蒸汽爆破预处理木质纤维素及其生物转化研究进展

木质纤维素生物资源可以用来生产乙醇,但其结构与化学成分阻碍了酶对纤维素的可及性,因此必须对原料进行预处理。在多种预处理方法中,蒸汽爆破法预处理因其成本低、能耗少、无污染而备受研究学者的青睐。通过对蒸汽爆破作用过程、机理和影响因素的研究分析,以及在生物转化方面的应用研究分析,更加显示出该法在此项领域广阔的前景,必将成为以木质纤维素为原料转化燃料乙醇的关键预处理技术之一。     

蒸汽爆破预处理对植物纤维素性质的影响

用研制的植物纤维素连续所爆破机对植物纤维素原料的预处理进行了研究,利用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,红外光谱（ＩＲ）和Ｘ－射线衍射仪对汽爆处理后物料的形态结构,物理特性及化学组成的变化进行了分析,研究结果表明,汽爆预处理方法对 物料的物理结构及化学组成有一系列蝗影响,汽爆使物料的粒度变小,Ｘ－射线衍射峰变明显,处理物料红外光谱的某些峰强度减弱,半纤维素变化较大,处理后的物料易于酶解。     

玉米秸秆稀酸蒸汽爆破协同作用机制研究

以玉米秸秆原料,进行蒸汽爆破处理,比较了水蒸气蒸爆、稀酸和稀酸蒸爆3种预处理方法,通过对3种预处理过程中米秸秆纤维组分变化、纤维素和半纤维素降解产物和玉米秸秆结构分析以及酶解试验,探讨稀酸蒸汽爆破的协同作用机制.结果表明,稀酸蒸爆协同作用包括稀酸的软化和蒸汽爆破的活化两种机制:一是通过稀酸脱除大部分的半纤维素破坏了半纤...     

木质纤维素乙醇原料预处理技术的研究进展

近十年来,随着石油价格的上涨以及化石燃料使用对全球变暖的影响,利用木质素纤维素制取燃料乙醇日益成为国内外研究的热点。木质纤维素制取乙醇的主要步骤包括:原料的预处理、纤维素的糖化、发酵、产品分离。木质纤维素的组成包括木质素、半纤维素和纤维素,其中木质素和半纤维素对纤维素的水解具有阻碍作用。因此,在木质纤维素制取乙醇的工艺过程中,原料的预处理是非常关键的步骤,影响整个木质纤维素乙醇的生产过程。文章回顾了木质纤维素原料主要的预处理技术的最新进展,并结合后续的水解与发酵工序,对各种预处理技术的优缺点进行了对比。     

木质纤维素材料预处理研究进展

介绍了木质纤维素材料的抗降解屏障、影响预处理效果的因素、高效预处理的评价标准,并就目前研究较多的酸法、碱法、有机溶剂、蒸汽爆破几种木质纤维素材料预处理技术的相关研究情况进行了综述。最后对预处理技术的发展方向予以展望。     

木质纤维素乙醇预处理与酶解技术研究

木质纤维素乙醇的生产工艺中主要环节为预处理、酶解、发酵3个阶段.预处理是决定后续酶解效果的关键步骤,物理法、化学法和物理化学法预处理工艺是目前主要的研究方向,预处理效果需与经济可行性相互结合.对各预处理方式优缺点及经济可行性进行了综合性对比,较好的预处理方式为蒸汽爆破,糖回收率和经济可行性较高.后续采用诺维信公司不同酶...     

木质纤维素原料预处理技术研究进展

燃料乙醇是目前世界上生产和使用规模最大的生物质能源,木质纤维素作为一种可转化为燃料乙醇的可再生资源,预处理工艺是其转化过程中的关键步骤和限制因素。文章阐述了木质纤维原料常用的预处理技术、当前研究较多的有机溶剂预处理技术以及有机溶剂预处理技术存在问题。     

蒸汽爆破麦草同步糖化发酵转化乙醇的研究

近年来对木质生物资源同步糖化发酵转化乙醇的研究较多,但是,麦草同步糖化发酵转化乙醇的最佳工艺条件还未确定。文中采用正交试验设计的方法,对在混合酶(纤维素酶Celluclast 1.5 1,β-葡萄糖苷酶Novozym 188)与酿酒酵母菌作用下,稀硫酸催化的蒸汽爆破麦草原料同步糖化发酵转化乙醇的工艺条件进行研究,详细讨论了反应温度、底物质量浓度、发酵液pH值、纤维素酶浓度对乙醇质量浓度和得率的影响。结果表明,工艺条件对乙醇质量浓度和得率的影响程度由高到低依次为:底物质量浓度、纤维素酶浓度、发酵液pH值、反应温度。最佳工艺条件为反应温度35℃,底物质量浓度100 g/L,发酵液pH值5.0,纤维素酶浓度30 FPU/g。在此条件下,随着反应时间的延长,乙醇质量浓度持续上升。反应72 h后,乙醇质量浓度和得率分别达到22.7 g/L和65.8%。     

