纳米晶氧化锌微球的制备

通过醋酸锌在一缩二乙二醇中热醇解反应制备了纳米晶ZnO微球,探讨了在醋酸锌热醇解法制备过程中升温速率对醇解反应温度和ZnO微球粒径分布的影响.在此基础上采用种子法制备了ZnO微球,考察了种子液加入量和反应时间对ZnO微球粒径分布的影响,并尝试使用SJN-30硅溶胶和SiO2微球乳液为种子液制备核-壳结构ZnO复合微球.     

TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球的制备及光催化性能

以Ti（SO₄）₂和Zn（NO₃）₂为原料,采用水热法制备TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球光催化剂。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、XPS及N₂吸附-脱附等方法对TiO₂-ZnO复合光催化剂的结构和性能进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）为目标降解物,评价TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球光催化活性。结果表明,TiO₂-ZnO光催化剂具有中空微球结构,粒径为1~2 μm,比表面积为30.46 m2/g。TiO₂的加入可提高ZnO对光的吸收,有效降低电子空穴复合率。在高压Hg灯照射下,TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中Zn（NO₃）₂与Ti（SO₄）₂摩尔比为1:0.7条件下制备的TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球样品表现出较好的光催化活性,光照60 min,对MB的降解率可达95.8%,其光催化降解速率是纯ZnO的4.3倍。      

中空氧化锌微球的制备及应用研究进展

中空ZnO微球具有密度低、比表面积大、渗透性好、光电性能优异等特点,受到科研工作者的广泛关注。综述了中空ZnO微球的制备方法及其应用领域,首先,主要阐述了硬模板法、软模板法、自模板法和无模板法4大类制备方法的研究进展,其次,介绍了中空ZnO微球在光催化、太阳能电池、气体传感器及生物医药等领域的应用进展,最后,对中空ZnO结构材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

棉花纤维素模板制备微/纳米ZnO及光催化应用研究

以棉花纤维素为模板,Zn(CH_3COO)_2·9H_2O为原料,经高温煅烧制得具有纤维素管状结构的ZnO微/纳米材料。通过调整煅烧温度,优化了催化剂的制备工艺。运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和UV-Vis DRS对催化剂样品进行结构表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了该ZnO光催化剂在紫外光照下,不同制备温度对材料光催化性能的影响。研究表明,煅烧温度850℃的样品光催化活性最佳,反应60min对MB的降解率达97%。经过4段循环,光降解率仍维持在86%以上,表明此微/纳米ZnO是一种有效稳定的光催化剂。     

分级介孔结构组成的ZnO微球及光催化性能

以硝酸锌、脲素及酒石酸为反应物, 采用水热法制备碱式碳酸锌前驱体微球, 通过煅烧前驱体制备了介孔氧化锌微球。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)可以观察到, 氧化锌微球的直径约为2~4 μm, 由大量厚度约为10 nm的介孔纳米片组装而成。X 射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明: ZnO微球为六方纤锌矿结构, 并结晶较好。比表面积测试(BET)表明ZnO微球为介孔材料, 孔径为20~50 nm, ZnO微球比表面积约为29.8 m²/g。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物, 对介孔氧化锌微球进行了光催化降解实验。实验结果表明, 所合成的介孔ZnO微球对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能较好。     

ZnS/ZnO纳米片组装的多孔微球的制备及光催化性能研究

将水热法制备的ZnS纳米球500℃下保温2h制备出由ZnS、ZnO纳米片组装的多孔微球。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见近红外分光光度计和紫外-可见分光光度计等对样品的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了表征。以甲基橙(MO)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。ZnS/ZnO异质结材料的带隙明显窄于ZnO,光催化活性得到提高;经60 min紫外光照射后,ZnS/ZnO异质结催化剂对MO的降解率为76%。最后分析和探讨了异质结催化剂的光催化机理。     

