Determination of the refractive index of a lens using the Murty shearing interferometer

An innovative nondestructive technique for measuring the refractive index of a simple lens is described. The proposed method is superior to existing ones because the focusing error and the spherical aberrations are reduced. Apart from this, the strength parameters (i.e., r1 and r2) of a lens are not required at all since the derived lens-index formula is independent of the lens's physical parameters. The shearing interferometric technique is a sensitive aid for detecting the focal plane of the test lens. A modified criterion for determining the focal length has been used. In this case two miscible liquids or compounds are not necessary. The well-known liquid immersion method is the particular case of this technique. The Murty shearing interferometer has been used as an optical device to observe the defocusing defect in the form of fringes. The amount of defocusing is easily calculated. An equation for this error has been theoretically deduced and experimentally verified. The technique described is quick to perform and easy in handling. The various effects due to the lens's aperture and aberrations, thickness of the glass cell, liquid column, etc. are also discussed. For N liquids, there are N(N - 1)/2 ways of calculating the lens's index. Owing to its nature this is termed the nondestructive nonmiscible-liquid immersion technique for index measurement of a lens.     

远距离高精度多普勒位移测量

通过泛函、激光散斑理论和随机过程各态遍历的研究,导出激光多普勒信号强度与聚焦光斑直径、接收透镜通光口径、光电接收器响应等参数间的关系,在此基础上设计出一种适用于远距离处面内位移测量的光路。此光路将高斯光束束腰聚焦在被测体上,实现最小聚焦光斑和平面波叠加,此外采用大口径透镜接收散射光,用响应度高的光电接收器转换光电信号等措施获得高强度高信噪比的测量信号。将此光路用于 100m 处面内位移(49.70mm)测量,其精度可达 2%。此设计方法能用于振动或地震波的高精度检测。     

Laser differential confocal radius measurement system

A laser differential confocal radius measurement system with high measurement accuracy is developed for optical manufacturing and metrology. The system uses the zero-crossing point of the differential confocal intensity curve to precisely identify the cat's-eye and confocal positions and uses an interferometer to measure the distance between these two positions, thereby achieving a high-precision measurement for the radius of curvature. The coaxial measuring optical path reduces the Abbe error, and the air-bearing slider reduces the motion error. The error analysis indicates the theoretical accuracy of the system is up to 2?ppm, and the experiment shows that the system has high focusing sensitivity and is little affected by environmental fluctuations; the measuring repeatability is between 4 and 12?ppm.     

轴位移法测定GRIN透镜的折射率分布系数

本文对GRIN透镜的精确光线追迹公式作了推导,介绍了轴位移法对透镜折射率分布的测量方法及相应的数据处理,并对测量误差进行了分析和计算,从而对测定GRIN透镜折射率分布提供了一种精确而且实用的方法。     

Diffraction Laser-Electronic Fourier Thickness Gage for Monitoring the Thickness of a Large Diameter Lens

The methodology of synthesizing a model for a diffraction laser-optical system for measuring the thickness of large diameter lenses within the framework of engineer-graph procedures for the design, manufacture, and study of a laser-electronic Fourier thickness gage is developed. Nine stages are identified for model synthesis based on successive-parallel sorting of models when considering statement of the problem in designing a laser-electronic Fourier thickness gage. The task of creating a fundamentally new method and provisions for measuring lens thickness is solved by means of an automatic diffraction-geometric-optical method for recording the space-frequency spectrum of the measuring aperture. Schematic analysis is performed and a functional optical scheme is constructed for a two-channel diffraction laser-optical system for measuring lens thickness. A measurement procedure is developed and the Fourier thickness gage developed is studied by experiment. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 30–35, October, 2005.     

