CaCO3/SiO2复合粒子涂层的表面结构及其疏水性能研究

以机械高速搅拌法制备了具有草莓结构的CaCO₃/SiO₂复合粒子,并对其进行了表面修饰改性.利用聚硅氧烷的自组装功能,将制备的复合粒子与硅氧烷一起制备了具有“荷叶效应”的超疏水涂层,静态水接触角达169°,滚动角约为2°.通过扫描电镜观察涂层的表面微观形貌,发现该涂层具有微米-纳米相结合的双层粗糙结构.微米凸起的粒径在2～3μm左右,纳米凸起的粒径约为200nm左右,与荷叶具有类似的结构排布方式.通过原子力显微镜和接触角的测试,探讨了表面微观结构、涂层粗糙度和涂层疏水性能之间的关系.结果表明：复合粒子构成的非均相界面的水接触角符合Cassie模型.复合粒子赋予涂层的双微观粗糙结构与自组装成膜硅氧烷的低表面能的协同效应,使涂层具有了优良的超疏水性能.     

CaCO3/SiO2复合粒子涂层的表面结构及其疏水性能研究

以机械高速搅拌法制备了具有草莓结构的CaCO₃/SiO₂复合粒子,并对其进行了表面修饰改性.利用聚硅氧烷的自组装功能,将制备的复合粒子与硅氧烷一起制备了具有“荷叶效应”的超疏水涂层,静态水接触角达169°,滚动角约为2°.通过扫描电镜观察涂层的表面微观形貌,发现该涂层具有微米-纳米相结合的双层粗糙结构.微米凸起的粒径在2～3μm左右,纳米凸起的粒径约为200nm左右,与荷叶具有类似的结构排布方式.通过原子力显微镜和接触角的测试,探讨了表面微观结构、涂层粗糙度和涂层疏水性能之间的关系.结果表明：复合粒子构成的非均相界面的水接触角符合Cassie模型.复合粒子赋予涂层的双微观粗糙结构与自组装成膜硅氧烷的低表面能的协同效应,使涂层具有了优良的超疏水性能.     

微纳材料修饰的硅基微穿孔板共振降噪复合器件

探索了一种通过MEMS技术制备硅基微穿孔板共振降噪结构,并进一步将ZnO微米纳米材料加入其中以提高吸声性能的新方法．采用MEMS技术在硅片上得到了孔径为100μm、一致性良好的微孔阵列,将其与刚性底座组合在一起,构成硅基微穿孔板降噪器件．将通过水热合成法得到的ZnO微米纳米材料制备在后底板硅片上,并与硅基微穿孔板组装在一起,构成微米纳米复合降噪器件．对上述两种器件进行降噪实验,结果显示采用MEMS精密加工技术能够获得吸声系数较高的共振降噪器件,而经过ZnO微米纳米材料修饰后的复合器件,其在1500～6000Hz频段内的平均吸声系数提高了2．54％,达到85．87％．这一现象在1500～3000Hz频段尤为明显．因而,采用ZnO微米纳米材料修饰后的复合器件,吸声性能有所提升．     

碳离子注入对硅片微摩擦学行为的影响

对单晶硅片进行不同剂量的碳离子注入,测量碳离子注入前后硅片的纳米硬度、弹性模量、硅表面与探针之间的摩擦系数和划痕深度以及硅片与Si3N4球的摩擦磨损,研究试样在过程中摩擦系数及磨损量的变化.结果表明,碳离子注入可能导致硅片表面结构的改变,从而影响了力学性能,但改善了微摩擦学特性.碳离子注入剂量为2×1015 ions/cm2时硅片的纳米硬度和弹性模量都明显降低,但其划痕摩擦系数和划痕深度均大于未注入硅片;碳离子注入后硅片的减摩效果和耐磨性能在小载荷下得到了大幅度提高,当载荷达到一定值后,摩擦系数迅速增加并产生磨损痕迹.其磨损机制在小载荷下以粘着磨损为主,在大载荷下以材料的微疲劳和微断裂为主.     

