Effect of electric arc furnace dust on the properties of OPC and blended cement concretes

This paper presents results of a study conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended cement (silica fume and fly ash) concrete specimens prepared with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). Concrete specimens were prepared with and without EAFD. In the silica fume cement concrete, silica fume constituted 8% of the total cementitious material while fly ash cement concrete contained 30% fly ash. EAFD was added as 2% replacement of cement in the OPC concrete and 2% replacement of the total cementitious content in the blended cement concretes. Mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, drying shrinkage, initial and final setting time, and slump retention were determined. The durability characteristics were evaluated by measuring water absorption, chloride permeability, and reinforcement corrosion. The initial and final setting time and slump retention increased due to the incorporation of EAFD in both OPC and blended cement concretes. The drying shrinkage of EAFD cement concrete specimens was more than that of concrete specimens without EAFD. The incorporation of EAFD was beneficial to OPC concrete in terms of strength gain while such a gain was not noted in the blended cement concretes. However, the strength differential between the blended cement concretes with EAFD and the corresponding concretes without EAFD was not that significant. The water absorption and chloride permeability, however, decreased due to the incorporation of EAFD in both the OPC and blended cement concretes. The corrosion resistance of OPC and blended cement concrete specimens increased due to the addition of EAFD.     

Characteristics of lightweight concrete containing mineral admixtures

This research investigates the properties of fresh and hardened concretes containing locally available natural lightweight aggregates, and mineral admixtures. Test results indicated that replacing cement in the structural lightweight concrete developed, with 5–15% silica fume on weight basis, caused up to 57% and 14% increase in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively, compared to mixes without silica fume. But, adding up to 10% fly ash, as partial cement replacement by weight, to the same mixes, caused about 18% decrease in compressive strength, with no change in modulus of elasticity, compared to mixes without fly ash. Adding 10% or more of silica fume, and 5% or more fly ash to lightweight concrete mixes perform better, in terms of strength and stiffness, compared to individual mixes prepared using same contents of either silica fume or fly ash.     

Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash,silica fume,and GGBS

This paper presents the findings of an experimental program seeking to understand the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes where up to 80% of Portland cement was replaced with fly ash, silica fume, or ground granulated blast furnace slag. Compressive strength of SCC mixes was measured after 3, 7, and 28 days of moist curing. It was concluded in this study that increasing the dosage of fly ash increases concrete flow but also decreases segregation resistance. In addition, for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 used in this study, it was observed that the compressive strength decreases compared to control mix after 28 days of curing when cement was partially replaced by 10%, 30%, and 40%of fly ash. However, a fly ash replacement ratio of 20% increased the compressive strength by a small margin compared to the control mix. Replacing cement with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% was found to increase compressive strength of SCC mixes compared to the control mix. However, the highest 28 day compressive strength of 95.3 MPa occurred with SCC mixes in which 15% of the cement was replaced with silica fume.     

矿物掺合料与增效剂对混凝土的力学性能影响试验研究

为研究矿物掺合料与增效剂对混凝土力学性能的影响,设计了C30和C40两种强度等级的20个配合比及基准对照组配合比,每个强度等级又设计了3组单掺CTF混凝土增效剂时水泥用量分别减少7%、10%、15%的配合比,复掺时粉煤灰掺量分别为15%、20%、25%,硅灰掺量为6%和9%,CTF混凝土增效剂掺量为10%,通过测试试块在7d、28d、60d的抗压强度,研究其抗压强度随龄期的变化规律。结果表明,CTF混凝土增效剂单掺时水泥减少量为10%～15%的情况下,增效剂的增效效果最明显,且此时CTF混凝土增效剂对混凝土抗压强度也有很大的提高,当粉煤灰、硅灰以及CTF混凝土增效剂复掺时,试块抗压强度值高于基准组试块,此时粉煤灰最佳掺量为20%左右,硅灰掺量为6%左右,且复掺时由于增效剂的作用以及粉煤灰和硅灰的替代,节约了大量的水泥。     

Assessing the effectiveness of pozzolans in massive high-strength concrete

This paper investigates the effects of supplementary cementitious materials on the temperature rising profile, heat evolution and early-age strength development of medium- and high-strength concrete. A total of 13 different mixtures were prepared, with two water–cement ratios (0.3 and 0.46). Natural pozzolan, fly ash, and silica fume were included in the specimens. The results showed that natural pozzolan, particularly fly ash served to decrease the amplitude of peak temperature, delay the occurrence of the peak, and decrease the sharpness of the temperature rising profiles. In contrast, the temperature profile of silica fume specimens was similar to those without silica fume. It was found that the best mixture, the highest early-age strength and the lowest heat liberation, corresponded to the specimen containing fly ash at 15% (be cement weight). This result justifies the advantage effect of fly ash which is able to develop sufficient tensile strength to resist thermal cracking potential in massive high-strength concrete.     

