(SiCP/Cu)-铜箔叠层复合材料的制备与组织性能

采用浸涂法和热压烧结法制备了（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料,研究了SiC_P含量对材料组织结构、拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,制备的（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料层间厚度均匀,界面结合力良好,增强颗粒SiC能够弥散分布于黏结相中和界面处。随着SiC_P体积分数的增加,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度都先增加后降低,当SiC_P的体积分数为20vol%（总体积为100）时,其抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为226.5 MPa和113.1 MPa,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和部分脆性解理断裂。裂纹扩展方向平行于层界面时,材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加略有减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值16.96 MPa·m^1/2;裂纹扩展方向垂直于层界面时,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加逐渐减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值12.51 MPa·m^1/2。     

多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiCP/2A14铝合金复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术对SiC颗粒增强2A14铝合金(SiC_P/2A14)复合材料进行处理,通过金相表征、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、SEM、硬度测试及力学拉伸实验等分析了多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiC_P/2A14复合材料微观组织、力学性能及超塑性变形行为的影响。研究表明:经搅拌摩擦加工后,SiC_P/2A14复合材料搅拌区内SiC颗粒分布明显均匀,晶粒细化,其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的晶粒尺寸最小,为3.14 μm。随着搅拌加工道次的增加,SiC_P/2A14复合材料的硬度降低,室温抗拉强度和高温延伸率均先提高后降低,其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的室温抗拉强度为319 MPa,相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了41%,在500℃、应变速率为1.0×10?3 s?1条件下高温延伸率为609%,相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了133%。      

SiC 和Gr 颗粒混杂增强Al 基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性的研究

比较了SiC 和Gr 颗粒混杂增强Al 基复合材料的干摩擦磨损行为, 并与单一SiC_P 和单一G_rP 增强Al 基复合材料的相应行为进行了比较。结果表明, 在低载荷(< 30 N ) 时, SiC_P 和G_rP 能协调作用, 使混杂复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均比单一SiC_P 和G_rP 增强复合材料低。在较高载荷(30～ 120 N ) 时, 混杂复合材料磨损以剥层磨损机制为主, 摩擦系数比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料低, 磨损率比单一G_rP 增强复合材料低得多, 比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料高。混杂复合材料对偶件的磨损比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料低得多。      

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的纯铜中间层液相扩散焊

采用Cu箔中间层在Ar气氛保护、550℃条件下过渡液相扩散焊(TLP)焊接SiC颗粒(SiC_P)增强Al基复合材料SiC_P/ZL101和SiC_P/Al (SiC_P 10vol%),对母材与焊接接头的微观组织、剪切强度、焊接接头剪切断面与断裂路径等进行分析。结果表明:在铸Al(ZL101)与纯Al(Al)基体中,分别通过共晶温度较低的Al-Si-Cu(524℃)三元共晶反应与Al-Cu(548℃)二元共晶反应实现中间层金属/基体金属(M/M)界面润湿。其中铸Al基体焊接接头中虽有颗粒偏聚,但由于Al-Si-Cu三元共晶反应的Cu含量(26.7wt%)低于Al-Cu二元共晶反应的Cu含量(33wt%),SiC_P/ZL101焊接接头焊缝中CuAl₂相少于SiC_P/Al焊接接头焊缝中的CuAl₂相,且未出现CuAl₂相的聚集,故其强度较高。Cu中间层形成的金属间化合物CuAl₂相是影响焊接接头力学性能的重要因素,两种复合材料焊接接头的剪切强度分别为85.4 MPa和73 MPa。      

SiCP/AZ91复合材料的显微组织、力学性能及强化机制

通过搅拌铸造工艺制备出SiC_P体积分数分别为2%、5%、10%和15%的4种5 μm SiC_P/镁合金（AZ91）复合材料。对5 μm SiC_P/AZ91进行了固溶、锻造和热挤压。通过与AZ91对比,研究了SiC_P对AZ91基体热变形后显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的晶粒尺寸取决于SiC_P的体积分数。SiC_P的体积分数由0%增加到10%时,SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的平均晶粒尺寸减小;当SiC_P颗粒继续增加到体积分数为15%时,平均晶粒尺寸反而增大。SiC_P的加入能显著提高AZ91的屈服强度和弹性模量,并随颗粒体积分数的增加而增大。SiC_P对AZ91基体的强化作用主要源于位错强化、细晶强化和载荷传递作用,其中,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献最大。     

