硅橡胶辐射交联研究

在60Coγ射线下,以多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMRTMA)作为敏化剂对硅橡胶进行辐射交联,研究了敏化剂、辐射剂量对硅橡胶的结构和力学性能的影响,并采用红外吸收光谱对辐照产物进行了表征.结果表明,加入敏化剂能够显著提高硅橡胶的辐射交联效率,随着辐射剂量的增加,体系凝胶含量增大,力学性能提高,辐射剂量在40kGy左右时,体系的综合力学性能最好,高于40kGy后体系辐射降解明显.     

基于RadFET的宽范围电离总剂量效应监测系统及试验研究

设计了一种基于辐射剂量传感器(RadFET)的辐射总剂量监测系统,并利用60Co-γ射线和电子加速器对金属氧化物半导体(MOS)结构的RadFET进行了电离总剂量效应模拟试验,得到了器件阈值电压随辐照剂量的变化情况.结果表明,该器件具有良好的抗辐射能力,累积剂量可达到1.0 ×105 Gy,同时,在空间应用时需重点考虑阈值电压、环境温度以及击穿电压等敏感参数.     

高性能端芳香氨基聚醚/环氧树脂胶粘剂的研究

用端芳香氨基聚醚(ATPE)与E-44环氧树脂组成了高强、高韧的胶粘剂.研究了胶粘剂的固化反应和固化产物的交联密度、冲击断面形貌与力学性能,及其随ATPE化学结构变化的规律.结果表明,增大ATPE分子中聚醚链段长度(M^-PE),胶粘剂体系的固化温度和反应热焓值(ΔH)均提高;胶粘剂固化产物的综合力学性能随着M^-PE增大出现最佳值.改变ATPE中末端-NH2在苯环上的位置,发现3-ATPE体系的ΔH最大;2-ATPE体系的综合力学性能最佳.     

PP和TPU的电离辐射效应

研究了γ-辐照PP和TPU的颜色变化、凝胶含量、力学性能、熔体流动速率及γ-辐照TPU溶液的相对粘度.研究结果表明:γ-辐照PP和TPU的颜色随辐照剂量的增加而逐渐变深,在相同的辐照剂量下,真空辐照的颜色变化要比空气中辐照的颜色变化明显;γ-辐照PP发生了辐射降解,并随辐照剂量的增加,它的熔体流动速率明显提高,韧性大幅度降低,强度和刚度与未辐照时相比无明显变化;不同分子量的TPU会对γ射线产生不同的辐照效应,分子量小的TPU的辐射稳定性较好.     

γ辐照对PE的正电子湮灭特性影响

实验中对纯LLDPE，LDPE和HDPE经受了不同剂量辐照的LLDPE，LDPE和HDPE样品进行了正电子湮灭寿命谱的测定。当辐射剂量低于25kGy时，o-Ps的强度（Is)和寿命（τ3)也随辐射剂量的增大而变小，当辐射剂量高于25kGy时，o-Ps的强度（I3)和寿命（τ3）基本不变，对照LLDPE，LDPE和HDPE的o-Ps的强度（I3)和寿命（τ3），可知道自由体积与材料的力学性能有一定的关联。     

空间光通信用量子点激光器辐射损伤效应研究

采用电子和质子辐射空间激光通信系统,选用1 310 nm量子点激光器,对其辐射损伤效应开展研究,给出了辐射前后器件的I-V和I-P等特性参数随辐射剂量的变化数据,并对主要结果进行了分析。结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,同一电流处的电压均随着辐射剂量呈上升趋势;量子点激光器阈值电流逐渐增大,同时,在同一驱动电流下,光功率逐渐减小,斜率效率下降;当电子和质子的辐射剂量分别超过1×10~7rad和8×10~5rad之后,阈值电流增加和斜率效率的下降趋势都变缓。     

连云港市工业X射线探伤现状分析及安全管理建议

目的:调查分析连云港市工业X射线探伤工作现状,探索如何对工业x射线探伤工作进行有效监督管理.方法:监测不同作业方式下辐射剂量并对该市工业X射线辐射工作单位的安全防护状况进行调查.结果:固定式X射线探伤方式下,测量点未测出明显超出本底水平的辐射剂量,流动式X射线探伤方式下,辐射剂量随距离的增加而减少,不同方向的辐射剂量有差异.结论:对固定式、流动式X射线探伤要分别采取有针对性的防护管理措施.     

