人居环境科学在城市规划中的应用

本文通过对人居环境科学“整体观”思想内涵和当前我国城市规划工作中存在的过度解析、过度细化等问题的剖析,提出了关于从整体观角度出发重构城市规划理论,从融会贯通角度出发改造城市规划实践的几点建议。     

城市政治经济学与城市管治

探讨城市政治经济学与城市管治的关系 ,认为城市管治是对各种社会经济关系的一种调整 ,因此城市政治经济学是城市管治的理论基础。简要回顾发展中国家和发达国家城市政治经济学与城市管治的研究 ,并从城市政治经济学和城市管治的角度分析中国城市化和城市人口迁移面临的问题。     

Relationships between project governance and information technology governance and their impact on project performance

This research endeavors to address the question of how to enhance project performance through exploring the relationships among information technology (IT) governance, project governance and project performance. The research utilizes an empirical survey methodology. The survey of 533 working professionals in various industries renders 282 usable responses or a response rate of 53.91%. The results suggest that both IT governance and project governance have a positive impact on project performance. Moreover, we found that three dimensions of IT governance (i.e., strategy setting, value delivery, and performance management) are positively associated with project performance while all three dimensions of project governance (i.e., portfolio direction, project sponsorship as well as project effectiveness & efficiency, and disclosure & reporting) are positively associated with project performance. Additionally, the alignment between IT governance and project governance is also found to be positively associated with project performance. These findings provide evidence to project management professionals in regard to IT governance and project governance being part of the operational strategy in facilitating the success of projects. It also demonstrates the importance of the alignment strategy between IT governance and project governance in enhancing project performance.     

基于城市管治理念的公众参与的城市规划制度

将城市管治这一新理念引入城市规划，分析了我国目前城市规划中公众参与的情况，提出以这种理念为基础来建立公众参与的城市规划制度，为我国城市规划发展提供新的思路。     

Taming wickedness: industrial megaprojects and local governance strategies

Theoretical literature suggests that the complex problems many local governments are facing are drivers towards innovation and new types of collaborative governance arrangements. We add nuance to this presumption by exploring how two Norwegian municipalities act when faced with problems related to mineral extraction and tax revenue. The article shows that similar types of problems give rise to significantly different strategies, ranging from collaborative arrangements to authoritative and competitive strategies. In conclusion, the article argues that local governments need to develop a higher innovative preparedness, and that scholars should also be attentive to governance strategies that are not collaborative.     

Effectiveness of predicting tunneling-induced ground settlements using machine learning methods with small datasets

Prediction of tunneling-induced ground settlements is an essential task, particularly for tunneling in urban settings. Ground settlements should be limited within a tolerable threshold to avoid damages to aboveground structures. Machine learning(ML) methods are becoming popular in many fields, including tunneling and underground excavations, as a powerful learning and predicting technique. However, the available datasets collected from a tunneling project are usually small from the perspective o...     

When green is grievous: downsides in human-nature interactions in informal urban settlements

Considering how poor households relate with natural ecosystems is crucial to achieving environmentally sustainable low-income communities in South Africa and beyond. This paper presents negative experiences associated with residents’ interactions with, perceptions of, and appropriations of natural ecosystems and green spaces in informal settlements in Johannesburg. In-depth interviews with residents in two communities, key informants, and transect walks were used to identify problems associated with domestic gardens and vegetation in riparian and non-riparian open spaces. Inadequate services and infrastructure exacerbates these problems. This work contributes to knowledge regarding undesirable aspects of green infrastructure in the context of urban poverty. Understanding the downsides in human-nature interactions can usefully inform ecologically sound intervention in low-income informal urban areas.     

Design governance the CABE way,its effectiveness and legitimacy

From its creation in 1999 to its demise as a government-funded organisation 11 years later, the Commission for Architecture & the Built Environment (CABE) fronted a national drive in England for better design in the built environment. Whilst not universally supported at home, its scope and ambition were certainly impressive, and as an organisation it was unique on a global scale. As such the study of this exceptional initiative offers an unparalleled opportunity to shine a light on the often unfathomable processes of governing the design of development. This paper reflects on the organisation in two key ways. First, from the narrow perspective of CABE’s impact: what worked and what did not; and what can we learn from CABE. Second, what does the experience tell us about the nature and purpose of design governance and about the role and legitimacy of government within this most “wicked” of policy arenas.     

Regional changes in the urban system and governance responses in Hungary

This article aims, first, to define the nature of regional changes in the Hungarian urban system over the past two decades and the mechanism of the processes responsible for these. Secondly, it examines how these changes affected urban governance and how they influenced the urbanisation processes, as well as conflicts arising from differences in the pace of urbanisation and changes in governance, the diverse nature and possible conflicts of interest of the actors bringing about these changes, and divergence arising from the changes. Thirdly, we compare our conclusions with the results of similar processes in other Central European countries.     

Rescaling metropolitan governance: examining discourses and conflicts in two Swiss metropolitan areas

Due to their nodal position in economic and social development, metropolitan areas give impetus to globalization. In turn, they are themselves transformed by this process. However, the question of how metropolitan areas transform by participating in the process of globalization is subject to debate. Based on case studies of two Swiss metropolitan areas (Berne and Zurich) and two policy domains (public transport and urban foreign policy), we argue that the rescaling process in metropolitan areas depends on the global competitiveness pressure the cities face and on the meaning that political actors give to these global pressures.     