木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的技术现状。评述了纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖和发酵成酒精的各生产工艺。分析了各工艺的技术特点和经济性。提出应进一步加强纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究。     

木质纤维素生物质制取燃料乙醇的化学预处理技术

介绍了木质纤维素生物质原料的组成及结构,并对制取燃料乙醇的各种化学预处理方法进行了综述和分析,对生物质化学预处理技术发展进行了展望.     

木器涂料的现状及发展趋势

简要回顾我国木器涂料的发展沿革 ,介绍国外部分国家和地区的市场状况以及国内主要生产商的区域分布。对今后的发展趋势作了探讨。     

纤维级PP树脂的现状及分析

综述了国内外纤维级聚丙烯(PP)树脂的发展及现状,特别是当前生产纤维级PP树脂的最新技术进展。茂金属PP以其独特的性能,在纤维级专用树脂市场具有广阔的应用前景。     

塑木复合材料发展现状

介绍了塑木复合材料的发展现状,并对其未来的发展作了分析。     

The effect of steam treatment on bonding strength of impregnated wood materials

In wood materials, the species of wood, its humidity, and the type of the adhesive have an important role to make the wood material durable for a long period both in inner space and outer space. In this study, it is aimed to determine the resistance characteristics of adhesive using different impregnation chemicals and different types of adhesives before and after steam treatment. In this study, beech and poplar as wood materials; mixture of Protim-WR 235, Tanalith-C, and Celcure-AC 500 as impregnation materials; and poly vinyl acetate (PVAc), urea formaldehyde (UF), and desmodur vinyl trie ketonol acetate (D-VTKA), resistant to water, as adhesives materials were used. All samples were kept in a steaming equipment for 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96?h, afterwards the maximum force of the samples were measured for each waiting period, and then their bonding strength was determined. According to the results of the study, beech control samples had higher strength than poplar control samples. Control samples bonded with D-VTKA is the least affected one compared to all original control samples in the steam test. D-VTKA can be offered as the proper adhesive for humid places. The results also showed that Tanalith-C is the least affecting impregnation material on the bonding strength.     

Moisture equilibrium of wood and bark chips in superheated steam

This study relating to the steam drying of biofuels suggests that the activities of water in air (defined as relative humidity) and of water in superheated steam (defined as the ratio of the saturated pressure and the saturated pressure at the superheated temperature) are identical. The dependence of the activity in superheated steam on the equilibrium moisture content was studied in various experiments for different wood materials at constant temperatures of 140 and 160°C. The equilibrium moisture content was found to depend on the following factors: the activity of the superheated steam, the temperature and the materials used, the first of these being the most important. The experimentally determined sorption isotherms were compared with different sorption theories. The Dent model gave a good correlation with the experimental data. The sorbed water can be divided into primary water with high binding energy and secondary water with low binding energy. If biofuels are to be dried with superheated steam, an equilibrium moisture fraction of 0.05 seems to be relevant. It will probably be possible to reach this with activities in the range 0.2–0.4 for all real materials.     

Maleated polypropylene film and wood fiber handsheet laminates

The grafting effect of maleic anhydride (MA) as an interfacial bonding agent and its influence on the tensile strength properties of thermomechanical pulp handsheet‐isotactic polypropylene (iPP) film laminates was studied. For the MA treated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, tensile strength properties increased 76% with PP film over untreated laminates. The optimal strength properties were obtained with a MA and BPO ratio of 2:1. A strong correlation was observed between the number of fibers in the web and tensile strength properties for both handsheet drying conditions. The R² values were 0.95 for air‐dry conditions and 0.94 from oven‐dry conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed the effectiveness of MA loading on the surface of thermomechanical pulp fibers due to increased fiber failure, which occurred without fiber being pulled out from the PP matrixes. Crystallinity and heat flow were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and increased as expected as the ratio of MA and BPO increased from 0:0 to 2:1. These results were also in accordance with the morphological observations at the fracture surface, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and thermal analysis. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

涂料助剂的现状及发展对策

介绍了助剂的分类和目前在国内的应用状况; 对主要助剂今后的发展趋势作了估计,并提出相应的建议和对策。