K2Ti6O13晶须改性硅酸盐无机胶粘剂的研究

以K2Ti6O13晶须为改性剂制备了一种改性硅酸盐胶粘剂.采用AG-250KNI电子精密材料试验机和DTG60H差热-热重分析仪对胶粘剂的力学性能和耐热性能进行了表征,采用常温水浸实验对胶粘剂的耐水性能进行了评价.结果表明,K2Ti6O13晶须有效的改善了胶粘剂的粘接强度、耐水性能和耐热性能.运用GBC10e紫外-可见分光光谱仪研究了K2Ti6O13对胶粘剂的改性机理.     

γ-辐照L型聚乳酸的结构与性能研究

考察了辐射剂量(D)在0～25 kGy范围和空气气氛下,γ-辐照对L型聚乳酸(PLLA)的粘均分子量(-Mη)、力学性能、热稳定性和化学结构的影响.结果表明:在0～15 kGy的剂量范围内,所研究的PLLA的-Mη随D增大而减小;而在15～25 kGy的剂量范围内,其-Mη则随D的增大而提高;PLLA的拉伸和弯曲性能受D的影响较小,而它的冲击强度随D的增大而呈现升高的趋势;PLLA的热分解温度因γ-辐照则有所下降,γ-辐照使PLLA的化学结构略有变化.     

轻火石玻璃空间辐射效应及试验方法

利用γ射线源,开展了空间用轻火石(QF)玻璃的空间辐射效应及试验方法研究.研究了QF在不同总剂量辐照条件下的性能退化规律.获得了轻火石玻璃最大辐照剂量达100 Mrad的辐射效应试验数据,总结了QF玻璃辐射效应变化规律.通过光谱解析等方法,分析了QF玻璃空间辐射效应机理及辐射损伤来源.建立了QF玻璃性能退化模型,QF玻...     

光纤的总剂量效应分析研究

对光纤的总剂量效应进行了研究.介绍了光纤结构及传输特性,分析了光纤的总剂量效应.讨论了60Co-γ射线辐照条件下的试验结果.分析表明,在空间辐射环境中,光纤的传输性能在长波段受影响较小.对光纤在空间的应用有参考意义.     

Space dosimetry with the application of a 3D silicon detector telescope: response function and inverse algorithm

One of the many risks of long-duration space flights is the excessive exposure to cosmic radiation, which has great importance particularly during solar flares and higher sun activity. Monitoring of the cosmic radiation on board space vehicles is carried out on the basis of wide international co-operation. Since space radiation consists mainly of charged heavy particles (protons, alpha and heavier particles), the equivalent dose differs significantly from the absorbed dose. A radiation weighting factor (w(R)) is used to convert absorbed dose (Gy) to equivalent dose (Sv). w(R) is a function of the linear energy transfer of the radiation. Recently used equipment is suitable for measuring certain radiation field parameters changing in space and over time, so a combination of different measurements and calculations is required to characterise the radiation field in terms of dose equivalent. The objectives of this project are to develop and manufacture a three-axis silicon detector telescope, called Tritel, and to develop software for data evaluation of the measured energy deposition spectra. The device will be able to determine absorbed dose and dose equivalent of the space radiation.     

Comparison of the effectiveness of boron/epoxy and graphite/epoxy patches for repaired cracks emanating from a semicircular notch edge

The adhesively bonded composite patch repair technique has been used to restore or extend the service life of the cracked aluminium structural components because of its efficiency. In this study, the finite element method is used to analyse the performance of the different bonded composite patches at a semicircular lateral notch and the repair of cracks emanating from this kind of notch. The knowledge of the stress distribution in the neighbourhood of the cracks is important for the analysis of their repair according to the geometry of the patch. The effects of the mechanical and geometrical properties on the variation of the stress intensity factor in the crack tip were highlighted. The effects of the adhesive properties and of the patch size on the stress intensity factor variation at the crack tip in mode I were also highlighted. The comparison between the double and single patch repairs is also given in this study. The results obtained show that the stress intensity factor of the crack tip repaired by two composite patches, is reduced to a half compared to the one that is repaired only by one patch. The orientation of fibres possessing a higher rigidity perpendicularly to the crack propagation considerably influences the reduction of the stress intensity factor. The adhesive properties must be optimised in order to increase the performance of the patch repair or the reinforcement.     