Urban Improvement Districts as new form of local governance

A growing number of German towns established Urban Improvement Districts (UIDs) as instrument of redevelopment of urban neighbourhoods. Real-estate owners and further actors participate politically and contribute financially to the process of revaluation, but this brings about problems of local democracy, legitimation, participation and accountability. The article examines the implementation of UIDs in three German cities and compares experiences made with this new instrument of participative urban development. It focuses on the implications for local democracy and explores whether UIDs could be useful instruments of city governance and appropriate arrangements to unlock additional resources at local level.     

The local governance of culture-led regeneration projects: a comparison between Montreal and Toronto

This article analyses culture-led regeneration processes in the context of two case studies. We analyse the roles of urban stakeholders and the adaptation of regeneration strategies in two different local planning cultures: Toronto and Montreal. The two regeneration projects analysed are the redevelopment of the Toronto Entertainment District and a real-estate project proposal within the ‘Quartier des Spectacles’ in Montreal. The analysis highlights the specific planning culture embedded in local governance, aligned with two distinct applications of the creative city concept.     

Scaling-down and scaling-up processes of territorial governance: cities and regions facing institutional reform and planning challenges

The process of territorial governance rescaling now ongoing in European countries concerns not only the devolution of competencies from central states to regional politico-administrative levels (towards federalism) but also a new role of institutions, agencies and companies operating in well-defined sectors. A complex – downward and upward – transfer of competencies, powers and resources is taking place. In particular, cities belong to specific territories, but are increasingly involved in large-scale processes as far as services and infrastructure construction and management are concerned, as well as economic and cooperation initiatives. This often requires the creation of regional or upper-scale agencies and companies.

The article focuses – within an analytical framework concerning the dynamics of regions and cities in the European space – on three cities in Northern Italy (Bolzano-Bozen, Trento and Verona) undergoing contradictory trends towards federalism, on the one hand, and policy integration at variable scales on specific issues – in a multi-level governance perspective – on the other hand. Finally, the role of strategic, spatial and urban planning processes and tools are analysed, drawing some conclusions of general interest.     

湿热型乡村旅游住区户外微气候评价及生态改善策略

用WBGT法和TS法评价和分析湿热型乡村旅游住区——董坪村的微气候舒适度,并根据董坪村景观要素提出生态改善策略:运用本土植物规划种植立体乡村景观体系,由此构建适宜的风环境而改善户外微气候舒适度。     

Megacity governance and the state

In the debate on governance in city regions, the role of the state is currently an open question. Drawing on our own and secondary research on governance of large city regions across the world, we argue that nation-states (in unitary systems) and federate states (in federalist systems) are crucial protagonists of governance in megacities – defined as city regions of 10 million or more. Megacity governance thus provides a stark contrast to the prominent narrative of a retreating state conveyed in some of the new regionalist literature. It is concluded that megacities are a category of urban settlements in which the state is not withering away but continues to play a leading role in addressing urban policy problems.     

Women’s mobility,neighbourhood socio-ecologies and homemaking in urban informal settlements

Abstract

The paper contributes to the growing research on relational thinking about housing and home by exploring the informal homes of rural migrants in Khulna city, Bangladesh. The concept of ‘unbounding’ is used to trace the fluidity and connections established between migrant homes and neighbourhood socio-ecologies. Walking interviews exploring women’s livelihoods reveal that different expendable agencies of the urban environment (e.g. trash, weeds and animal excreta) create conditions for labour in which migrant women hold specific competencies to secure essential resources for home. Unbounding positions home within a socio-ecology of multiple houses that women traverse to support their urban living. The approach offers opportunities to examine the unique ways urban homeless populations strategically as well as affectively engage with under-recognized agencies and actors in informal settlements. Unbounding provides a useful lens with which to raise new conceptual and empirical questions about housing and home in relation to the city that contributes to the homes and livelihoods of marginalized populations.     

应用桩顶及桩端沉降的桩基承载性状分析

大直径钻孔灌注桩静载荷试验时,对桩顶及桩端沉降的同时进行观测,可以计算桩身压缩量、桩侧极限承载力,判断桩端持力层性状及桩端的沉渣,对桩基的承载性状有一个比较全面的了解。本试验方法几乎不增加成本,不影响工期,可供类似工程借鉴。     

The Navy and the city: conflict,cooperation and political competition in the urban governance of Toulon

This article contributes to the debate about urban governance in specialized European cities, by focusing on the interplay between changes in national defence policies and local initiatives. It is based upon qualitative research carried out in Toulon, a mid-sized French city and the biggest military port on the Mediterranean Sea. Firstly, it explains how the emergence of a new urban agenda aimed at diversifying the city from its military function challenged existing relations between the city and the Navy. As a consequence, new areas of conflict and cooperation can be observed. Secondly, it shows how political strategies adopted by elected officials respond to the need to legitimize the new agenda and to constrain the Navy to participate in it, while managing the military constituency. Despite a political discourse that proclaimed convergence of interest between the city and the Navy, the existence of a major conflict concerning the use and control of space doomed the partnership to a (partial) failure.     

论公司控制权结构与盈余管理

通过公司控制权结构理论的阐述、分类，结合我国上市公司特定的控制权结构的现状，探讨我国上市公司控制权结构的基本特征，并提出完善我国上市公司控制结构的对策。