衣下空气层对透气型防护服热阻和湿阻的影响

为确定适宜的服装宽松量,提升透气型核生化(NBC)防护服的热湿舒适性,设计了穿着实验。在温、湿度可控制的气候室内,借助出汗暖体假人和三维扫描技术,观察常温、静止状态下5套不同松量服装的热湿传递性能,探讨衣下空气层对NBC防护服热阻和湿阻的影响。研究结果表明:衣下空气层体积与平均厚度的增量变化相似,不同松量服装的衣下空气层对服装总热阻和总湿阻有显著影响;随着透气型NBC防护服松量的增大,服装总热阻随着衣下空气层的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势,服装总湿阻随着衣下空气层的增加呈现逐渐增大的变化趋势。     

衣下间隙对织物系统热湿阻的影响

为研究人体皮肤与织物之间存在的衣下间隙对织物系统传热透湿性能的影响,利用出汗热平板仪测试织物系统的热阻和湿阻,并通过在热板与织物之间放置不同厚度的分隔板来模拟衣下间隙厚度,实现了定量测试皮肤—衣下间隙—织物之间的热湿传递。实验结果证明:织物系统的热阻和湿阻先随衣下间隙厚度的增大而增加,但在衣下间隙达到12 mm时出现下降,随后又进一步增加;虽然织物厚度影响着织物系统的热阻与湿阻,但衣下间隙对织物系统热湿阻的影响更为显著。综合服装的合体美观与舒适保暖性能,建议防寒类服装设计采用胸围放松量6~8 cm之间为宜。本研究有助于理解服装宽松量设计与服装隔热透湿性能之间的相互关系,对服装产品的舒适设计有指导意义。     

服装通风设计手段的研究进展

为探索有效的服装通风设计手段来提高着装人体的热湿舒适性,以服装热湿传递机制和通风散热原理为基础,分别从透气性面料的配置、服装开口的设计、可穿戴式通风装备3个层面解析常用的通风设计手段,并对比不同设计手段之间的作用效应。结果显示：有效的通风设计手段应在全面分析着装环境、人体活动和生理特征的基础上,满足服装局部设计差异性和不同设计手段间匹配性的原则。利用计算流体动力学技术明确服装衣下空间空气流动规律,量化表征服装局部的“有效通风”,平衡各种设计手段之间的关系以达到最优通风效果将成为服装通风设计手段的发展方向。     

基于微型风扇阵列的通风服研发与测评

为了提高夏季办公室工作人员的热舒适性,在不使用空调制冷设备的情况下,设计开发了3款微型风扇阵列通风服。该通风服由通风系统和基础服装组成,风扇置于服装不同的部位。在气候室模拟了夏季办公室工作环境,采用真人着装实验,通过测量客观和主观指标,对通风服进行了降温效果和热湿舒适性评价。结果表明：微型风扇阵列通风服轻便,穿着舒适;3款通风服均使衣下温度下降;受试者穿着通风服与对照组相比,平均皮肤温度、平均躯干温度均降低,耳道温度不存在显著性差异,对平均皮肤湿度影响不明显,同时受试者的热感觉、湿感觉、热舒适度也显著优于对照组。前后均带有风扇的通风服对躯干降温效果最好,与其风速最大有关,达到较为显著的改善人体热舒适的效果。     

服装通风对主观热湿舒适感的影响

服装通风性能是影响人体热湿舒适性的重要因素。利用开发的服装通风测评系统,以工装为研究对象,探究了服装通风性能对主观热湿舒适感的影响。实验结果表明:在同一运动状态下,服装通风值与热感具有显著的负相关关系;步行时,人体湿感最强而服装通风值最大;服装通风值与舒适感之间没有显著的线性相关关系。研究成果可以为服装设计和开发,特别是功能服装结构设计和面料选择提供相关理论参考和依据。     

提高运动服装热湿舒适性的面料拼接优化设计

研究表明,运动过程中人体皮肤表面的热量和湿度的分布不同.通过将不同性能面料在服装不同部位进行拼接,设计出一种新型运动服,以实现最大的热湿舒适性.新型运动服采用服装设计中常用的拼接技术,由5种天然面料制成,穿着试验在人工气候室标准环境中进行.分析主观评价和客观测量实验数据表明,采用新型拼接设计的运动服装在运动过程中表现出良好的热湿舒适性,各项指标优于10种单一面料制成的运动服.因此,根据人体表面热湿差别化分布运用面料拼接设计对运动服进行创新设计具有实际意义.     