The effect of Persian Gulf tidal zone exposure on durability of mixes containing silica fume and blast furnace slag

In this research the performance of cement paste and concrete mixes incorporating 7% and 10% of silica fume (SF) as a cement replacement was investigated in three exposure conditions. The results showed that plain type II portland cement performed better than blended SF cement under cyclic wetting and drying conditions. Silica fume specimens under cyclic wetting and drying conditions in simulated seawater exhibited higher strength loss compared to plain type II portland cement where cured under potable water. In addition, the greater the silica fume amount used in the mixes, the more the capillary water absorption under tidal zone exposure or/and under wetting and drying simulation. Further, the ternary blended ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) mix was the worst performing mix in all exposure conditions.     

硅粉、粉煤灰作掺合料的C80高性能混凝土研究

研究了硅粉、粉煤灰掺量对混凝土强度与流动性的影响和硅粉、粉煤灰混凝土28d强度规律及混凝土的后期强度增长规律。采用P.O.42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥、中砂、5~25mm碎石及适量NF2-6缓凝高效减水剂,水胶比0.28,硅粉掺量5%,粉煤灰掺量5%~15%或硅粉掺量10%~15%,粉煤灰掺量5%~20%及水胶比0.31,硅粉掺量15%,粉煤灰掺量5%~10%时,可配制出C80高性能混凝土并且给出混凝土配合比参考公式。     

The effect of high temperature curing on the strength and carbonation of pozzolanic structural lightweight concretes

An experimental study on the compressive strength and carbonation depth of lightweight concrete mixes that contain pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and silica fume (SF) as cement replacements is presented in this paper. Mixes that had a relatively high replacement level of PFA at 25, 40, and 55% and of SF at 5, 10, and 15% by weight were compared. The results indicated that accelerated curing at 60 °C for 3 days improved the 28-day compressive strength of the PFA- and SF-incorporated mixes but resulted in higher carbonation of the mixes compared with that under normal temperature curing. Mixes that had 25% PFA or 5–10% SF as partial cement replacements had slightly higher strength under accelerated curing and slightly lower strength under normal curing than the control mix. At higher replacement levels of PFA and SF, further lower strength and higher carbonation was observed.     

Influence of dry and wet curing conditions on compressive strength of silica fume concrete

This paper reports a part of an ongoing laboratory investigation in which the compressive strength of silica fume concrete is studied under dry and wet curing conditions. In the study, a total of 48 concretes, including control Portland cement concrete and silica fume concrete, were produced with four different water–cement ratios (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6), three different cement dosages (350, 400, 450 kg/m³) and three partial silica fume replacement ratios (10%, 15%, 20%). A hyperplastisizer was used in concrete at various quantities to provide and keep a constant workability. Three cubic samples produced from fresh concrete were demoulded after a day; then, they were cured at 20±2 °C with 65% relative humidity (RH), and three other cubic samples were cured at 20±2 °C with 100% RH until the samples were used for compressive strength measurement at 28 days. The comparison was made on the basis of compressive strength between silica fume concrete and control Portland cement concrete. Silica fume concretes were also compared among themselves. The comparisons showed that compressive strength of silica fume concrete cured at 65% RH was influenced more than that of Portland cement concrete. It was found that the compressive strength of silica fume concrete cured at 65% RH was, at average, 13% lower than that of silica fume concrete cured at 100% RH. The increase in the water–cementitious material ratios makes the concrete more sensitive to dry curing conditions. The influence of dry curing conditions on silica fume concrete was marked as the replacement ratio of silica fume increased.     

