Investigation of fibre reinforced mud brick as a building material

Most of the buildings in the rural areas are made out of limestone, low quality traditional concrete brick and adobe. But these materials do not have sufficiently high compressive strengths. In the present research, an earthquake-resistant material with high compressive strength has been sought. To this end, the mechanical properties of certain combinations of fibrous waste materials and some stabilisers were investigated thoroughly and some concrete conclusions were drawn. It was concluded that the interface layers of fibrous materials increased the compressive strength and a certain geometrical shape of these layer materials gave the best results. The mix proposed satisfies the minimum compressive strength requirements of ASTM and Turkish Standards.     

茂名油页岩废渣存在现状及应用的新途径探讨

广东茂名地区油页岩储量非常丰富,经过半个多世纪的开发,已经产生了大量油页岩废渣,废渣的堆积对茂名的环境造成很大污染,侵占了大量的土地资源.系统研究了茂名现存2类油页岩废渣的来源、现存形态、成分等.同时提出了利用废渣的新途径-利用油页岩废渣制取免蒸免烧砖.利用现存的2种不同种类的油页岩废渣分别制取了免蒸免烧砖,进行了力学性能测试,试验结果显示,油页岩废渣砖可以取代红砖,达到节约土地资源、节能利废的目的.     

Development of sustainable construction material using industrial and agricultural solid waste: A review of waste-create bricks

Accumulation of unmanaged industrial or agricultural solid waste especially in developing countries has resulted in an increased environmental concern. Recycling of such wastes as a sustainable construction material appears to be viable solution not only to pollution problem but also an economical option to design of green buildings. In view of utilization of industrial and agricultural waste material for developing sustainable construction material, the present paper reviews various waste materials in different compositions that were added to the raw material at different levels to develop waste-create bricks (WCB). Various physico-mechanical and thermal properties of the bricks incorporating different waste materials are reviewed and recommendations are suggested as the outcome of the study. The reviewed approach for the design and development of WCB using industrial solid waste is useful to provide a potential sustainable solution.     

Using phosphogypsume and boron concentrator wastes in light brick production

In this study, use of wastes produced in phosphoric acid plants and boron concentrators in producing structural brick has been investigated. There are several parameters involved in using these wastes in brick production namely the rate of added waste, firing speed and firing temperature. The performance of these parameters can be measured by several criteria such as natural drying shortening, water absorption and weight loss. Therefore, so many experiments are needed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the bricks produced with these wastes. To this end, around 220 experiments for three different material combinations namely original waste plus normal brick clay, washed waste plus normal brick clay and normal brick clay with no additive were carried out. The results have shown that the industrial wastes produced by phosphoric acid plants can improve the performance of the bricks in terms of drying shortening, weight loss and water absorption.     

Use of animal proteins as foaming agent in cementitious concrete composites manufactured with recycled PET aggregates

Manufacturing of lightweight building materials is identified as an alternative procedure for valorising reused materials. With intent to valorise two wastes of food industry at the same time, this paper describes an innovative use of animal protein as foaming agent while consumed plastic bottle wastes are introduced as light aggregates.Relative changes in properties of concrete composites due to introducing proteins are experimentally investigated here.The results presented show that the two wastes clearly improve the flowability of the mortar. Both mechanical properties and bulk density of the composites are affected too, but thermal conductivity is improved. In this way, the obtained composites would appear to be low-cost materials which would contribute to resolving some of the solid waste problems in addition to conserving energy.     

建筑垃圾制免烧免蒸砖的环境影响评价

随着城镇建设的快速发展,建筑垃圾剧增,对环境和社会的影响越加严重,建筑垃圾的减量化、资源化和再利用成为建筑业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。免烧免蒸砖是一种替代传统粘土实心砖的新型墙体材料,有利于节能、节地、利废,促进循环经济发展,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。文章通过对建筑垃圾制免烧免蒸砖生产工艺的调查,系统分析了生产过程的各项环境排放因素,并运用生命周期评价理论和方法,对其生产过程的环境影响进行定量研究和综合测算。针对建筑垃圾制免烧免蒸砖的生产过程中主要环境影响因素,包括温室气体和粉尘的排放等,提出了改进建议。     