铜-石墨复合材料的半固态铸造研究

首次采用半固态加工方法对QTi3.5-3.5石墨复合材料进行了研究,得到了半固态浆料固相率与铸锭中石墨颗粒分布之间的关系,确定了获得石墨颗粒均匀分布的QTi3.5-3.5石墨复合材料的半固态加工技术条件。结果表明,随着半固态浆料固相率的增大,石墨颗粒的上浮偏聚程度逐渐减小,当采用固相率大于40%的半固态浆料进行铸造时,石墨颗粒的上浮偏聚现象得以消除,可获得石墨颗粒均匀分布的QTi3.5-3.5石墨复合材料。     

多层喷射共沉积制备 SiCP/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si复合材料

采用多层喷射沉积工艺制备SiC_P/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si复合材料, 研究了雾化及沉积工艺参数对沉积坯状态及SiC颗粒捕获的影响。结果表明, 液流直径大、雾化气体压力小、喷射高度小会导致沉积坯组织恶化, 反之则造成收得率低、致密度低。雾化器扫描不均匀则会造成沉积坯形状不均匀, 而且会由于热量集中导致显微组织恶化。SiC颗粒输送压力的提高有利于SiC颗粒的捕获以及颗粒的均匀分布。多层喷射沉积制备SiC_P/Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si的优化工艺参数为: 液流直径3.6 mm, 雾化气体压力0.8 MPa, 喷射高度200 mm, SiC 颗粒输送压力0.5 MPa。 沉积坯存在两种SiC-Al界面: 晶态Si界面层与非晶态SiO₂界面层。     

利用几何优化的搅拌设备改善半固态搅拌法制备的B4Cp/A356复合材料的颗粒分布均匀性

本工作旨在验证几何优化的搅拌设备对半固态搅拌法制备的B_4C_p/A356复合材料颗粒分布均匀性的改善效果。通过建立几何参数优化后的搅拌设备模型,用FLUENT软件模拟和分析了半固态搅拌法(SSSM)制备的B_4C_p/A356的流场,并分别用普通搅拌设备和优化的搅拌设备制备出B_4C_p/A356铝锭,然后从宏观与微观的角度分析了B_4C颗粒的分散效果。模拟与分析结果表明:优化后的搅拌设备在半固态铝液(SSAL)中搅拌时,能够产生促进B_4C颗粒分散的三层非等速交汇涡流;桨叶倾斜角为60°的二层对推正交式搅拌桨增大了桨叶与半固态铝液的接触面积,且使下层铝液中的B_4C颗粒分布更为均匀。     

叶片对铝铅合金液中铅分布的影响

针对铝铅合金液电磁搅拌中存在的重金属铅偏聚问题,在常规电磁搅拌方法基础上,利用自行设计的内壁布有直叶片坩埚,对铝铅合金液进行了电磁-叶片搅拌研究,采用多点冷淬方法,得到了叶片布置角度对铝铅合金液内铅分布的影响规律,确定了铅分布均匀的铝铅合金液的电磁-叶片搅拌技术.结果表明:叶片与坩埚径向夹角β决定着铅在坩埚径向上的分布,叶片与坩埚轴向夹角γ决定着铅在坩埚轴向上的分布,当β为35°、γ为25°时,可得到铅在坩埚径向上和轴向上都分布均匀的Al-28%Pb合金液,显著地提高了铸造Al-28%Pb合金材料的性能.     

基于同步辐射X射线的SiC颗粒/Al复合材料变形损伤

通过原位X射线成像系统研究了两种SiC粒径配比（45 μm和（45+100）μm）对70vol% SiC颗粒（SiC_P）/Al复合材料变形损伤行为的影响。在准静态压缩加载下,利用X射线数字图像相关方法（XDIC）计算了SiC_p/Al复合材料在不同变形阶段的应变场分布。宏观应力-应变曲线表明,因颗粒尺寸引起的SiC_p/Al复合材料的强度差异较小,但粒径配比为45 μm的SiC_P/Al的延展性明显优于（100+45）μm的SiC_P/Al。细观应变场分析表明,粒径配比为（100+45）μm的SiC_P/Al比45 μm的SiC_P/Al更早出现变形损伤带,且前者在变形后期其应变场不均匀性更高。这是由于（100+45）μm SiC_P/Al中更早在大颗粒附近出现应变集中点,而且这些集中点会迅速长大和汇聚进而形成宏观裂纹,导致材料更早失效和破坏。因此,减小颗粒尺寸和促进颗粒均匀分布有利于提高颗粒增强金属基复合材料的延展性。断口回收分析表明:两种颗粒尺寸的SiC_P/Al复合材料的断裂模式都属于脆性断裂,且断口中都发现有颗粒破坏和界面脱粘现象存在。      

Preparation QT3.5-3.5 graphite lubricant material with semi-solid casting technology

For the first time, the distribution of graphite particles in QTi3.5-3.5 graphite ingot was studied by using semi-solid casting technology. The results show that: the relationship between solid fraction and stirring temperature of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry is y=759.4-0.711x (where y is solid fraction, x is stirring temperature). With the increasing of solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry, the agglomeration of graphite particles in ingot reduces gradually. The condition to prepare QTi3.5-3.5 graphite lubricant material with even distribution of graphite particles is that the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry is larger than 40%.     