掺稻壳灰/硅灰混凝土的性能研究

研究了稻壳灰、硅灰、稻壳灰+粉煤灰、硅灰+粉煤灰对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度、抗硫酸侵蚀能力和抗碳化能力的影响.结果表明:掺加5％～10％稻壳灰或硅灰有助于提升混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度,且稻壳灰、硅灰掺量越高抗压强度越高,掺硅灰混凝土相对于掺稻壳灰混凝土的抗压和抗折强度更高,掺稻壳灰+粉煤灰、硅灰+粉煤灰试件的抗压和抗...     

不同掺合料对高性能混凝土工作性能影响的试验研究

通过在C50高性能混凝土中以等量取代水泥用量的方法单掺粉煤灰、硅粉,双掺粉煤灰硅粉及同时掺粉煤灰、硅粉和聚丙烯纤维,研究了不同掺合料及不同掺量对HPC拌合物工作性的影响。结果表明:在高性能混凝土中加入粉煤灰,能使混凝土具有更好的工作性能,使拌合物黏聚性和可塑性提高;在6%硅粉掺量内,硅粉的加入提高了高性能混凝土的工作性能,但随着掺量进一步增大后,硅粉高性能混凝土的流动性将降低,稠度增大,整体工作性能降低,需要提高高性能减水剂的用量;双掺粉煤灰和硅粉后,粉煤灰高性能混凝土的工作性能随着硅粉掺量的增加而呈降低趋势;聚丙烯纤维对高性能混凝土的工作性能影响不明显,但聚丙烯纤维的掺入,提高了混凝土黏聚性,能抑制拌合物的离析和泌水。     

掺粉煤灰和硅粉的C90高强度自流平混凝土研究

研究了内掺粉煤灰和硅粉对自流平混凝土强度和流动性的影响 ;根据试验数据总结出高强度自流平混凝土的强度经验公式 ;分析了掺粉煤灰和硅粉的高强度自流平混凝土后期强度增长规律 ;采用 4 2 5普通硅酸盐水泥、中砂、5～ 2 5mm碎石 ,水胶比 0 2 6 7～ 0 2 85 ,内掺 10 %粉煤灰和 10 %～ 15 %硅粉 ,或水胶比0 2 6 6 ,内掺 2 0 %粉煤灰和 15 %硅粉 ,掺加适量的NF 2 6缓凝高效减水剂 ,能配制出C90高强度自流平混凝土。     

A study on the hydration rate of natural zeolite blended cement pastes

Natural zeolite is a type of mineralogical material containing large quantities of reactive SiO₂ and Al₂O_3. It is widely used in the cement industry in China as a cement blending material. Like other pozzolanic materials such as silica fume and fly ash, zeolite contributes to concrete strength mainly through the pozzolanic reaction with Ca(OH)₂, Thus, the pozzolanic reactivity of this type of material in comparison with other pozzolans is of much interest. This paper presents experimental results on the compressive strength, degree of pozzolanic reaction, and porosity of zeolite modified cement pastes. These results are compared with those obtained from similar blended cement pastes prepared with silica fume and fly ash replacements. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that natural zeolite is a pozzolanic material, with a reactivity between that of silica fume and fly ash. Generally, in blended cement pastes with a lower water-to-cementitious materials ratio, the natural zeolite contributes more to the strength of the pastes. But in the pastes with a higher water to cementitious ratio and a lower cement replacement level it undergoes a higher degree of reaction.     

Properties of fly ash concrete modified with hydrated lime and silica fume

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the properties of fly ash concrete incorporating either hydrated lime or silica fume to improve the early strength of concrete. Test results indicated that the addition of lime and silica fume improved the early age compressive strength of fly ash concrete. The inclusion of silica fume was also found to increase the 28 days strength significantly. The air permeability of concrete containing lime and silica fume either decreased or remained almost the same when compared to the concrete without these. The addition of lime and silica fume also improved the sorptivity of concrete.Through the use of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TG), it was demonstrated that the addition of hydrated lime increased the Ca(OH)₂ content; whereas the addition of silica fume decreased the Ca(OH)₂ content in the cement paste. The mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) data confirmed the beneficial action of hydrated lime and silica fume, towards decreasing the total pore volume of fly ash cement paste.     

