The early nineteenth century planning of Newcastle upon Tyne

This article seeks to re‐examine the social, political and economic factors involved in the redevelopment of central Newcastle between 1834–1840, and to suggest possible parallels with aspects of planning practice today. It emphasizes the contribution of the entrepreneur Richard Grainger and — utilizing the author's recent study — the architect John Dobson's possible advisory role. Using a number of previously unpublished maps and plans, earlier replanning schemes by Dobson and others are analysed in the context of the history and development of the town. In particular, attention is paid to ways in which these differed from, but may have influenced, the central area redevelopment scheme. This itself is assessed in terms of both the planning principles involved and its essentially commercial rationale, highlighted by details of the actual occupation of sites. Examination is also made of Grainger's relationship with the municipal authorities of the day and his financial methodology.     

The 'photographic tour' in nineteenth century Scotland

This paper examines the emergence of the 'photographic tour' as a distinct cultural form in Scotland. Analysis of the written accounts of photographers visiting Scotland in the mid 19th century reveals a pattern of recurring attitudes in which Scottish topography is understood in terms of its history, literature and social culture. It is also related to parallel developments in other branches of leisure and recreation, and is thus shown to be an integral element in the growth of mass tourism.     

Crossing the roads: urban diagonals in New Zealand and the nineteenth century Anglo-colonial world

Diagonal street orientations in urban Europe were cut through the crust of the ancient city by popes, monarchs and governments to create a network of voided lines and points which injected the city with new levels of functionality and legibility for a particular regime. In the Anglo-Colonial New World, the grid was the dominant plan form with diagonals emerging only occasionally, as gestures of projected urban grandeur, geometric whimsy or vigorous boosterism. Despite inauspicious beginnings in Auckland in 1841, diagonal planning became a feature of a number of New Zealand's cities and towns. The research methodology privileges the autonomy of visual language as a critical component of the economy of knowledge1 Josef Konvitz, Cities and the Sea: Port City Planning in Early Modern Europe (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1978), xii–xiii. and focuses on primary archival graphic material from the Alexander Turnbull Library, and the National Archives in Wellington. The paper surveys the development of diagonal plans across settlements in late nineteenth century New Zealand and, with reference to examples in the USA, identifies the typologies of, and motivations behind, diagonal planning in this context.     

谈城中村发展及其意义

城中村是我国快速城市化过程中,由于二元规划制度作用而产生的一种独特的地域空间。指出城中村形成与发展很大程度上是由于地方城市政府现行政策的二元性、趋利性造成的。城中村在支撑中国式快速发展的城市化进程中承担者非常重要的作用,具有非常现实的意义。因此本文提出城中村的改造必须摒弃全盘拉倒的做法,从制度层面进行深刻变革。     

西流村片区城中村改造方案设计

简述了太原市西流村片区的现状及存在的问题,从地理位置、周边环境等方面,分析了西流村片区发展的有利条件及不利因素,并对该区域的规划设计要点进行了论述,为今后城中村改造设计提供了参考。     

改进和加强农村消防工作刍议

通过分析农村消防工作面临的主要问题,提出了当前农村消防工作应坚持的原则及具体措施。     

Geographic labor mobility in nineteenth century England and Wales

Historical evidence suggests that successful economic development efforts have been characterized by a structural transformation of the developing economy from one dominated by agricultural employment and production to one dominated by nonagricultural employment and production. Such transformations have typically involved the migration of relatively sizeable fractions of the nation's agricultural work force to centers of nonagricultural employment and production. In this study we employ regression analysis to examine the magnitudes in which various factors influenced intercounty migration in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century. Our evidence suggests that out-migration tended to be lower the higher the agricultural wage that prevailed in a county. The results also reflect the attractiveness of job opportunities in the nonagricultural sector and the deterring effects of distance.     

The village within: an alternative genealogy of the urban village

The ‘urban village’, as it has come to be known since the 1980s, has very little to do with the rural. This coupling of terms, however, evokes a longer history of attempts to marry the urban with the rural, without either losing their distinctive attributes. This article traces this genealogy to Patrick Geddes's conceptualisation of the term in India, and focusses the analysis on two projects: the 1930 ‘Green City’ proposal by the constructivists Moisei Ginzburg and Mikhail Barshch, and the planning of Dodoma, Tanzania’a post-colonial capital, by the Canadian firm Project Planning Associates and the American James Rossant in the late 1970s. Both projects addressed nascent socialist societies, but the former was part of an industrialisation campaign while the latter was part of a villagisation campaign. By re-imagining the village as a component that can be integrated into the city, both aimed at a socio-economic reconfiguration of the town-country relationship on a territorial scale. Reconsidering the term ‘urban village’ as part of a broader history of urban-rural planning emphasises how experiments in the Global South, as well as other locations outside the professional hegemonic centre, shed new light on the discipline's core assumptions about the urban-rural divide.     

浅谈城中村改造的问题与对策

从用地规划、社区治安、城市管理政策三方面分析了晋中市“城中村”的主要问题，例举了资金、拆迁等方面的改造困难，提出了改造“城中村”的一些建议，以促进晋中市城市化进程的加快。     

城中村问题调查与分析

以华北地区为主要研究对象,对秦皇岛山东堡地区进行了深入调研,从中发现城中村存在的一些共性问题,通过分析找出了症结所在并提出合理的解决方案。     

某小区高层住宅桩基设计

结合太原市某高层建筑工程的地质条件,确定了钢筋混凝土灌注桩地基处理方案,分析计算了灌注桩桩径为600 mm与700 mm时的工程造价,最终采用了桩径为700 mm的钢筋混凝土灌注桩基础,指出通过控制桩身承载力与桩截面面积的比值,可有效控制钢筋混凝土灌注桩的用钢量,进而减少桩基的造价。     

逆作法注浆技术在地基加固中的应用

通过介绍新建楼房地基加固的方案选择、施工过程及监测方法，了解了逆作法注浆是一种针对复杂性软弱地基，先进行工程施工，然后进行地基处理的地基加固方法，具有针对性强、节省工期、操作简便、效果显著的优点。     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

新世纪城市建设的发展走向

针对21世纪社会经济的高速发展形势,结合我国土地资源状况、城市建设及未来城市人口的增长速度等特点,从可持续发展的角度着重分析了新世纪城市建设的发展走向,指出加强新型结构、形式、新型建筑材料的研究,是实现新世纪建设的重要措施。     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

基于城乡差别化的村庄环境整治规划实践

为保持乡村的传统特色,在借鉴和延续城市建设经验的基础上,提出从城乡差别化视角入手,在村庄环境整治规划中采用多元化的方法,以延续传统空间肌理,提升村庄环境整治的综合水平。     

广州城中村改造的问题和改造可行性模式研究

分析了“城中村”的浅层涵义及其本质,认为“城中村”已经演化为“为城市流动人口提供廉租房的低收入社区”,仅考虑村民的改造措施是不妥当的。本文对“城中村”改造过程中遇到的政策和现实问题进行了剖析,认为政府主导的“城中村”改造目的应当是不谋“城中村”的区位利益,只为身为弱势群体的低收入流动人口的居住质量谋福利。在此基础上,“自我原位塑造”,即“在原有区位上由村民或村集体改造自身”是可行的模式。