钛表面二氧化钛纳米管/微米坑复合结构的制备及亲水性

为改善钛的生物相容性,促进成骨细胞在其表面的附着与分化,设计了一种新型工艺。通过微弧氧化后酸洗的技术在钛表面制备微米级凹坑(10～20μm)。通过阳极氧化技术在上述微米级凹坑上制备定向生长的二氧化钛纳米管(70～80 nm)。采用微弧氧化、酸洗和阳极氧化复合工艺,制备出二氧化钛纳米管/微米坑复合结构。研究了使用不同电解液制备的微弧氧化涂层所获得复合结构的形貌,分析了复合结构形貌对亲水性的影响。结果表明,采用Na_2B_4O_7电解液制备的微弧氧化涂层所获得的复合结构具有显著的微纳米分级结构特征,并展现出优异的亲水性。     

采用原电池法制备纳米多孔硅

利用原电池法在硅片表面制备了纳米多孔硅层;用扫描电镜SEM和原子力显微镜AFM观察了多孔硅表面形貌：原电池法与电化学法得到的多孔硅孔径均在10～20nm范围．研究结果表明：铂膜电极厚度的增大以及铂膜电极与暴露硅片面积比的增大,会导致多孔硅层的厚度增大．热学模拟结果表明：以纳米多孔硅作为绝热层可获得与悬浮结构相同的效果．     

尺度对金属材料电阻率影响的研究进展

随着微/纳米技术的发展,在微/纳尺度器件中金属材料的几何尺度或微观结构尺度从宏观尺度逐渐减小到微米、亚微米甚至纳米量级,其室温电阻率往往表现出明显的尺寸效应。本文总结了近年来关于不同尺度金属材料电阻率的研究进展,重点介绍了金属材料的微观结构、缺陷尺度以及几何尺度对金属材料电阻率的影响及相关的理论模型,探讨了材料内部微观结构尺度与几何尺度对材料导电性能的影响规律。最后,对微尺度金属材料电阻率及其服役可靠性的研究趋势进行了展望。     

化学浴沉积法制备防污自洁聚偏氟乙烯膜

基于"荷叶效应"原理,利用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)涂膜构筑微米结构,氧等离子体诱导化学沉积法构筑纳米结构。采用接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜及X光电子能谱仪等研究了PVDF膜表面的微结构及化学组成与疏水性能的关系。结果显示,PVDF溶液涂膜后可形成直径8μm的微球,甲基三氯硅烷修饰的PVDF膜与水的接触角为157°;二甲基二氯硅烷/甲基三氯硅烷混合液修饰的PVDF膜的表面接触角为155°,滚动角2°;集灰实验证明,两种修饰方法制备的PVDF膜均具有良好的防污自洁性能。     

超音速微粒轰击45钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击技术(SFPB)对由铁素体和珠光体组成的45钢进行表面纳米化处理,在材料表面制备了纳米结构表层,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析技术研究了表面纳米结构层不同深度的微观组织结构特征.研究表明:经SFPB处理后,材料表层发生了严重的塑性变形,形成了由铁素体和渗碳体组成的纳米结构层;随着处理时间的增加纳米结构层的厚度由几微米增加到15 μm(晶粒尺寸＜100 nm);在材料的最表层形成了晶粒尺寸约15 nm的具有随机取向的等轴晶,纳米晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加增大;在距表面约为15 μm处,存在平均晶粒尺寸约100 nm的等轴晶和具有相近尺寸的胞状结构;在约30 μm处,大量的高密度位错墙分别将铁素体相和珠光体相分割成尺寸在200～500 nm的胞状结构.分析表明45钢表面纳米化主要是位错运动的结果.     

有机-无机自组装制备类荷叶结构超疏水涂层及其性能研究

以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(硅烷偶联剂KH550)为连接剂,利用硅氧烷水解形成硅羟基的自组装功能,将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)烧结形成的纳米级纤维与硅氧烷团聚的微米级粒子结合,制备了具有类荷叶表面形貌的超疏水涂层,其静态水接触角达152°,滚动角约为5°.通过扫描电镜观察涂层的表面微观形貌,发现该涂层具有微/纳米二级结构.利用Cassie方程,探讨了表面微观结构和涂层疏水性能之间的关系.用电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析覆有涂层的试样在模拟腐蚀环境下的腐蚀行为,结果表明该试样的腐蚀电流比裸钢片降低了3～4个数量级,说明该涂层具有较好的防腐性能。     

The fabrication and property of hydrophilic and hydrophobic double functional bionic chitosan film

A new kind of hydrophobic bionic chitosan film was fabricated by simulating the surface structure of lotus leaf. The titanium oxide nanotube array was used as templates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that one side of this films have nano-scale rough surface with spherical protrusions alike the surface of lotus leaf. The diameter of the protrusions is about 100 nm, which is equal to diameter of the titanium oxide nanotube. The water contact angle of chitosan films is up to 120 degrees and it is hydrophobic. The other side of the film is flat and the contact angle is 70 degrees. That indicated that the hydrophilism of natural materials is connected with the surface structures. The double functional chitosan films, one side is hydrophilic, the other is hydrophobic, can be made by an easy method. This method is non-toxic and clean. The double functional chitosan film will improve the application of chitosan films in medicine.     