着装人体局部热舒适性研究与发展现状

为进一步丰富和发展着装人体局部热舒适性的研究方法及手段,文章通过回顾服装热舒适性研究的发展历程,阐述了服装局部热传递的机理,从物理学、生理学和心理学角度出发,综述了着装人体局部热舒适性常见的主、客观评价方法,并详细论述了人体、服装、外界环境和衣下空气层这四大因素对着装人体局部热舒适性的影响情况,最后提出了修正局部动态热阻公式将有利于完善着装人体局部热舒适性的评价,增加对衣下非均匀空气层的研究对着装人体局部热舒适性具有重要意义,研制适用于局部热舒适性测试的新型服装微气候仪将会具有良好的发展前景。     

衣下空间与服装穿着舒适性关系研究

为揭示衣下空间对服装穿着舒适性的影响,阐明衣下空间与穿着舒适性的关系,在介绍衣下空间定义与测量方法的基础上,通过分析和总结国内外相关研究,论述了不同状态的衣下空间对服装接触舒适性、压力舒适性、热湿舒适性的影响,并重点论述了衣下空间与服装热湿舒适性的关系。结果表明,衣下空间对服装热湿舒适性影响最为明显。最后对衣下空间与服装舒适性关系研究提出展望,认为应区分衣下空间与服装松量二者概念,并着重研究衣下空间热湿传递机理,以探究衣下空间最优分布规律。     

内穿服装对消防员热生理和心理反应的影响

内穿服装作为消防员贴身穿着的服装，会影响衣下微环境的温湿度及汗液分布，进而影响人体的热生理和心理反应。通过调研确定了4组典型的消防员内穿服装，并开展着装人体热反应实验，测试8名受试者在4种着装条件下的热生理反应和心理反应。利用层次分析法，探究各指标间的内在关联及效应权重，计算了消防服套装的综合得分。结果表明：消防服内穿棉/涤纶短袖和棉/涤纶长裤时人体的皮温、心率、皮肤电反应和湿感觉的综合得分最高，其中心率比其它3组样本小4.31次/min,且湿感觉最不强烈；着装人体的热感觉、湿感觉和黏附感存在区域差异，躯干和大腿的热、湿感觉最强烈，前臂、膝部和小腿的黏附感最强烈；应基于功能分区的设计优化消防员内穿服装，如前胸和后背拼接透气导湿面料，小腿拼接耐磨面料。     

通风服热舒适性研究现状与展望

为揭示通风服对人体热舒适影响的机制,阐明通风服与人体之间的热湿传递关系,在介绍通风服的起源和工作原理的基础上,通过对国内外相关研究成果的分析和总结,重点论述了通风服热舒适性的研究方法:出汗暖体假人测试法、人体着装实验法和数值模型构建法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。结果表明,通风服对人体热舒适的影响机制是一门集环境传热学、人体生理传热学、服装面料学以及流体力学交叉结合的工程问题。最后对通风服热舒适性研究进行了展望,认为未来将在通风服衣下气流的精确测量与仿真,衣下气流和热流数值模型的构建以及通风引起的局部和整体热舒适不匀等方面开展研究。     

室外高温环境下通风服装的传热模型与实验研究

为提高夏季室外高温日晒环境下作业人员的热舒适性,对人体、服装与环境之间传热过程进行分析,以此作为针对性降温方式的理论基础建立了通风服装在室外高温日晒环境下的传热模型,并采用真人实验的方法验证了该传热模型;分析了送风后衣下空间空气参数及人体主观反映的改变.结果表明:采用该模型计算得到的人体得热量与失热量误差仅为9.1％,...     