镜片全自动测量系统的研究

为了提高镜片焦度测量的精度和效率,针对镜片测量时因手动调节而存在镜片偏心等问题,提出了一种结合哈特曼检测法、机器视觉技术以及步进电机控制系统来测量镜片的技术方案.基于此方案设计并制作了一种镜片全自动测量系统.系统实现了对哈特曼光阑下多光斑实时大小和位置的分析,利用搭建的机械模块自动校准镜片位置并测量镜片.用-15m-1...     

一种数字投影式顶焦度测量仪

提出一种数字投影式顶焦度测量的技术方案。根据此方案设计的焦度测量仪,通过精密机械传动,嵌入以单片微型计算机为核心的硬件控制系统和软件处理系统,对眼镜镜片球镜顶焦度、球柱镜顶焦度及轴位角等进行了测量。它通过光学投影的方式进行对焦,测量活动标尺的平动量和转动量来计算相应参数,并利用液晶 LCD 显示结果。采用一种动态基准存储技术,通过预先存储的动态基准来计算顶焦度,可以有效消除系统误差,提高测量精度。对产品样机的试验结果表明,顶焦度的测量精度达到±0.03D。     

一种基于梳状滤波器的固体腔厚度测量方法

针对密集波分复用(DWDM)技术中所使用的梳状滤波器,对固体腔研磨厚度指标要求极高△v=200 GHz,△d≤13.37 nm,本文提出运用法布里-珀罗干涉理论(Fabry-Perot),研究设计了一种针对固体腔厚度的现场检测方法.该方法根据被测元件等效为系统干涉腔的间接测量方法,以通过被测元件后的法珀相邻能量极值特性,作为检测厚度合格的判定依据,实现了对超窄带梳状滤波器组成元件--未镀膜层固体腔(SiO_2)的高精度厚度检测.实验结果表明,该测量方法适用于对透光介质的厚度检测.     

An optimum method of measuring the parameters of amplitude-modulated signals

A method of measuring the parameters of amplitude-modulated signals that is optimum with respect to interference protection and gives a higher measurement accuracy with a shorter measurement time which may be less than the period of the envelope is proposed and investigated. Algorithms for processing the input signal in analog and digital form are obtained, an estimate of the error is given and two versions of a measuring system are proposed.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 61–64, January, 1995.     

基于灰度差分法的自动调焦技术

如何快速有效地实现调焦一直是图像测量中的焦点;基于光学镜头和CCD图像采集技术提出了一种图像式自动调焦系统,并给出了以图像的灰度差分绝对值之和作为图像是否聚焦的判据函数,以及给出了逐步逼近的登山式自动调焦的原理,对该系统进行了实验研究,系统重复精度为8000nm。     

Measurement of displacement and vibration by using the oblique ray method

An optical system that can measure vibrations and displacements is developed by using the oblique ray method. By employing a single convex lens that plays both roles of sending and receiving the beams that are reflected by the target surface, the optical measurement system became compact and reliable. A position-sensitive detector is used to measure the position change of the beam spot on the target surface. The resolution of the optical system can be controlled by changing the optical magnitude of the objective lens and is designed to be less than 0.1 microm for the developed system.     

双频感应测井仪误差校正方法研究与实现

双频感应测井仪的误差校正处理是整个仪器设计的关键一环,对后续的信号幅度比和相位差数据处理,以及正确评价地下油层信息具有非常重大的意义。首先描述了双频感应测井仪工作的理论基础,通过分析仪器线圈系的磁偶极子模型寻找到误差的来源;然后基于误差分析方法,提出了一种测量该系统误差的方法并予以电路实现;最后在模拟的现场环境中,进行误差测量与仪器修正值的确定。实测结果表明,该方法能够明显提高仪器测量相应曲线的准确度,达到误差校正的目的。     

Ring-lens focusing and push-pull tracking scheme for optical disk systems

An experimental comparison of the ring-lens and the astigmatic techniques of generating a focus-error signal (FES) in optical disk systems reveals that the ring lens generates a FES curve over two times steeper than that produced by the astigmat. Partly because of this large slope and partly because of its diffraction-limited behavior, the ring-lens scheme exhibits superior performance characteristics. In particular, the undesirable signal known as feedthrough (induced on the FES by track crossings during the seek operation) is substantially lower than that observed with the astigmatic method. The ring lens is easy to align and has reasonable tolerance for positioning errors.     

