活性碳纤维材料吸声性能影响因素分析

为了研究活性碳纤维毡的吸声性能,选取了7种不同规格的黏胶基活性碳纤维毡,采用阻抗管在250~6 300 Hz频率声波范围内对活性碳纤维毡吸声系数进行测试,分析厚度、密度和纤维直径等因素对吸声性能的影响。研究发现:活性碳纤维毡具有很好的吸声性能;随着厚度和密度的增加,以及纤维直径的减小,活性碳纤维毡吸声性能提高。采用灰色关联度分析得到活性碳纤维毡三个不同因素对吸声性能的影响程度由大到小依次为纤维直径、厚度和密度。     

大麻纤维的吸声性能研究

为比较大麻纤维的吸声性能,采用驻波比法测试了大麻、羊毛和棉纤维在中、低频段下的吸声系数,研究了纤维层厚度、容重、后背空腔和孔隙率对吸声系数的影响。结果表明,增加大麻纤维层厚度、容重、后背空腔尺寸,均可提高大麻纤维在中、低频段的吸声系数。纤维层厚度增加,共振吸收频率向低频方向移动;容重增加,吸声系数开始时增加比较明显,随后增幅趋缓;孔隙率增加,大麻纤维吸声系数逐渐增大。当容重、厚度相同时,大麻纤维的吸声性能要比羊毛和棉纤维的吸声性能差。     

分层复合水刺/热风非织造材料的吸声性能研究

以水刺非织造材料、热熔纤网和热风非织造材料为原料,分层叠加,置于烘箱中热风加热,制得两层和三层复合非织造材料。对分层非织造材料的厚度、透气性、孔隙率以及吸声性能等进行测试,探讨各因素对材料吸声性能的影响。测试结果显示:随着非织造材料厚度增加,同一声波频率的吸声系数提高;单层非织造材料的吸声系数随声音频率的增大而提高;双层复合材料吸声系数随着热风非织造材料面密度增加而提高,最高吸声系数向低频段偏移,吸声频段拓宽,吸声系数随着频率增加呈先上升再下降的趋势;双层分层吸声材料选择孔隙率梯度从受声面开始由低到高排列,三层复合材料的孔隙率按照低—高—低排列,可获得较好的吸声效果。     

双层复合非织造材料基吸声体吸声性能研究

以熔喷丙纶非织造材料和玻璃纤维水刺非织造材料为受声面和背衬层,通过热粘合方式制成双层复合非织造材料基吸声体。通过分析吸声体受声面和背衬层非织造材料的厚度、面密度、孔径、孔隙率等结构参数与复合吸声体的吸声系数之间的关系,探讨各层非织造材料结构参数对复合吸声体吸声性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着熔喷丙纶非织造材料和玻璃纤维水刺非织造材料厚度和面密度的增加,吸声体中高频段吸声系数显著提高;受声面和背衬层的孔径尺寸和孔隙率的变化对双层复合非织造材料基吸声体的吸声性能影响较为显著。     

活性炭纤维材料吸声性能分析

为研究活性炭纤维的吸声性能,在同一工艺条件下制备了不同规格粘胶基活性炭纤维毡,用传递函数法在250～1 600 Hz中低频率声波范围内采用阻抗管对活性炭纤维材料的吸声性能进行测试,分析材料比表面积、厚度、面密度、空腔厚度等参数对吸声性能的影响。结果表明:活性炭纤维毡多孔材料具有较好的吸声性能,其对声波中频段的吸声好于低频段,随材料的比表面积、厚度、面密度、空腔厚度的增加,其吸声性能越好,但平均吸声系数增幅不同。     

大麻纤维絮片吸声性能研究

通过采用驻波比法测试大麻、苎麻和亚麻絮片在中、低频段的吸声系数来研究大麻纤维絮片吸声性能,分析了絮片厚度、后背空腔尺寸和化学试剂对大麻纤维吸声系数的影响,比较了大麻、苎麻和亚麻絮片的吸声性能.结果表明:大麻纤维絮片吸声系数随着厚度和后背空腔距离的增加而增大,但增幅逐渐减小;化学试剂能够改善大麻纤维的吸声性能;大麻纤维的吸声性能好于苎麻和亚麻纤维.     