激光纹理化调控材料表面疏水性能研究进展

超疏水表面由于具有减阻、抗污、防水等独特性能,广泛应用于日常生活、军事、工业等场景,材料表面的微纳结构及化学成分对其超疏水性能有着重要影响。激光纹理化技术由于具有加工分辨率高、加工方式灵活、可加工材料多等优势,可用于制备疏水性能精确可控的表面微纳结构,在制造超疏水表面方面有着广阔的应用前景。首先,介绍了激光纹理化的作用机理,综述了常用的激光纹理化方式,如激光直接写入法、激光干涉图案化法及激光诱导周期性结构法等,并介绍了激光参数对微纳结构的影响。根据表面微纳结构的形貌、周期及尺寸特点对激光纹理化制备的表面分层微纳结构进行了总结归纳,包括覆盖随机纳米结构或激光诱导周期性结构的微沟槽、微网格、微柱及微峰,重点介绍了分层微纳结构的制备方式及微纳结构对疏水性的影响。总结了提高分层微纳结构表面疏水性的后处理方式,包括环境老化、表面化学改性及热处理等,并介绍了后处理方式调控疏水性的作用机理。最后,对采用激光纹理化技术制备超疏水表面的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of laser surface texturing on Si3N4/TiC ceramic sliding against steel under dry friction

In efforts to investigate the influence of the surface texturing on the Si₃N₄/TiC ceramic, laser surface texturing (LST) was performed on the Si₃N₄/TiC ceramic by an Nd:YAG laser and different geometrical characteristics of regular-arranged micro-grooved textures were fabricated on the surfaces. The tribological properties of the textured and smooth samples were investigated by carrying out sliding wear tests against steel balls under dry condition using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Effect of surface texturing on the stress distribution was studied by finite element method (FEM). Results show that the textured surfaces exhibited lower friction coefficient and excellent anti-wear properties compared with smooth surfaces. The tribological characteristics depended greatly on the size and density of the micro-grooves, and the geometrical characteristics of the surface textures have a significant effect on the tribological behavior. Among the patterns investigated, the wavy-grooved samples exhibit the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate; and a large texture density may be the best for reduction of friction and wear of textured samples. While, the wear rate of balls sliding against textured surfaces is larger than that of balls sliding against smooth surfaces. FEM results show that surface texturing can improve the stress distribution of contact interfaces and reduce stress concentration.     

基于激光毛化的铝合金/CFRTP激光连接特性研究

目的 针对目前铝合金和碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(CFRTP)直接连接接头强度低的问题,对铝合金表面进行预处理,以提升异种材料的激光连接强度。方法 通过激光毛化工艺在铝合金表面预制微织构,然后利用光纤激光连接铝合金与CFRTP,研究了激光焊接工艺参数对铝合金与CFRTP焊接接头拉剪性能的影响。结果 当激光功率为750 W、焊接速度为0.2 m/min时,铝合金/CFRTP接头拉剪力达到最大值5 209 N,是未激光毛化的接头拉剪力的2.29倍。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对断口进行分析,发现界面断裂形式主要为CFRTP脱出和剪切断裂。采用SEM及能谱仪(EDS)对接头截面进行分析,发现结合界面处存在微观机械嵌合作用,同时在界面处存在元素过渡层。结论 随着激光功率的增大,焊接接头的拉剪力增大,但焊接功率较大会导致热输入过大,造成树脂发生热分解,导致焊接接头拉剪力降低。随着焊接速度的增大,焊接热输入降低,导致焊接过程中树脂熔化量减少,焊接接头的拉剪力降低。界面的机械嵌合作用使焊接接头具有较高的结合强度。     

高能机械化学法制备微纳米Mo—Si粉体

以Mo粉和Si粉为原料,通过自行设计的高能机械化学球磨机在室温下制备出了微纳米Mo-Si粉体,利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行物相分析和粒度分析,结果表明,在不同的反应阶段会生成MoSi2和Mo5Si3,并且生成物之间相互有一定的转化,反应生成率接近100％,制备出的微纳米Mo—Si粒度在100nm左右,在Mo和Si的高能机械化学反应中,适当地提高球料比和转速可以加快反应的进程。     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper by wet chemical reaction