均匀沉淀法制备ZnO、Fe/ZnO光催化剂

以六水合硝酸锌、九水合硝酸铁和CO(NH2)2为原料,采用均匀沉淀法并且改变实验条件制备了纯纳米ZnO和纳米Fe/ZnO光催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所有样品进行表征,并对部分样品进行了X射线能谱分析仪(EDS)测试。结果显示所有样品均为六方纤锌矿结构。此外,所有样品均由小颗粒聚集在一起而形成了形状、大小各不相同的团聚物或颗粒膜。而且随煅烧温度和Fe掺杂浓度的改变,Fe/ZnO样品的晶粒尺寸和表面形貌也随之变化。以甲基橙溶液作为污染物,在高压汞灯的照射下进行了光降解实验,实验结果表明:Fe掺杂Fe/ZnO样品的光催化性能相较纯纳米ZnO样品得到了改善。当Fe掺杂量为1.5%时Fe/ZnO样品的光催化性能最好;另外,适当煅烧温度也使Fe/ZnO样品的光催化活性得到了提升,其中最适煅烧温度为500℃。无论是Fe的掺杂浓度还是煅烧温度,适当的Fe的掺杂浓度和煅烧温度都有利于改善Fe/ZnO样品光催化剂的性能。     

纳米氧化锌制备条件的优化研究

按L9(34)设计试验制备纳米ZnO粉体,以反应温度x1、煅烧温度x2和煅烧时间x3为变量,ZnO对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解脱色率DC为目标响应值,采用PSO-二次回归方法建模,经非线性规划基于该模型寻优,获得试验设计范围内最优化的ZnO制备条件.该条件下制备的ZnO粉体光催化性能明显优于按直观分析法分析得出的优化条件下制备的ZnO,也明显优于市售的KY-ZnO-02产品.借助大大缩短试验次数的试验设计建模是实现制备工艺优化的一条有效途径.     

ZnO复合石墨相氮化碳纳米片的制备及其光催化性能研究

为了提高石墨相氮化碳光催化性能,本文以尿素、硫脲、醋酸锌为前驱体,通过氧化热剥离与共混煅烧法分别制备g-C₃N₄纳米片和ZnO/g-C₃N₄异质结复合材料,并采用TEM、FTIR、XRD、UV-Vis DRS、BET等表征手段对制备的催化剂进行结构表征。以罗丹明、大肠杆菌为探针,考察了催化剂的光催化降解性能和抑菌活性。结果表明：以尿素和硫脲为前驱体,经过氧化热剥离处理后能得到的g-C₃N₄ 2D纳米片,其比表面积更大、光催化性能更加优异,且其对罗丹明的降解率较未剥离的g-C₃N₄提高了21.2%。在40 min氙灯照射下,纯g-C₃N₄并未表现出良好的抑菌性能,而通过ZnO复合制备的ZnO/g-C₃N₄异质结复合材料,在光催化降解率和抑菌活性方面均有很大提高,其中复合20%ZnO制得的ZnO异质结复合材料表现出最佳的光催化性能...     

煅烧温度对TiO_2中空微球光催化性能的影响

以分散聚合法制得的单分散阳离子聚苯乙烯（PS）微球为模板,钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在模板表面包覆TiO2壳层,并在不同煅烧温度下制备了晶相结构不同的微米级中空TiO2微球。采用TEM、SEM、FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis DRS对样品的微观结构、相态组成及光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明TiO2中空微球平均粒径达到1.23μm,壳层厚度约为30nm;随着煅烧温度增加,锐钛矿晶粒尺寸会增加,并在700℃时出现混晶结构;在500℃煅烧得到的TiO2中空微球对甲基橙（MO）降解表现出比P25更好的光催化性能及光催化稳定性。     

环境协调型Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料的制备及光-湿-热性能

采用均匀设计和多元非线性回归方程研究Ce-La掺量(Ce-La与钛酸丁酯的摩尔比)、Ce与La摩尔比、煅烧温度和硅酸四乙酯用量(硅酸四乙酯与钛酸丁酯的体积比)对Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的吸放湿性能和光催化性能的影响,以确定优化Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球制备参数。将癸酸-棕榈酸采用真空吸附法压入优化Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的空腔中,制备环境协调型Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料,分析Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料的光-湿-热性能,利用扫描电镜(SEM)与激光粒度仪(LPSA)表征微观形貌与粒径分布。结果表明:4个因素均对Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的吸放湿性能和光催化性能有影响,其影响显著性为:Ce-La掺量硅酸四乙酯用量Ce与La物质的量比煅烧温度;优化制备工艺参数为Ce-La掺量为0.76%、Ce与La物质的量比为1.0、煅烧温度为646℃、硅酸四乙酯用量为0.63;Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料具有优良的吸放湿性能、光催化性能和相变调温性能,即在相对湿度43.16%~75.29%间的湿容量为0.0576g/g,经过5h的甲醛降解效率为56.37%,从30~15℃降温所需要的时间近500s,具有明显且持续的相变平台。     

Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres

In this paper, hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres were successfully synthesized by calcining the microspheric zinc hydroxide carbonate (ZHC) precursor, which were the precipitate products of a hydrothermal reaction by zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the presence of trisodium citrate. The as-prepared ZnO microspheres with diameters of 4-5 μm were assembled by numerous porous nanosheets which had the uniform thickness of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO microspheres was evaluated by photodegradation reaction of methylene blue (MB). The as-prepared ZnO microspheres exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity than commercial ZnO and TiO₂. This was mainly attributed to the larger specific surface area and stability against aggregation.     

Effect of leavening agent on structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanorods

In the present work, we have demonstrated a simple, facile, one-step, rapid and cost effective synthesis of ZnO nanorods through the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate and leavening agent (NaHCO₃). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deposited on the surface of ZnO nanorods by photocatalytic reduction of Ag (I) to Ag(0). As synthesized ZnO nanorods and Ag–ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnO nanorods and Ag–ZnO nanocomposites were evaluated for the photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO) under UV and sunlight irradiation. The use of common leavening agent helps to prevent the aggregation of ZnO nanorods, further it hinders crystallite growth and narrowing the diameter of nanorods by the evolution of carbon dioxide during calcination. The ZnO nanorods and Ag–ZnO nanocomposite exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic activity and separation of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. Due to effect of leavening agent and AgNPs deposited on surface of ZnO nanorods finds best catalyst for the 99% degradation of MO within 30 min compared to ZnO.     

Synthesis, characterization and its visible-light-induced photocatalytic property of carbon doped ZnO

Carbon-doped ZnO was prepared by calcination of organic zinc compound synthesized by the reaction between ZnCl₂ and glycol. It was characterized by thermal analysis, XPS, XRD, DRUV-vis, and PL. The results show that substitution of lattice oxygen by carbon in ZnO results in significantly extending for its optical response from UV to visible region. The photocatalytic test shows that it efficiently photomineralize formaldehyde to CO₂ under irradiation of indoor fluorescent lamp and its photocatalytic activity is much better than nitrogen-doped TiO₂.     

Ag/ZnO-C nanocomposite-preparation and photocatalytic properties

In this present study, Ag-hybridized ZnO was prepared through a powder-sol method first, then Ag/ZnO-AC (activated carbon) composite was synthesized by a adsorption method using Ag/ZnO and AC as precursors. The structure and morphology of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), Raman spectra, and diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the prepared catalysts were investigated by photocatalystic degradation of methyl orange. The influences of initial pH value, initial dye concentration and the calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of the catalysts were investigated and the results were discussed. Comparing with pure ZnO and ZnO-AC, Ag/ZnO-AC composite showed greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity. The results demonstrate that the hybridization of silver, activated carbon and ZnO can significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of noble metal/ZnO-carbon based composites and facilitate their application in environmental protection issues.     

Novel synthesis and electrochemical investigations of ZnO/C composites for lithium-ion batteries

For the first time, ZnO/C composites were synthesized using zinc glycerolate as a precursor through one-step calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the heat treatment conditions on the structure, composition, morphology as well as on the electrochemical properties regarding application in lithium-ion batteries are investigated. The products obtained by calcination of the precursor in nitrogen at 400—800 °C consist of zinc oxide nanoparticles and amorphous carbon that is in-situ generated from organic components of the glycerolate precursor. When used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared ZnO/C composite synthesized at a calcination temperature of 700 °C delivers initial discharge and charge capacities of 1061 and 671 mAh g^?1 at a current rate of 100 mA g^?1 and hence 1.5 times more than bare ZnO, which reaches only 749/439 mAh g^?1. The native carbon improves the conductivity, allowing efficient electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion. By means of ex-situ XRD studies a two-step storage mechanism is proven.