and T-dh bio-based benzoxazines were performed by stepwise thermal treatment at 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 °C. The polymerization (ring-opening and crosslinking reactions) of T-ea, T-a, and T-dh bio-based benzoxazines was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Cure analysis was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry and the changes in thermal properties of the T-ea, T-a, and T-dh bio-based benzoxazine resins and their corresponding thermally crosslinked polybenzoxazines PT-ea, PT-a, and PT-dh were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer. The results indicated that all the thymol-based polybenzoxazines have shown enhanced thermal stability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47371.     

生物基共聚酯纤维的抗静电性能

以对苯二甲酸和生物基乙二醇为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为第三单体,纳米氧化锌(Zn O)为抗静电添加剂,制备抗静电生物基共聚酯,并纺制抗静电生物基共聚酯纤维。通过特性黏度、热学性能、表面接触角和体积比电阻值分析PEG和纳米Zn O的添加量对生物基共聚酯切片与纤维热学性能、亲水性能及抗静电性能的影响。试验结果发现:当PEG及纳米Zn O添加量分别为摩尔分数0.2%及1.6%时,改性生物基共聚酯纤维的热学性能最稳定,抗静电性能在所研究范围内最优。