A wet chemical reaction was employed herein to fabricate a stable superhydrophobic surface on a polished copper substrate at ambient temperature. The resulting surface showed superhydrophobic properties as evidenced by a water contact angle (CA) of about 154° and a water sliding angle (SA) of about 4°, which may be attributed to the combination of the roughened surface morphology by means of wet chemical reaction and the formed low surface free energy per chemical modification with poly (dimethysiloxane) vinyl terminated (PDMSVT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resulting surface reveal the resulted copper oxalate microscopic sizes with average diameter of about 0.5 μm and circular submicroscopic structures with diameter of about 100 nm, constructing a hierarchical structure consisted by micro- and nano-scale elements similar to that of lotus leaf in some extent. The elemental and chemical compositions of the resulting surface were also identified by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. This work provides improved understanding of the effect of surface roughness and surface energy on superhydrophobicity.     

A study of surface texturing and boundary slip on improving the load support of lubricated parallel sliding contacts

Currently, there is a great interest in the use of engineered complex slip surfaces as well as the surface texturing because these surfaces are able to improve the tribological performance of lubricated contacts. In this paper, based on the modified Reynolds equation, a systematic comparison is made with various surface conditions, that is, texturing, slip, and the combination of those configurations with respect to the performance of flat classical (no-slip) contact. Optimum values of design parameters (slip length, slip zone, texture cell aspect ratio, and texturing zone), allowing for maximum load support, are presented. In the case of combined texture/slip pattern, it is shown that the load support does not practically depend on the texture cell aspect ratio. The slip effect has a much higher contribution in inducing the pressure distribution than the texturing effect. It is also demonstrated that partial texturing gives a better improvement than full texturing. However, compared to a flat complex slip surface, a partially textured surface is still less efficient to enhance the load support, even if this textured configuration is combined with a slip condition.     

Influence of surfactant addition for the texture etching process on multi-crystalline silicon wafer

This study investigates the effects of different recipes and concentrations of surfactant on the texture and reflectance of a multi-crystalline silicon wafer surface. The morphology of the surface was examined and photographed using a field emission scanning electronic microscope. The reflectance of the surface was measured and analyzed using a self-designed optical system. The results of this study show that a higher hydrocarbon-surfactant (CH-surfactant) concentration in the etchant resulted in a slower reaction time. The optimum concentration of CH-surfactant was 1%. However, there were many white bubbles in the etching process. The optimum recipe for surfactant included fluoride 2% to diminish these bubbles. The reflectance was less than 22% in visible light. This cost effective acid chemical etching method is suitable for texturing silicon surfaces on 50?nm nanostructures. This is a critical criterion for determining the optimum recipe for surface texturing of acidic etching in solar cells.     

Performance of surface-textured end-mill insert on AISI 1045 steel

Recently, the surface texturing of tool/work pieces to improve performance has been investigated in the manufacturing industry. Grinding is employed to produce quality products with improved dimensional accuracy. The combination of grinding and end milling is a suitable method for surface texturing. The present study explains the effect of a textured-pattern end-milling tool on AISI 1045 steel. The effects of the pitch and depth of the pattern are investigated in detail, as are the effects of the input parameters on the cutting force and tool wear. The experimental results show that tool wear is reduced by 53% with surface texturing. Moreover, the surface-textured pattern helps to reduce the cutting force. The tool material wastage which can pose economy threats, can be drastically reduced by increasing the tool life using surface texturing.     

超声冲击诱发表面纳米化及其对表面完整性的影响

采用不同超声冲击参数处理SMA490BW钢,研究了冲击后试样在低、高倍下的微观组织特征、残余应力及硬度分布等表面完整性能的变化。实验结果表明,经过超声冲击表面处理后,样品表面层晶粒细化为纳米晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为30nm;并在试样表层引入残余压应力,数值最大约为255.5MPa;超声冲击对SMA490BW钢表面能够起到明显的强化作用,与未经处理的试样相比,处理后试样表面硬度最大提高了约66.7%。超声冲击强化处理改善SMA490BW钢的表面完整性的效果与冲击电流、冲击时间之间的关系不遵循单调变化规律,超声冲击参数为20min/1.5A时,试样具有较好的表面完整性,冲击影响层深度约为320μm。