玻璃空间电离辐照着色损伤动力学研究

空间电离辐照主要由能量连续变化的粒子组成, 绝大多数粒子穿透能力小, 因此, 空间电离辐照对玻璃的着色损伤必然随深度而呈现一种复杂的变化, 针对这一现象, 并且考虑到玻璃中色心的弛豫消失, 本工作建立了一种适用于玻璃空间电离辐照着色损伤动力学研究的方法. 以K9-HL玻璃为研究对象, 利用空间电离辐照作用在玻璃中随深度变化的Monte Carlo模拟结果, 研究了该玻璃在轨(近地点350 km, 远地点425 km, 轨道倾角51.6°)电离辐照着色损伤过程, 讨论了航天器用玻璃抗辐照性能考核方法, 分析了玻璃空间电离辐照着色损伤的深度分布, 提出了航天器用玻璃材料抗电离辐照损伤加固的关键点. 此外, 对不同石英玻璃防电离辐照层保护的K9-HL玻璃在轨光学性能做了研究.     

压痕硬度测试法的主要研究内容及其应用

详细分析了压痕硬度测试方法自发展以来所研究的主要内容,即建立不同硬度之间的关系、硬度与弹性性能的关系、硬度与强度的关系、硬度与蠕变性能的关系、材料显微组织对硬度的影响以及硬度在薄膜力学测试中的应用等。其中,研究重点主要集中在建立硬度与力学性能参量之间的数学关系方面,即通过压痕硬度测试中获取的有关数据来得到相关的力学参量。同时提出了压痕硬度测试法的研究现状及存在的主要问题。     

Effects of Surface Treatments on the Performances of Al2 O3 Nano-Particle/Polyimide adhesive

The nano-Al2O3/polyimide composite adhesive was prepared by high-energy chemical and mechanical handing in this paper. The thermally curing process was preliminary determined, furthermore, the effects of n-Al2 O3 on the performance of polyimide adhesive were investigated using SEM. The results were showed that n-Al2 O3 particles were segregated from adhesive to the interface, especially bulk structural defect, which may be the reason why the performance of n-Al2O3/PI adhesive becomes better. However, the detailed mechanism is still to be discussed.     

The outlook for the application of electronic dosemeters as legal dosimetry

This study analyses new trends of a set of 12 electronic personal dosemeters in order to gain an overview of their main advantages and limitations. Physical characteristics and radiological, mechanical and environmental performance were tested according to IEC-61526 Standard requirements. The study highlights the different behaviour of the selected dosemeters. In particular, it is demonstrated that three of the tested devices fulfilled most of the established requirements, whereas another three of them presented important faults. The parameters that need more development are, in general, the response at low energy photon and beta radiation, and the dose rate alarm features. In some cases, mechanical problems as well as interference in the response due to external electromagnetic fields were also found. However, the results of the study foresee a promising future for the application of the newest personal electronic dosemeters as legal personal dosemeters and show the need for internationally agreed technical requirements within the European countries.     

包装材料表面超疏液性能耐久性及其提高方法

海量油墨、涂料、油漆、胶粘剂、沥青等的包装金属桶罐由于内部粘附属于危险固废且难于处理。酸奶、果酱、牙膏等的包装由于粘附不便于分类回收。材料表面超疏液性能源于表面微纳多级粗糙结构和低表面能。制约超疏液材料应用的瓶颈是表面微纳结构制备工艺复杂和力学强度低导致的耐久性差。本文总结提出了增强超疏液性能耐久性的四类技术方法:具有自我修复功能的超疏表面,SLIPS表面,具有形状记忆的微纳结构和提高表面微纳结构本身的力学强度。具有良好耐久性的包装材料有广阔的应用空间,可以解决包装废弃物回收和利用的关键难题。     

Cosmic radiation shielding tests for UHMWPE fiber/nano-epoxy composites

Cosmic radiation shielding properties are important for spacecraft, and hydrogenous materials such as polyethylene have been shown to be effective in shielding against galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, which are effective in such shielding, also have advanced mechanical and physical properties, which potentially are very valuable for NASA space missions both as a radiation shield and as vehicle structure. In our previous studies, we fabricated a nano-epoxy matrix with reactive graphitic nanofibers that showed enhanced mechanical (including strength, modulus and toughness) and thermal properties (higher T_g, stable CTE, and higher ageing resistance), as well as wetting and adhesion ability to UHMWPE fibers. In this work, the radiation shielding performance of the UHMWPE fiber reinforced nano-epoxy composite was characterized by radiation tests at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The results showed that the high radiation shielding performance associated with UHMWPE was not degraded by the addition of graphitic nanofibers in the matrix. Together with the previous studies showing higher mechanical properties, these new studies validate the importance of the UHMWPE fiber/nano-epoxy composite for potential applications in more durable space composites and structures, and offer reduced manufacturing costs and wider design applications through avoidance of specialized and in some cases ineffective UHMWPE fiber surface treatment processes.