玄武岩包芯织物的制备及吸声性能

针对玄武岩纤维集束性差且可纺可织性低的缺点,使用涤棉纤维与玄武岩纤维制备3种线密度的赛络包芯纱线,并测试其基础性能。分别使用3种纱线织制平纹、蜂巢2种不同组织的机织物,探讨不同材料、厚度及排列方式对于织物吸声效能的影响。结果表明:所纺不同线密度包芯纱的质量均良好稳定,不同材料中包芯玄武岩织物的平均吸声性能最好;玄武岩平纹织物叠加到厚度3 mm的吸声性能时良好,但随着厚度增加,中低频吸声系数稍有下降;将2种组织织物交替复合的方式形成不同梯度的多孔结构,可显著提高织物的吸声性能,低中频的平均吸声系数在0.2以上,高频吸声系数可达0.7。     

活性碳纤维材料吸声理论模型建立

参照圆管理论模型,以活性碳纤维毡内部微小通道为基础,确定活性碳纤维材料微孔中空气有效密度和有效压缩模量,建立活性碳纤维材料的吸声理论模型。接着,利用双通道阻抗管声学分析仪,测试活性碳纤维毡在250～6 300 Hz声波频率范围内的吸声系数,对比并分析计算的理论值和实测值。结果发现:理论值与实测值基本一致,这表明建立的活性碳纤维材料的吸声理论模型具有可行性。该模型可为设计和开发活性碳纤维吸声材料提供理论与技术支持。     

聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜/罗纹空气层织物复合吸声材料的制备及其性能

为探究针织物基复合吸声材料在降低噪声方面的可应用性，通过制备聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜与罗纹空气层织物复合材料，研究其吸声及其它基本性能，采用正交试验法对影响材料声学性能的因素进行分析，通过对实验数据进行极差分析，探究该材料可用于吸声的最佳参数。结果表明：复合材料吸声性能的影响因素从大到小依次为：覆膜情况、密度盘刻度、纱线种类；当密度盘刻度为2、毛/腈(50/50)混纺纱覆膜的情况下，复合材料的吸声效果达到最佳，平均吸声系数高于0.3,可用作吸声材料；聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的增加对织物吸声性能有很大改善；织物的吸声系数随着织物密度的增加而提高。     

针刺非织造材料形态与组合结构对材料吸声性能的影响

利用驻波管测试方法研究了几种不同厚度、不同密度和两种不同类型的纤维材料及其组合结构的吸声性能。研究结果表明,材料厚度的单因子条件与材料的吸声系数呈正线性相关;随着材料体积密度的增加,中低频声波的吸声系数提高,而高频声波的吸声系数呈现先提高后降低的趋势;材料的组合结构对材料的吸声性能影响很大,由中空纤维制成的低密度非织造材料与高密度非织造材料组合,并将高密度非织造材料置于表面,该组合方式的材料其吸声性能明显优于其他几种组合方式的材料。     

Effects of different parameters on acoustic properties of activated carbon fiber felts

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of different parameters on acoustic properties of activated carbon fiber felts. Seven viscose-based activated carbon fiber felts with different specifications were selected to test the sound absorption coefficients in normal incidence by using transfer-function method and an impedance tube in an acoustic range of 250–6300?Hz frequencies, and to analyze the effects on acoustic properties caused by factors such as: thickness, bulk density, and fiber diameter. The result demonstrated that activated carbon fiber felts exhibited exceptional acoustic properties. As frequency increases, sound absorption coefficients of less-thick felts went upwards in the whole range of frequencies; when the thickness amounted to 9?mm, sound absorption coefficients showed a sharp increase at low frequencies and a fluctuation at high frequencies. With the increase in thickness and bulk density, sound absorption properties improved first and then impaired at the same level of frequency; with a decrease in the fiber diameter, properties enhanced at the same level of frequency. When thickness and bulk density increased and fiber diameter decreased, sound absorption coefficients of the first resonance frequency displayed an upward trend to different degrees, while the first resonance frequencies declined discrepantly.     

Sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts

This paper is intended to study the influence of different factors on the sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts. Activated carbon fiber felts made from viscose fiber mats were prepared and later combined with perforated panels to form four different composite sound absorption structures. Based on the transfer function method, the impedance tube was used to test the sound absorption coefficients of composite structure in an acoustic range of 80–6300?Hz frequencies. Analysis was made to discuss the influence of such factors on the sound absorption properties as the position of activated carbon fiber felts, thickness, and air space. The results demonstrated that the composite structure displayed different sound absorption properties at different frequencies. Perforated panels played the dominant role in sound absorption by the occurrence of resonance at 80–3500?Hz frequencies, while porous materials contributed the most at 3500–6300?Hz frequencies. At 80–3500?Hz frequencies, the best performance could be observed in the third type of composite structure with changes in the position of activated carbon fiber; the first resonance frequency of the first type of composite structure and perforated panel structure was basically the same, and that of the remaining three types significantly shifted towards the low frequencies with the same scale. In smaller thickness range, with the increase in the thickness of activated carbon fiber felts, sound absorption coefficients of the first and second types of composite structure increased, the first resonance frequency of the first type showing no apparent shift towards the low frequencies compared with what was shown in the second type; but when the thickness arrived at 15.6?mm, sound absorption properties of the composite structure had similar traits to that performed by porous materials in an acoustic range of 80–6300?Hz frequencies. With the increase in the distance of air space, sound absorption properties were improving at 80–650?Hz frequencies but decreasing at 650–3500?Hz frequencies, the first resonance frequency moving towards the low frequencies. At 3500–6300?Hz frequencies, as the position of activated carbon fiber felts and the distance of air space varied, sound absorption coefficients were basically unchanged; while as thickness increased, sound absorption coefficients improved.     

棕榈纤维毡/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)热压复合材料的吸声性能

为缓解当前我国汽车内饰用黄麻吸声复合材料产量缩减的现状,研究了棕榈纤维毡/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)热压复合材料的吸声性能。在分析Johnson-Allard吸声模型后,研究了棕榈纤维毡与PHBV质量比、棕榈纤维毡面密度、棕榈纤维线密度、棕榈纤维毡梯度结构、多孔粉煤灰陶粒等对热压复合材料吸声系数的影响;探讨了优化工艺下棕榈纤维毡/PHBV热压复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明:当棕榈纤维毡与PHBV质量比为40∶60,棕榈纤维线密度为14.5 dtex,棕榈纤维毡梯度结构为143.3/102.5 g/m²时,制备的复合材料的平均吸声系数(200~1 600 Hz)最高,可达到0.53,添加质量分数为5%的多孔粉煤灰陶粒,可将复合材料的平均吸声系数提高到0.66,具有部分替代黄麻制备吸声复合材料的潜力。     

Analysis of acoustic performance of glass fiber felts after water absorption and their estimation results by artificial neural network

Abstract

The acoustic performance of glass fiber felts after water absorption was researched in the paper. The effects of sound frequency and moisture content on the sound transmission loss (STL) and sound absorption coefficient (SAC) were analyzed. In addition, two types of artificial neural networks (ANN) were established to estimate the acoustic performance. In the first ANN model, the sound frequency and moisture content were chosen as input parameters to predict the STL and SAC values. In another model, the output parameters were replaced by the ratios of STL and SAC to areal density. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the two models, the mean relative error and correlation coefficient were calculated respectively. It has been proved that the predicted values resulted from ANN models fit well with the measured values.     