活性掺合料对路面水泥混凝土性能的影响和应用研究

针对粉煤灰和硅粉等活性掺合料对路面水泥混凝土性能的影响进行了研究.采用正交法设计了十种混凝土配合比,对在标准条件下养护28天的各配比混凝土试件进行了抗折强度、抗压强度、抗渗透性能和抗冻融性能的测试,并通过回归方法建立了各指标与配合比的关系.试验结果表明,通过添加适量的粉煤灰和硅粉,可以在不降低混凝土强度的基础上有效地提高混凝土的密实性和抗渗性能,并改善其抗冻融性能.同时,再通过技术、经济比较及现场验证,得出适合当地实际情况的最佳配合比.     

河道疏浚底泥制备泡沫混凝土试验研究

利用河道疏浚底泥制备泡沫混凝土,研究了石灰、粉煤灰和微硅粉部分代替水泥,以及外掺偏硅酸钠、水玻璃和生物炭对所制备的底泥基泡沫混凝土抗压强度、导热系数和吸水耐水性能的影响。结果表明,微硅粉的加入优化了孔隙分布,可诱发火山灰反应,改善底泥基泡沫混凝土的综合性能;外掺2%的大麦草生物炭(500℃)可使底泥基泡沫混凝土的抗压强度提高14.2%,导热系数降低4.78%;添加石灰、粉煤灰和偏硅酸钠降低了泡沫混凝土的综合性能;水玻璃对泡沫混凝土的性能影响不大。     

高活性偏高岭土微粉的制备及复合效应的研究

本文研究了高活性偏高岭土(MK)微粉的制备及与多种矿物掺料复合效应。以10％MK替代水泥，28d抗压强度提高约10MPa；以8％MK取代水泥配制高性能混凝土，其作用效果与硅灰相当，与矿渣基复合掺料复合(8％MK与35％复合矿渣替代水泥)掺入混凝土中，使混凝土物理、力学性能优干硅灰相同掺量的复合效果；与粉煤灰复合，可以使水泥标准稠度用水量降低，抗折、抗压强度提高，干缩率减少。     

The effects of silica fume and polypropylene fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete

Impact resistance and strength performance of concrete mixtures with 0.36 and 0.46 water–cement ratios made with polypropylene and silica fume are examined. Polypropylene fiber with 12-mm length and four volume fractions of 0%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% are used. In pre-determined mixtures, silica fume is used as cement replacement material at 8% weight of cement. The results show that incorporating polypropylene fibers improves mechanical properties. The addition of silica fume facilitates the dispersion of fibers and improves the strength properties, particularly the impact resistance of concretes. It is shown that using 0.5% polypropylene fiber in the silica fume mixture increases compressive split tensile, and flexural strength, and especially the performance of concrete under impact loading.     

Estimation of the permeability of silica fume cement concrete

Deterioration and durability of concrete structures mainly depend on permeability of concrete. Silica fume (SF) as a mineral admixture for high performance concrete produces more discontinues and impermeable pore structure in concrete. The higher permeability reductions with silica fume are due to pore size refinement and matrix densification, reduction in content of Ca(OH)₂ and cement paste-aggregate interfacial refinement. During the hydration process the transition interfacial zone is gradually densified due to pozzolanic reaction between silica fume and calcium hydroxide. Based on a microstructure model, a procedure for predicting the permeability of high strength silica fume cement concrete is developed by considering water-to-binder ratio, silica fume replacement ratio and degree of hydration as major influencing factors. Results of the permeability calculated using the procedure is verified with the available literature. Subsequently, effects of silica fume on the permeability of concrete are evaluated. Finally, optimum silica fume replacement ratios that reduce the permeability of concrete reasonably are proposed for durable concrete.     

NaCl除冰盐作用下混凝土的抗冻能力分析

通过存质量浓度为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的冻融循环试验,测试了普通混凝土、引气混凝土、粉煤灰混凝土和硅灰混凝土的相对动弹性模量和质量损失率,分析了不同混凝土的抗盐冻的能力.结果表明:适当的引气能够明显改善混凝土的抗盐冻性能,掺加20%粉煤灰时,混凝土仍具有较高的抗盐冻能力,掺量达到40%时混凝土的抗盐冻性能明显下降,掺加10%硅灰明显提高混凝土的抗盐冻能力.