Effects of inner and outer clothing combinations on firefighter ensembles’ thermal- and moisture-related comfort levels

The special clothing ensembles firefighters wear should provide not only thermal protective performance but also thermal- and moisture-related comfort. The comfort property of protective clothing has great influence on work efficiency. In this study, inner clothing was designed to combine with firefighters’ protective clothing in order to create different clothing ensembles. Two separate wear trials were carried out under the temperatures of 28°C (warm) and 15°C (cool), respectively; cardiopulmonary indexes, temperature and relative humidity under clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were evaluated. These objective and subjective experimental data were analysed to differentiate clothing ensembles’ thermal- and moisture-related comfort properties. The effect of different inner clothing items, combined with the firefighters’ protective clothing, on the overall comfort level of the clothing ensembles was also investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the thermal, moisture and clingy sensations of various clothing ensembles under the temperature of 28°C (warm), but the differences were not significant under the temperature of 15°C (cool), except for clingy sensation. Combined with the same firefighter clothing, there was no significant difference in the thermal- and moisture-related comfort properties, but the differences in clingy sensation were significant. The clothing ensembles with polyester inner clothing were not very good for providing thermal and moisture comfort. The clingy comfort of clothing ensembles with linen inner clothing was better than those with cotton or polyester inner clothing.     

通风服装对人体热舒适的影响

为研究高温环境中降温服装对人体热舒适的影响,通过出汗暖体假人实验和真人着装实验分别研究了通风服的热湿性能以及对人体热舒适的影响。研究发现：当通风量为0.012 m3/s 时,通风系统的引进使服装的湿阻减小58%。男性受试者穿着通风服在25℃、相对湿度50%的环境条件下运动,其局部皮肤温度、平均皮肤温度均比风扇未打开时低;其中,胸部和腿部皮肤温度降低幅度最为明显;打开与关闭风扇两种实验条件下,受试者的局部皮肤温度以及平均皮肤温度有显著性差异。运动20 min 和休息20 min后,风扇打开时的平均皮肤温度比未打开时分别低2.4、0.9 ℃;研究表明该通风服装可用来作为改善人体热舒适的服装雏形。     

针织无缝运动内衣的散热导湿仿生结构设计北大核心CSCD

通过对无缝内衣在运动过程中的热湿性能进行研究,文章阐述了运动内衣的热湿分布情况,并以此建立合理的无缝运动内衣结构分区。同时为了更好地满足内衣特殊的热湿需求,文章提出散热型仿生结构设计方法,以增强服装内外气体交换效果,加快蒸发散热速率,以及提出了导湿型仿生结构设计方法,有效管理服装上汗液流动。并在运动内衣结构模型的基础上,结合散热、导湿仿生结构,设计了一款仿生无缝运动内衣,为仿生运动内衣的开发与设计提供一定参考。     

Subjective wear trials to evaluate thermal comfort of the foot clothing system including a sweat pad

Subjective wear trials were conducted to evaluate effects of disposable antibacterial sweat pads on foot thermal comfort. Sweat pads were produced with polypropylene and polylactic acid nonwoven topsheet layers which were treated with different herbal antibacterial materials. Trials were carried out with 10 male subjects under 10 °C and 50% relative humidity simulating sweating during a moderate activity in cold environments. Besides microclimate temperature and relative humidity measurements, subjective thermal (coolness, dampness, and comfort) and other sensations (stickiness, slippiness, etc.) were obtained by five point rating scales. Bending rigidity, friction coefficients, and moisture management properties of the topsheet fabrics and pads were tested. Results show that foot sweat pads enabled drier microclimate, warmer sensations, and higher comfort evaluations. Antibacterial treatments did not affect bending rigidity values of the nonwoven topsheet fabrics, but some applications decreased spreading speed, increased roughness of the pad surfaces, and wetting time values which are not preferable.     

