铸态(TiB+TiC)/Ti复合材料组织和性能的研究

利用钛与碳化硼及石墨之间的自蔓燃高温合成反应,经非自耗电弧熔炼工艺制备了TiB晶须和TiC粒子混杂增强的钛基复合材料。借助扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了复合材料的微观结构,结果表明:原位合成增强体均匀地分布在基体合金中,TiB增强体以晶须状生长,而TiC增强体以树枝状、等轴状生长。原位合成增强体与基体合金的界面非常干净,不存在界面反应产物,但TiC粒子周围的基体合金中存在高密度的位错。原位合成增强体的加入提高了复合材料的力学性能,合金化元素铝的加入不仅固溶强化了钛基体合金,同时使增强体长得更为细小,也有利于改善复合材料的性能。      

石墨添加对原位合成钛基复合材料高温力学性能的影响

利用钛与碳化硼及石墨之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了不同摩尔比值TiB和TiC增强的钛基复合材料。测定了原位合成钛基复合材料的高温力学性能。结果表明:由于增强体的原位合成,复合材料的高温拉伸性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高。高温拉伸断裂与温度有关,温度较低时,增强体断裂是材料失效的主要原因;而随着温度的提高,增强体与基体合金界面脱粘成为材料失效的主要原因。高温拉伸时裂纹容易在短纤维状增强体TiB的端面处形核与长大从而使增强体与基体合金脱粘导致材料失效,因此加入石墨形成更多的TiC粒子有利于提高复合材料的高温力学性能。     

原位TiB晶须和TiC颗粒复合增强Ti复合材料的压缩性能及微观结构

采用反应热压方法制备了原位TiB晶须和TiC颗粒复合增强钛复合材料，对复合材料进行了高温压缩试验，对变形前后的微观结构进行了分析。在350-650℃温度范围内，复合材料的强度均明显高于钛基体。原位增强相与钛基体具有良好的界面结合，压缩变形后在钛基体中产生大量的形变孪晶。     

非连续增强钛基复合材料研究新进展

非连续增强钛基复合材料由于具有各向同性、比强度高、优良的高温强度、成本较低等特点而受到高度关注。TiC及TiB增强颗粒以其稳定的复合结构、良好的增强效果得到发展,成为非连续增强钛基复合材料的最终优选增强剂。从制备方法、增强体与基体的界面结构及复合材料的性能等方面概述了非连续增强钛基复合材料的最新研究进展。     

真空搅拌TiCp/7075复合材料的组织、力学与耐磨性能

采用真空辅助搅拌铸造法制备了TiCp/7075复合材料,利用XRD和SEM对复合材料进行物相分析和微观组织观察,研究了复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性能.结果表明,TiC增强体颗粒均匀分布在7075铝合金基体中,并且显著细化了基体合金的晶粒尺寸.TiC颗粒使基体合金的晶粒由200μm的树枝晶转变为约100μm的等轴晶.TiCp/7075复合材料的布氏硬度和抗拉强度分别为163HBW和362 MPa,较基体合金分别提高了20.7％和20.3％,这是细晶强化和颗粒承载机制共同作用的结果.TiC颗粒的加入有效改善了7075基体的耐磨性,在10 N载荷下,复合材料的磨损量为2.9 mg,较基体减少54.7％.复合材料在磨损过程中裸露的TiC硬质颗粒优先与对磨材料接触,减小了复合材料与对磨材料的有效接触面积,提高了复合材料的耐磨性.     

微合金化对TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能影响的研究进展

微量添加合金元素是改善铝基复合材料综合性能的有效方法,是基于电磁搅拌、超声振动等物理工艺,双峰结构、仿生层状材料等制备技术之外改善增强相/基体界面结构、调控强度-韧性力学性能的一种行之有效的低成本技术.近年来,合金元素在TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料中的研究备受关注,取得了一定的成果,对其作用机理的理解也向纳米层级甚至原子层级迈进.本文归纳了国内外微量添加合金元素对TiB2/Al复合材料中TiB2颗粒形貌、微观组织、力学性能的一系列最新进展,阐述了微合金化机制,并展望了其在调控复合材料裂纹萌生与扩展、发挥微纳尺度本征力学性能、协调材料强度和韧性矛盾中的潜在价值,以期为制备高性能铝基复合材料提供借鉴和参考.     