香港建筑废物再生骨料混凝土的研究进展

减少,回收和再利用各种废物是当今世界可持续发展的战略之一.香港的建筑工业每天都要产生大量的建筑废物,处理和管理这些建筑废物已经成为严重的社会问题和环境问题.随着经济的快速增长,国内的一些大城市中建筑废物的处理和管理同样成为主要的环境和社会问题之一.回收和再利用建筑废物,不仅可以节约处理建筑废物的土地,减少管理和处理建筑废物的成本,而且可以节约大量的自然资源.香港政府已经建立了回收和筛选建筑废物的设施.香港理工大学在回收和再利用建筑废物领域开展了近十年的研究工作,取得了一定的成果并向香港政府推荐了再生骨料回收再利用的规范.笔者介绍香港理工大学在研究建筑废物再生骨料混凝土方面取得的成果,包括建筑废物再生骨料环保砖、粉煤灰再生骨料混凝土、蒸汽养护再生骨料混凝土等.并介绍再生骨料混凝土在香港湿地公园的应用情况.这些技术成果将对回收和利用建筑废物起到促进作用.     

在坯料中添加生活垃圾对陶瓷透水砖性能的影响

利用破损陶瓷及废料在常规生产工艺下制造低成本、高附加值的透水砖,并探讨了生活垃圾添加量对透水砖性能的影响;提高生活垃圾添加量可以提高透水砖的抗折强度和致密度,但降低了透水砖的透水性能和吸水率。生活垃圾在砖坯中起两个相反的作用——成孔和熔剂,控制生活垃圾添加量在5%内,对陶瓷透水砖的透水性能影响不大。     

Synthesis of sol–gel titania bactericide coatings on adobe brick

This study presents the development and characterisation of transparent sol–gel TiO₂ coatings based on titanium IV isopropoxide (TIP4), formed on a sustainable clay brick material (adobe). The sol–gel layers modified the surface of adobe, which can potentially lead to new functionalities enhancing adobe performance, e.g. higher water resistance and imparting bactericidal behaviour. X-ray diffraction results on synthesised TiO₂ layers based on TIP4 showed that the film has characteristic peaks of anatase phase. Static SIMS analysis was used to detect the presence of TiO₂ on adobe surfaces, which were also observed by TEM confirming their thickness to be in the range 20–50 nm. Sol–gel double SiO₂–TiO₂ layers were also deposited on adobe substrates. These coatings did not exhibit any cracks neither signs of peeling off from the substrate. The developed surface modified adobe bricks are attractive sustainable building materials.     

利用建筑垃圾原料生产再生砖的探讨

简要介绍了再生骨料类别、建筑垃圾原料的含义;以再生砖为研究视角,探索建筑垃圾原料的性能,研究其生产再生砖的工艺流程;研究方法为:用骨料级配、用水量作为控制变量,研究两者对再生砖属性的影响作用;研究发现:以骨料生产再生砖具有可行性,再生砖强度的影响因素为砂率与湿度,砂率为67%左右时为佳,骨料湿度与再生砖强度两者成正比关系。     

Red ceramic industrial products incorporated with oily wastes

An industrial scale investigation into the effects of oily wastes incorporated into different red ceramic products for building construction was carried out for the first time. The oily wastes were a crude sludge derived from petroleum separation process and its inert treated form. Into clayey for brick and tile production were incorporated up to 5% by wt. of these oily wastes. The results showed that practically no change occurred in the main technological properties required to specify porous red ceramic products. On the other hand, the workability of the unfired material for extrusion may be affected and, in some cases, even improved by the oily waste incorporation.     

利用建筑垃圾制抗冻型标准砖

建筑垃圾经分选、破碎、筛分处理作为再生骨料,与生态型水泥(主要由高钙粉煤灰、矿渣和脱硫石膏等固体废弃物制备)、防冻助剂、水按比例计量、搅拌,经振压成型工艺生产高性能标准砖。产品具有优异的抗冻融性,固体废弃物含量达96%,其他性能满足《混凝土实心砖》(GB/T21144-2007)标准要求,强度等级MU15。     

利用宁波建筑废弃土生产高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的研究

主要研究了利用宁波建筑废弃土生产高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖和建筑废弃土的净化处理技术、物理化学和烧结性能。试验结果表明:将建筑废弃土进行净化处理后,作为高掺量粉煤灰的粘结剂是可行的;高掺量粉煤灰烧结空心砖粉煤灰最大掺量可达60%,最佳掺量为50%(重量比),这对当地新型墙体材料生产及工业废渣的综合利用将起到促进与示范作用。     