直线导轨滚转角测量误差自校正方法

提出一种具有滚转角测量自动校正功能的五自由度运动误差测量系统,解决了平行双光束法在测量滚转角误差时受光束平行度影响较大的问题。介绍了平行双光束法测量五自由度运动误差的原理,建立了关于双光束平行度误差与滚转角测量误差间的模型,提出了基于双自准直单元的双光束平行度误差测量方法。实验结果表明:双光束之间存在15.4″的平行度误差时,可以将滚转角测量误差的残差由44″减小到2.7″。该校正方法有效提高了双光束测量滚转角的准确性,可用于直线导轨运动误差的在线监测。     

利用激光技术改进的测长装置

提出激光干涉仪作为标准器代替测长机玻璃尺的改进方案.通过调校位于测长机尾座上的角锥反射镜,使干涉仪光轴与测长轴线同轴,消除阿贝误差对测量精度的影响.同时进行了理论分析并与三等最块进行了比对实验.结果表明,改进后的2 m测长机达到了较高的测量精度和测量效率,对提高长度尺寸的测量精度具有一定的参考价值.     

准线性区光盘聚焦自动预搜索机制的研究

线性区自动预搜索是各类光盘系统中聚焦伺服系统需要完成的重要功能。在分析了现有的线性区自动预搜索方法的基础上，提出并具体阐述了准线性区光盘聚焦自动预搜索机制，充分利用了光盘聚焦误差信号曲线的正负反馈特性，得到一种简单实用而又稳定可靠的自动预搜索方法。     

体视显微镜物镜放大倍率误差校准方案设计

体视显微镜是利用光学原理把人眼所不能分辨的微小物体放大成像以供人们提取微细结构信息的光学仪器。物镜放大倍数误差是其主要的计量特性参数,直接影响显微镜测量结果的准确性。为保证体视显微镜的量值准确,本文研究设计体视显微镜物镜放大倍率误差校准方案,并对其校准结果不确定度进行了分析。研究结果表明,本文的校准方法切实可行,为体视显微镜物镜放大倍率误差的校准提供了技术依据。     

基于成像式照度测量的菲涅尔光学助降系统设计

为了解决菲涅尔光学助降系统的检测问题,提出了一种基于成像式照度探测法的菲涅尔灯发光强度测量方案,并研制了成像式照度探测装置。试验结果表明该装置可远距离对大口径、大发光角度的菲涅尔灯进行发光强度的探测,满足菲涅尔光学助降系统检测装置测量的要求。     

基于涡流检测信号的金属曲面距离测量方法研究

为提高曲面试件的涡流测距精度,提出一种基于涡流信号差值的测距修正方法.该方法通过研究不锈钢平板试件与曲面试件涡流信号的不同,拟合计算出曲面涡流信号和平面涡流信号之间差值与曲面试件曲率的定量关系.利用这一函数关系,对不同曲率试件的测量结果进行补偿,可修正由于试件存在曲面造成的测量误差.通过实验进行可行性验证,对平板试件与...     

Alternative method for measuring effective focal length of lenses using the front and back surface reflections from a reference plate

We present a simple method for measuring the effective focal length without determining the location of principle plane of the lens. The method is based on the measurement of confocal backreflection axial responses from the front and back surfaces of a reference plate with known refractive index and thickness. We proved the concept by measuring the effective focal lengths of thin singlet lenses and complex microscope objectives. The theoretical limit of measurement precision varies depending on the numerical aperture of the lens. This method can provide an alternative focal length measurement method for complex lenses or lenses that are permanently attached to other structures. Measurement errors were analyzed theoretically and improvements in measurement accuracy were discussed.