TiC颗粒增韧MoSi2基复合材料的力学性能

通过湿法混合和热压法制备了不同体积百分比的TiCp-MoSi2复合材料,研究了TiC颗粒对MoSi2基体材料显微结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在MoSi2基体中加入TiC颗粒,细化了基体的晶粒,改善了其力学性能。与纯MoSi2相比,含40vol% TiC颗粒的复合材料的室温抗弯强度提高了65％,含20vol%TiCp的复合材料的室温断裂韧性提高了53％,而且TiC颗粒的加入大大提高了MoSi2的高温承载能力,随TiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的高温抗弯强度大为增加。     

熔炼法原位合成TiB-Nd2O3-Ti复合材料的组织与力学性能

用熔炼法原位合成了TiB-Nd2O3-Ti复合材料。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对其组织及性能进行了观察和分析。结果显示,原位合成的复合材料中,增强体为TiB与Nd2O3,它们均匀分布在Ti基体中,与基体之间没有发生显著的界面反应。原位合成复合材料的压缩屈服强度及其在500℃和600℃时的高温拉伸强度与基体Ti相比均有大幅度提高,其断裂机理与组织结构及变形温度有关。     

碳化物陶瓷颗粒对双相高熵合金基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

高熵合金拓宽了复合材料中金属基体的选用范围。本文通过外加碳化物陶瓷颗粒,利用电弧熔炼技术制备Fe_49.5Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀X_0.5 (X=B₄C、ZrC和TiC)等3种高熵合金复合材料,系统研究3种碳化物陶瓷颗粒对双相高熵合金基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：掺杂碳化物陶瓷颗粒均可细化高熵合金基体的晶粒尺寸,稳定fcc相,抑制hcp相形成,其中B₄C陶瓷颗粒细化晶粒和稳定fcc相效果最显著。掺杂ZrC和B₄C陶瓷颗粒样品,力学性能低于高熵合金基体样品,归因于ZrC和B₄C陶瓷颗粒与基体之间的界面结合情况不佳,界面处出现孔洞性缺陷;而掺杂TiC陶瓷颗粒样品,其强韧化效果显著,归因于良好的界面结合、细晶强化、弥散强化及颗粒承载强化等。     

SiC晶须对反应合成多孔TiB_2-TiC复合材料的影响

以Ti、B_4C和SiC晶须(SiC_w)为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了多孔TiB__2-TiC复合材料。讨论了SiC_w含量对TiB__2-TiC复合材料物相、组织形貌、孔隙率和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:不添加SiC_w时,复合材料中主要物相为贫硼相TiB和Ti_3B_4以及TiC和少量TiB__2;在5Ti+B_4C体系中加入SiC_w后,贫硼相TiB和Ti_3B_4逐渐减少直至消失,而出现富硼相TiB__2和TiC的含量增加。随着SiC_w含量的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐增加,由38.46%增加至5_2.78%。当SiC_w含量小于1.0时,随着SiC_w含量的增加,多孔TiB_2-TiC复合材料的抗压强度明显增加,当SiC_w含量为1.0时,复合材料的抗压强度达到最大值56.04MPa。Ti与SiC_w反应会生成TiC、Ti_3SiC_2和TiSi_2等物相,消耗一定量的Ti,使得与B4C反应的Ti量减少,从而促进富硼相TiB_2形成和TiC的增多。并且在SiC_w表面形成颗粒状TiC或者层片状Ti_3SiC_2,增加SiC_w与TiB_2-TiC基体之间的结合,更有利于发挥SiC_w的强化作用。     

原位合成TiC和TiB增强钛基复合材料

分析了增强体ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ在钛中的原位生成机理,利用普通的熔铸设备,原位合成制备了ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ颗粒增强的钛基复合材料,ＳＥＭ和Ｘ射线衍射的研究结果表明,ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ以不同形状在钛基体中生长,较为细小,且分布均匀,钛基复合材料的室温和高温性能了较大的提高。     

Evaluation the Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites by Melting Route Synthesis

The main purpose of this study is an in-situ synthesis of （TiB＋TiC） hybrid titanium matrix composites （TMCs） by vacuum induction melting method and to verify its mechanical properties.The melting route was adopted to synthesize the commercial pure titanium （cp Ti） and granular boron carbide （B-4C）.The reinforcements,the fraction of 10 vol.pct,were formed by adding 1.88 wt pct B-4C to cp Ti.After in-situ synthesis of TMCs,electron probe micro-analysis elemental mapping was carried out to confirm the distribution and shape of reinforcements.The cone-on-disk type sliding wear test was also done for the identification of TMCs.It is concluded that （TiB＋TiC） hybrid TMCs can be in-situ synthesized and has better wear properties than H13.     