Preparation QTi3.5-3.5 Graphite Lubricant Material with Semi-solid Casting Technology

For the first time, the distribution of graphite particles in QTi3.5-3.5 graphite ingot was studied by using semi-solid casting technology. The results show that: the relationship between solid fraction and stirring temperature of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry is y=759.4-0.711x (where y is solid fraction, x is stirring temperature). With the increasing of solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry, the agglomeration of graphite particles in ingot reduces gradually. The condition to prepare QTi3.5-3.5 graphite lubricant material with even distribution of graphite particles is that the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry is larger than 40%.     

SiCp/Al复合材料搅拌铸造新型搅拌器流场及工艺研究

SiCp/Al复合材料搅拌铸造法虽然具有制备成本低、近终成型的优点,但是实现SiC颗粒在铝合金熔体的均匀分散难度很大,这与搅拌器结构及搅拌工艺有直接关系。采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法开展了新型桨栅复合搅拌器设计及其工艺研究,比较了桨栅复合搅拌器与单一搅拌器的流场结构和速度场分布,并在此基础上进行了搅拌铸造工艺研究。结果表明:(1)桨栅复合搅拌器能够较好地实现复合材料大体积熔体的均匀搅拌和高速剪切,复合搅拌器内熔体的流场为较好的轴向和径向循环,液面更为平稳,搅拌转速500r/min时熔体最大速度为3.9m/s,流场结构和剪切速度均优于单一形式搅拌器;(2)用桨栅复合搅拌器进行20%(质量分数)SiCp/A357复合材料搅拌铸造工艺实验,在搅拌温度610℃、搅拌转速500r/min、搅拌时间20min的工艺条件下,SiC颗粒分布均匀且无气孔缺陷。     

Production of SiC particulate reinforced aluminium composites by melt spinning

Melt spinning is successfully used for the preparation of a rapidly solidified SiC particle reinforced AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy. The composites are prepared by introducing SiC particles in a semi-solid matrix slurry (SiC volume fractions up to 0.15, particle size 10 or 20 m). Duralcan material (SiC volume fraction 0.20, particle size 12 m) was also used. After stirring in the semi-solid state the composites are heated above the liquidus temperature and subsequently melt-spun. Featureless, columnar and dendritic zones can be identified in the ribbons. A finer dendritic structure is found around the SiC particles. The SiC particles tend to segregate to the air side of the ribbons and the segregation effect is influenced by particle size and volume fraction. As interface velocities are higher than the critical velocities predicted by models on interface pushing, it is concluded that fluid flow in the melt puddle is responsible for the segregation effect.     

Abrasive wear of Al2O3-reinforced aluminium-based MMCs

The effects of volume fraction, Al₂O₃ particle size and effects of porosity in the composites on the abrasive wear resistance of compo-casting Al alloy MMCs have been studied for different abrasive conditions. It was seen that porosity in the composites is proportional to particle content. In addition, process variables like the stirring speed, and the position and diameter of the stirrer affect of the porosity content in a way similar to that observed for particle content. In addition, the abrasive wear rates of composites decreased more rapidly with increase in Al₂O₃ volume fraction in tests performed over 80 grade SiC abrasive paper than in tests conducted over 220 grade SiC abrasive paper. Furthermore, the wear rates decreased with increase in Al₂O₃ size for the composites containing the same amount of Al₂O₃. Hence, it is deduced that aluminium alloy composites reinforced with larger Al₂O₃ particles are more effective against abrasive wear than those reinforced with smaller Al₂O₃ particles. At the same time the results show that the beneficial effects of hard Al₂O₃ particles on wear resistance far surpassed that of the sintered porosity in the compocasting metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Nevertheless, the fabrication of composites containing soft particles such as graphite favors a reduction in the friction coefficient. For this reason graphite and copper were used in the matrix in different amounts to detect their effect on wear resistance. Finally, it was seen that wear rate of the composites decreased considerably with graphite additions.