The influence of production parameters on sound absorption of activated carbon fiber felts

Intended to study the influence of different production parameters on sound absorption of activated carbon fiber felts, viscose-based activated carbon fiber felts acquired from different production parameters were prepared and taken to test the sound absorption coefficients in normal incidence by means of transfer function method, within an acoustic range of 250–6300 Hz in the impedance tube. Analysis was made to find the influence of carbonization temperature, carbonization rate, activation temperature, and activation time on sound absorption properties. Sound absorption coefficients at medium–low frequencies strikingly climbed with the increasing frequency, while fluctuating at high frequencies. Other production parameters remaining constant, sound absorption coefficients increased at medium–low frequencies with the rising carbonization temperature and the extended activation time, while subsequently decreased with the rising carbonization rate and carbonization temperature. At the same time, sound absorption coefficients decreased at high frequencies with the rising carbonization temperature and carbonization rate, while increased but later decreased with the rising activation temperature, and increased again with the added time in activation.     

废弃羽毛的结构特征及其吸声性能

为对废弃羽毛资源进行合理化利用,借助多功能纤维投影仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了羽毛的大分子结构、聚集态结构及其形态结构,探究了羽毛结构与其吸声性能之间的关系。采用声阻抗传递函数法对羽毛及其他几种可用于吸声领域的纤维集合体进行吸声性能测试及对比。结果表明:几种纤维集合体吸声性能排序为废弃羽毛、木棉纤维、羊毛、大麻纤维、涤纶;在整个测试频率范围内废弃羽毛的吸声性能随纤维集合体密度的增加而提高,且纤维集合体最大吸声系数对应的吸声频率随纤维集合体密度的增加逐渐降低;废弃羽毛纤维具有优良的吸声性能,在吸声领域具有很高的应用价值。     

Establishment of acoustic characteristic model of activated carbon fiber felts

Abstract

In order to analyze two basic characteristic acoustic parameters of activated carbon fiber felts: propagation constant and characteristic impedance, the theoretical model of characteristic impedance concerning the two parameters was established by means of motion and continuity equations based on the propagation theory of acoustic waves in activated carbon fiber materials. On the basis of acoustic theories proposed by Zwikker and Kosten, taking into account of the vibrating influence occurring among fibers and modifying the effective air density and the effective bulk modulus, theoretical model of characteristic acoustic parameters of activated carbon fiber materials was established. Surface acoustic impedance was tested with an impedance tube when activated carbon fiber materials were subjected to an acoustic range of 250–2500?Hz frequencies, then propagation constant and characteristic impedance of activated carbon fiber materials were defined by the method of double thickness. Statistics of two acoustic characteristic parameters in theory and trial were compared and contrasted, which showed that the theoretical model had its feasibility and could provide reference for developing and designing the activated carbon fiber materials with sound absorbing properties.     

车用废纺双密度毡吸声隔声性能研究

利用涤棉混纺纤维制得由一层紧密毡料和一层蓬松毡料构成的双密度毡,并测试了双密度毡的吸声和隔声性能.测试结果表明:双密度毡对高频噪声的吸收效果较好,而对低频噪声的吸收效果较盖;在一定范围内增加双密度毡的厚度,可以相应提高其吸声性能;材料的隔声性能与自身构件的振动频率有关,本试验样品的最高和最低隔声量分别出现在声波频率为3...     

Acoustic performance of woven fabrics in relation to structural parameters and air permeability

This work deals with the study of the acoustic characteristics of woven fabrics in relation to fabric structural parameters and air permeability. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, sound absorption coefficient of woven fabric samples was determined via impedance tube method. Samples with various pick densities and yarn twist were used. The effect of fabric thickness was analyzed using three and six layered test samples. Results showed that, while for all samples the minimum values of sound absorption were observed at frequency bands of 250 and 2000?Hz, the maximum sound absorption occurred at the frequency of 1000?Hz. Results also indicated that fabrics woven at pick density of 30?thread/cm exhibited higher sound absorption than fabrics woven at other pick densities. It was found that, noise reduction coefficient of three and six layered samples, woven at low pick densities showed significant increases in comparison to those woven at high pick densities. It was also established that samples woven with lower weft yarn twist absorb sound wave more efficiently. It was concluded that fabric air permeability can be used as a criterion of sound absorption behavior of woven fabrics.