激光熔化沉积(TiB+TiC)/TA15原位钛基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

利用激光熔化沉积工艺制备了TiB+TiC增强相体积分数分别为9%、11%、22%及57%的4种(TiB+TiC)/TA15原位钛基复合材料。随增强相含量提高,TiB形态由片层状向棱柱状转化,TiC形态由不规则颗粒状向枝晶状转化,钛基复合材料硬度及弹性模量均显著提高而塑性明显下降。增强相体积分数约为9%的复合材料表现出较好的综合力学性能,增强相体积分数大于11%后复合材料的抗拉强度急剧降低。与激光熔化沉积态TA15钛合金相比,TiB+TiC增强相体积分数约为9%的复合材料抗拉强度（1040 MPa）及屈服强度（935 MPa）均提高约12%。      

The influences of trace TiB and TiC on microstructure refinement and mechanical properties of in situ synthesized Ti matrix composite

Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Fe–1Cr Ti alloy and Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Fe–1Cr Ti matrix composites containing different weight fractions of trace TiB and TiC are fabricated via in situ synthesis method. The as-cast ingots are subjected to thermo-mechanical processing and heat treatment. The Widmannstatten structure is obtained after the heat treatment. The microstructure length scales of the materials are identified. The identification indicates that 0.4 wt.% TiB and 0.1 wt.% TiC can reduce the average size of the β grains by more than 50%. Whereas the extent of the microstructure refinement gradually decreases while increasing the weight fraction of the trace reinforcements. The influences of weight fraction and morphology of the trace TiB and TiC on microstructure refinement are researched in this work. Moreover, the tensile properties of the heat-treated materials are examined. It is revealed that Hall–Petch mechanism plays an identically important role in improving the mechanical properties of the composites comparing with the load bearing and dispersion strengthening of the trace reinforcements.     

The influences of trace TiB and TiC on microstructure refinement and mechanical properties of in situ synthesized Ti matrix composite

Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Fe–1Cr Ti alloy and Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Fe–1Cr Ti matrix composites containing different weight fractions of trace TiB and TiC are fabricated via in situ synthesis method. The as-cast ingots are subjected to thermo-mechanical processing and heat treatment. The Widmannstatten structure is obtained after the heat treatment. The microstructure length scales of the materials are identified. The identification indicates that 0.4 wt.% TiB and 0.1 wt.% TiC can reduce the average size of the β grains by more than 50%. Whereas the extent of the microstructure refinement gradually decreases while increasing the weight fraction of the trace reinforcements. The influences of weight fraction and morphology of the trace TiB and TiC on microstructure refinement are researched in this work. Moreover, the tensile properties of the heat-treated materials are examined. It is revealed that Hall–Petch mechanism plays an identically important role in improving the mechanical properties of the composites comparing with the load bearing and dispersion strengthening of the trace reinforcements.     

Effect of boron carbide particle size and volume fraction of TiB–TiC reinforcement on steady state creep behaviour of PM processed titanium matrix composites

Abstract

TiB–TiC reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were synthesised through pressureless sintering of titanium and boron carbide (B₄C) powder compacts. Effect of boron carbide (B₄C) particle size and volume fraction of TiB–TiC reinforcement on steady state compression creep behaviour of composites was investigated in the temperature range of 773–873 K. The creep rates of composites are found to be about two orders of magnitude lower than those of unreinforced titanium. The creep rates further lowered with decrease in size of B₄C particles (from 16 to 3 μm) used in preparation of composites as well as with increase in volume fraction of the TiB–TiC reinforcement from 10 to 30 vol.%. By using the concept of effective stress as well as incorporation of load transfer and substructural strengthening effect produced by the reinforcement into analysis, the entire creep data of Ti and the composites can be made to merge on to a single line within a scatter band of factor of 2–3 and can be represented by a unified power-law equation.     

原位TiB/Ti复合材料的熔铸制备及其显微组织

结合Ti-B-Al体系的热力学及Ti-B相图,提出了可制备薄壁、复杂形状原位自生钛基复合材料构件的SMIF工艺.采用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段研究用该工艺制备的复合材料的相组成和显微组织.结果表明,钛基复合材料中生成了TiB增强相,且在基体中分布均匀,呈短纤维状;并且Al的加入使得TiB相具有较高的长径比,最高可达110.TiB增强相/基体界面清洁、无污染.受熔模精铸陶瓷型壳的激冷作用,钛基复合材料铸锭表层中TiB相垂直于铸锭的表面分布.与基体合金相比较,钛基复合材料的力学性能有了很大程度的提高.