Collaborative management of studentification processes: the case of Newcastle upon Tyne

This paper explores both benefits and potential drawbacks deriving from the spatial distribution of student accommodations across Newcastle upon Tyne. The core of the paper focuses on the interconnections, collaboration and exchange between university and city council as a potential “win–win strategy” for managing the spatial distribution of students across the city. On the one hand, both universities and local authorities in Newcastle are aware of how the urban location of student accommodation provides both services and facilities to students and positive implications for other inhabitants (and the local economy) as well. On the other hand, the increasing number of students living in both private and university accommodations can cause a progressive decrease in families living in such neighbourhoods in the long run. The risk is the formation of an “exclusive geography” in some parts of the city centre, in which the colonisation by students may cause the definition of a “distinctive time and space framework” (Chatterton in Geoforum 30:117–133, 1999), not always in line with that of non-student neighbours. Collaborative planning between university and city council is showing potential solutions for generating new urban spaces which in turn produce collective benefits within the city. This paper concludes that student housing planning should be reconceptualised in the light of collaborative schemes between universities and local authorities in order to guarantee community cohesion and quality of life of both established residents and students. The creation of platforms of dialogue between students, local communities and local authorities might contribute towards enhancing mutual understanding while informing local authorities about the needs of both categories of residents.     

The 'photographic tour' in nineteenth century Scotland

This paper examines the emergence of the 'photographic tour' as a distinct cultural form in Scotland. Analysis of the written accounts of photographers visiting Scotland in the mid 19th century reveals a pattern of recurring attitudes in which Scottish topography is understood in terms of its history, literature and social culture. It is also related to parallel developments in other branches of leisure and recreation, and is thus shown to be an integral element in the growth of mass tourism.     

The nature and extent of urban and village foundation and improvement in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Ireland

Conventionally, Irish historians have assumed that the widespread urban and village foundation and improvement that occurred in Ireland between circa 1700 and 1845 came about largely as the result of the direct intervention of members of the landowning minority. These people are held to have engaged in the extension or reconstruction of settlement as a means of exerting control over exchange and marketing or of asserting their social status through patterns of conspicuous consumption. This paper argues that while this sort of direct involvement by landowners was important in some cases, their involvement in urban modernization in Ireland was much more likely to be indirect. Commonly, it was limited to the construction of new markets and other public utilities and to the provision of building leases. These encouraged a wide spectrum of other social groups to participate in the process of reconstruction. The identity of these other participants is explored and a typology of urban and village foundation and improvement established which places these later transformations within the context of the inherited pattern of earlier, medieval and plantation, urban space.     

The conservation of historic areas in the UK: A case study of “Grainger Town”, Newcastle upon Tyne

Conservation in the UK is generally regarded as having undergone a sea-change in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as policy- and decision-makers retreated from comprehensive development and embraced conservation. Using part of the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne as a case study, this article examines this thesis. Beneath simple measures, such as the amount of the city centre which is classified as historic, a more complex picture emerges. A framework for interventions in the historic environment is theorised and there is found to be a continuing tension between conservation approaches which seek to visually manage the city and those which place stress on historic fabric and morphology.     

Geographic labor mobility in nineteenth century England and Wales

Historical evidence suggests that successful economic development efforts have been characterized by a structural transformation of the developing economy from one dominated by agricultural employment and production to one dominated by nonagricultural employment and production. Such transformations have typically involved the migration of relatively sizeable fractions of the nation's agricultural work force to centers of nonagricultural employment and production. In this study we employ regression analysis to examine the magnitudes in which various factors influenced intercounty migration in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century. Our evidence suggests that out-migration tended to be lower the higher the agricultural wage that prevailed in a county. The results also reflect the attractiveness of job opportunities in the nonagricultural sector and the deterring effects of distance.     

新世纪中国城市规划的发展展望

论述了中国的城市规划面临着复杂多样的问题 ,剖析了产生这些问题的根源是中国正在经历工业化、市场化和信息化三重社会转型 ,并从实践的角度探讨了学科发展趋势 ,指出求实与创新是学科发展的唯一正确途径。     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

Italian planning in the later 19th century: The Milan example

The last two decades of the 19th century mark a crucial transition in the town‐planning history of Milan, as in many other European cities. This period left its mark on the urban structure; the parts of the city created under the 1880s plan have the clearest street plan, and the most coherent building typology. However, the significance of the work carried out in that period also relates to the progress of town‐planning practice, the relationship between development practice and planning style, the role of urban rent in the process of capitalist accumulation, and the relationship of public and private capital.     

The transformation of the agroforestry landscape in the nineteenth century: a case study in southern Quebec (Canada)

Although recent landscape changes have been extensively studied, we possess very little information about the nature and extent of changes before aerial photographs were available. To contribute to this knowledge, we propose to explore the information within the Canadian censuses of the nineteenth century, documentary sources still very underused in landscape dynamics studies. The importance of these data lies in the fact that information is provided at the scale of each lot between 1842 and 1871, and at the township scale for subsequent years (1881–1951). In this study, nominative data provided for a rural township (139 km²) located in southern Quebec were coupled with detailed information about geomorphologic features using GIS.The analyses indicated two main phenomena. First, characterization of global landscape dynamics revealed the extent and rapidity of change. The evolution of land-use shows an increase of about 40% in improved areas between 1842 and 1871. while cumulative data show improved areas occupying nearly 83% of the total areas in 1891. These results contrast with recent landscape dynamics (1958–1993) which display relatively minor changes. Second, at the landscape type scale as well as at the surface deposit scale, analysis of nominative data failed to show any clear relationship between landscape dynamics and the spatial entities considered, whereas recent land-use patterns are closely linked to surface deposits. Thus, constant fluctuation in the agroforestry landscape and the lack of influence of abiotic characteristics on land-use dynamics represent two specific characteristics of this nineteenth century landscape.     

21世纪珠三角城市群总体城市规划研究

探讨了城市规划已成为当代城市发展的一个瓶颈，分析了珠江三角洲城市整体规划的研究对象和应注意的问题，从而使城市群规划向着更加科学、更加先进的方向迈进。     

基于非确定性思考下的城市规划新思维探讨

通过对城市规划编制与实施过程中的问题分析，提出非确定性城市规划思想的理念以及非确定性规划思想与确定性规划思想的差别，并在分析非确定性规划思想内涵的基础上，提出非确定性规划思想指导下的城市规划的新程式。