Comfort properties of T-shirts dyed with natural persimmon juice

In order to explore the utilization of persimmon juice-dyed T-shirts under vigorous sports activities, persimmon juice-dyed and undyed cotton knitted T-shirts were compared in terms of comfort-related physical properties such as moisture transport characteristics and wear performances including sweat amount, moisture uptake of clothing, and subjective sensation such as thermal, humidity, and overall comfort. As results, persimmon juice-dyed T-shirt material showed the improvement of air permeability, water-vapor permeability, and moisture regain while it gave lower values for wickability and dynamic water absorption rate than undyed one. As for wear performance under a vigorous activity, human subjects seemed to sweat less in wearing dyed shirts than in undyed ones, which means that persimmon juice-dyed shirts seemed to give less physiological heat stress than undyed ones. Subjects felt no difference between dyed and undyed shirts in subjective sensation, hence it could be said that, under a vigorous condition, persimmon juice-dyed shirts could not provide subjective sensory differences from udyed ones.     

Evaluation and improvement of thermo-physiological comfort properties of firefighters’ protective clothing containing super absorbent materials

In this research, super absorbent materials were incorporated into the internal layer of the firefighters’ protective clothing with the aim of increasing absorption of sweat to improve the thermo-physiological comfort properties. The performance properties were evaluated following the standard test methods (ISO 6942:2002 and ISO 9151: 1995(E)) and the thermo-physiological comfort-related properties were evaluated by measuring the transport properties such as air permeability, water sorption and evaporation, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance of the fabric assemblies with super absorbent materials. The results indicated that it is possible to improve the comfort properties of the protective clothing by the incorporation of super absorbent materials into the internal layer. The use of super absorbent materials is likely to help in the absorption of sweat in higher amount and keeping the skin and internal microclimate dry, which in turn improves the comfort level. The performance properties of all the combinations satisfied the requirements for firefighter’s clothing as mentioned in AS/NZS 4967-2009.     

医用防护服的热湿舒适性与人体疲劳度的关系

针对医护人员长时间穿着医用防护服工作导致体感闷热潮湿、疲劳增加、工作效率降低的问题,设计真人穿着试验,分析人体的热生理和主观感觉参数,从医用防护服的热湿性能角度分析对人体疲劳度的影响。试验结果表明:搭配短袖套装的防护服热湿舒适性最好,搭配长袖厚款套装的防护服热湿舒适性最差;穿着不同热湿性能的防护服在进行不同强度的运动中对人体疲劳度的影响不同,穿着防护服在静坐状态下,人体疲劳程度差异较小;在低、中、高强度运动和恢复状态下,防护服热湿舒适性越差,人体疲劳程度越深;平均皮肤温度、心率、能量代谢当量参数与主观疲劳感呈显著相关性,通过回归分析得到疲劳感与心率的模型,心率可以反映人体的疲劳程度。     

电动自行车骑行防寒服的研制与性能评价

为提高电动自行车骑行时的热舒适感和腿部灵活性,应用高性能的材料,采取分体式款式和多开口结构,设计开发了新型电动自行车骑行防寒服。基于真人着装实验,将新型防寒服与一款现有防风衣进行对比,首先在5 ℃和50%相对湿度的冷环境中通过皮肤温度测量和主观感受评价测试服装的保暖性,其次采用视觉模拟评分法评价服装的工效性。实验结果表明:在骑行过程中,穿着新型防寒服的平均皮肤温度显著高于防风衣,主观热感和热舒适感较防风衣有明显改善;新型防寒服的裤装设计会影响穿脱便捷性,但显著提高了腿部运动灵活性,更适用于具有脚踏功能的电动自行车骑行。     

特种变形涤纶长丝仿毛织物热湿舒适性研究

从人体－服装－环境为一体的思想出发,利用人工气候仓,高精度的衣内微气候测量仪对特种变表涤纶长丝仿毛物和其它常规面料进行了人体穿着实验研究;同时运用主因子分析法分析了了各种面料的物理性能,人体生理参数的差异;以及人体主观感觉一服装物理参数,人体生理参数的关系。