PAA包覆MCM-41 pH敏感释药系统的制备和释药研究

采用微波法合成了介孔分子筛MCM-41,将其与氢氯噻嗪组装,组装后分子筛与丙烯酸(AA)原位聚合,形成了一种具有pH敏感性的释药系统.通过FT-IR、XRD对材料进行表征,研究了其在人工胃液和人工肠液中的释药行为,结果表明,材料在人工肠液中的释药速率明显大于在胃液中的释药速率,可用于肠道靶向给药.     

氢氯噻嗪／MCM-41载药体系的制备与缓释作用研究

用微波辐射法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41，采用浸渍法将利尿药物氢氯噻嗪组装到介孔分子筛MCM-41孔道中，用XRD、低温N2吸附、IR对MCM-41及药物组装体进行了表征；研究了组装体的载药量、载药时间、在体外人工胃液中的释放等。结果显示合成的分子筛MCM-41具有规则的孔径结构，比表面积为1211m^2/g；分子筛MCM-41作为药物的载体具有较短的载药时间（t=26h），较大的载药量48％（m（药物）/优（载体）），较低的释放速率，表明制得了氢氯噻嗪／MCM-41缓释释放体系。     

杂多酸固载催化剂的合成及窄分子量纤维素制备的研究

通过水热合成法制备MCM-41型介孔分子筛,采用浸渍法负载磷钨酸于MCM-41介孔分子筛中,煅烧得到新型HPW/MCM-41固载催化剂。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)对固载催化剂进行表征;考察催化剂对棉纤维催化降解反应的性能。结果表明,新型HPW/MCM-41固载催化剂即持有了磷钨酸的Keggin结构,同时又保持了分子筛的完整介孔结构,具有催化、筛分双重性能。棉纤维催化降解反应数据显示,磷钨酸负载量、反应温度、催化剂用量、液固比及停留时间均影响HPW/MCM-41降解纤维素的性能。在单因素实验最佳反应条件下,棉纤维素降解产物的分子量分布较为均匀,降解产物的产率较优。     

氨丙基修饰MCM-41的制备及载药释药性能研究

用微波辅助水热法和共缩聚法分别制备了介孔分子筛MCM-41和氨丙基修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41-(CH2)3NH2,将利尿药物氢氯噻嗪组装到两种材料中,用XRD、FT-IR、低温N2吸附、TG对分子筛及药物组装体进行表征,测定了组装体的载药量以及在人工胃液中的释放行为。结果显示MCM-41经氨丙基修饰后仍保持六方孔道结构,虽然孔径略有减小,但活性点位增加,仍有较大的载药量(38.23%),MCM-41和MCM-41-(CH2)3NH2载药体系均能实现缓释。修饰后释药速率进一步减慢,且随着氨丙基接枝量的增加递减,表明可通过氨丙基修饰量来调节释放速率。     

盐酸小檗碱/介孔二氧化硅载体的制备与缓释行为研究

采用水热合成法制备了SBA-15和SBA-16两种介孔SiO₂载体材料,利用浸渍法将盐酸小檗碱(BBH)原料药负载于载体上,制备了载药BBH/SBA-15和BBH/SBA-16。通过多种表征方法对载药后材料的晶体结构、孔道结构等进行了测试,并研究了材料的载药、释药规律。结果表明,SBA-15和SBA-16的载药量分别为13.50%和3.45%。与BBH原料药相比,两种介孔SiO₂载体均能够延长药物的释放,具有缓释效果。但SBA-15的孔径(5.77nm)较大,释药存在突释现象;而SBA-16的孔径(3.95nm)较小,能够缓慢释放药物。     

不同结构的颗粒填充对环氧树脂纳米复合材料性能的影响

通过溶液共混法制备了环氧树脂/纳米介孔MCM-41和环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料,研究了结构不同的填充颗粒、不同的填充颗粒含量及其复合材料的分散性与力学性能.结果表明,由于这种具有双重纳米结构(纳米级颗粒尺寸和纳米级的介孔结构)的介孔分子筛MCM-41能与基体形成新型网络复合结构,因此在纳米介孔MCM-41的含量适当(小于10%,质量分数,下同)时,纳米介孔MCM-41能均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地提高复合材料的拉伸强度.而含量较高(不低于5%)的实心纳米SiO2将在环氧树脂基体中产生大量团聚体,使复合材料的拉伸强度降低.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛和纳米TiO2/MCM-41的合成与结构表征

以工业水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,利用室温晶化法合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法及液相沉积法对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行纳米TiO2的组装。运用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对其结构特征和氧化钛分散状态进行了研究,结果表明：TiO2与MCM-41端基硅氧键反应形成Ti-O-Si键;纳米TiO2不仅进入孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41仍保持有序的孔道结构。     

硅烷修饰对环氧树脂/纳米介孔MCM-41复合材料性能的影响

用偶联剂将纳米介孔MCM-41粉体修饰后与环氧树脂溶液共混,制备出环氧树脂/MCM-41纳米复合材料.研究了偶联剂的含量和不同溶剂的修饰对纳米介孔MCM-41粉体分散性和复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,加入适量的偶联剂和在极性较小的介质中修饰,可制备出单分散的纳米介孔MCM-41颗粒增强的新型网络复合材料.偶联剂中的有机基团-(CH2)3-NH2不仅进入孔道、修饰了MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛保持了有序的孔道结构.环氧树脂高分子链与偶联修饰后的MCM-41颗粒的内、外表面以强烈的化学键结合,使MCM-41颗粒均匀分散在聚合物基体中,提高了材料的力学性能,其拉伸强度比基体树脂提高了69%,杨氏模量提高了90%.     

用稻壳灰为硅源合成有序介孔二氧化硅材料的研究

用稻壳灰为硅源,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为模板剂,在酸性或碱性条件下均成功地合成了有序介孔SiO2材料MCM-41.利用XRD、N2吸附曲线、SEM、TEM等测试方法分别对稻壳灰及介孔SiO2样品进行了表征.结果表明,稻壳灰为非晶体,呈粒状的多孔结构,其比表面积为250m2/g;在酸性条件下合成的MCM-41具有周期性规则排列的介孔结构,最可几孔径为2.4nm,比表面积为1100m2/g.     

pH-敏感介孔膦酸锆材料对胰岛素的吸附与结肠定位释放

本文利用ξ电势系统地研究了pH-敏感介孔膦酸锆材料作为载体对胰岛素的担载和释放机制。pH-敏感的介孔膦酸锆材料在不同pH值条件下的（电势证实该种材料具有可逆的阳离子骨架性质和中性表面性质,这源自于材料骨架中哌嗪基团在不同pH值条件下的质子化和去质子化作用。在pH=6．6的条件下,具有阳离子骨架性质的pH-敏感介孔膦酸锆材料通过强烈的静电吸引作用吸附负电性的胰岛素,FT-承结果表明被担载后的胰岛素仍然能够很好地保持其活性空间构型。而在pH=7．5的生理条件下,中性表面性质的pH-敏感介孔膦酸锆材料会自由地释放出负电性的胰岛素,胰岛素在结肠的释放量占胰岛素全部释放量的60％以上。这使得pH-敏感介孔膦酸锆材料有望成为胰岛素的有效载体被用于胰岛素的口服结肠给药。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...