秸秆节能墙体的应用研究

可持续建筑的发展对于缓解资源紧张、维护生态环境有着现实的意义。它要求建筑墙体材料的选择必须符合节能、节地和减废等特点。农作物秸秆作为一种可自然回收的常见资源,其取材方便,加工简单,成本低廉,是一种性能优良的绿色墙体材料。通过对单一秸秆砖墙的结构体系和物理性能的全面分析以及秸秆复合板的组成及性能的详细阐述,揭示秸秆在节能...     

Neural extension of experimental data to investigate using phosphogypsume in light brick production

In this study, usability of wastes produced in phosphoric acid plants in structural brick manufacture has been investigated. There are several parameters involved in using these wastes in brick production namely the rate of added waste, firing speed and firing temperature. The performance of these parameters can be measured by several criteria such as natural drying shortening, water absorption and weight loss. Therefore, so many experiments are needed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the bricks produced with these wastes. The result of a series of experiments were utilized to achieve this end. The results have shown that the industrial wastes considered improve the performance of the bricks in terms of the criteria mentioned above. However, the results have also shown that further investigations are needed to explore the effects of interim values on the performance of the bricks. To achieve that end, a neural experimental study is adopted. For this purpose, the results of the experiments conducted were used to construct an artificial neural network. The trained and tested network was then used to check the effects of 280 different combinations for each type of material mixtures mentioned. The outcome of these artificial tests have provided the optimal values for the waste addition rate, firing speed and firing temperature based on the four criteria mentioned previously.     

化肥厂沸腾炉渣制砖的试验研究

以提高强度和降低成本为目的，研究了用化肥厂沸腾炉渣制砖的最佳经济配方，结果表明：适量的粉煤．灰、石灰和无机盐激发剂，可保证废渣砖的强度性能超过100#红砖的国家标准，而成本低于当地的红砖。     

The using of waste phosphogypsum and natural gypsum in adobe stabilization

The best known disadvantages of adobe are its low mechanical properties and poor resistance to water damage. In this research waste phosphogypsum (PG) and natural gypsum were used as stabilization material to improve the properties of adobe soil and to reduce its disadvantages at least partially. The compressive and flexural strength, softening in water, drying shrinkage and unit weight values were determined on adobe samples. The strength values of adobe samples increased with both gypsum additions. The most resistance of the adobe samples against softening in water was obtained with 25% PG addition. Drying shrinkage of test samples reduced with increasing PG content. The dry unit weight of the specimens was not in the recommended range specified in the standards. Test results showed that PG can be used as alternative material in adobe stabilization to bring economy and to reduce environmental pollution.     

中国墙体材料可持续发展技术途径探讨

实心粘土砖在中国沿用了2000多年,至今仍在墙体材料中占据主导地位,不实现中国墙体材料的可持续发展,在结合国情并借鉴国外经验的基础上,对中国墙体材料可持续发展的技术途径进行了探讨,并提出了有重点地开发若干种节土、节能、利废、有利于环境保护和多功能的新型墙体材料及其应配套材料的建议。     

城市大宗固废制备建材的环境评价体系研究

城市大宗固废资源化于制备建材是消纳固废的重要手段,本研究初步建立起科学合理的城市大宗固废制备绿色建筑材料的环境评价体系,以企业为主体,结合生产过程中的大气排放和建材产品使用和废弃时可浸出重金属进行评价,有助于提升我国固废资源化利用的整体技术水平,促进我国建材和建筑业的可持续发展。     

来自于建筑应该回归到建筑--对墙改可持续发展机制的思考

墙体材料改革已经遍布全国许多省市,当前相当多的新型墙体材料所用的原料仍然是天然砂、石。城乡建设突飞猛进,在建设现代化大城市的进程中,旧房屋的拆除非常普遍,产生了大量的混凝土碎块、砖碎块等建筑渣土。发达国家对建筑渣土的利用已取得许多成功的处理技术和经验,值得我们借鉴。对建筑渣土的回收利用可首先考虑按照国家标准的要求制作非承重新型砌块,在市场经济条件下需要建立一种机制,寻求降低工程造价和墙改的可持续发展。