复掺钢丝绒纤维/水镁石纤维沥青胶浆性能研究

通过改变纤维总掺量和两种纤维的体积比,采用延度试验、锥入度试验、布氏旋转粘度试验和动态剪切流变试验研究了混杂纤维沥青胶浆的低温延展性能、抗剪切性能、粘度特性及高温流变特性,同时借助扫描电镜(SEM)对其试样断面进行观察分析。结果表明:沥青胶浆的低温延展性随纤维掺量的增大而降低;在6%纤维总掺量范围内,随着纤维掺量的增大粘度逐渐增大,且增大的幅度减小;当钢丝绒纤维与水镁石纤维体积比为6/4时,沥青胶浆的车辙因子(G*/sinδ)、抗剪强度达到最佳值;将两种纤维混杂掺入沥青胶浆中,充分分散,其与沥青粘结良好,发挥了增粘和桥接作用,提高了沥青胶浆的整体稳定性和抵抗永久变形的能力。     

基于关联性的玄武岩纤维沥青胶浆及其混合料性能研究

为全面提升玄武岩纤维沥青混合料性能,研究了纤维类型及玄武岩纤维长度、掺量等因素对沥青胶浆抗裂性能、抗剪性能及流变特性的影响规律;基于纤维胶浆与纤维沥青混合料性能的关联性分析,揭示了玄武岩纤维对沥青混合料性能的细观增强机制。结果表明:玄武岩纤维对沥青胶浆的抗裂性能及流变特性影响显著,其极限拉力和车辙因子分别达到原沥青胶浆的4.5倍及1.08倍;纤维沥青胶浆高温流变特性与其沥青混合料高温稳定性变化规律存在差异,而前者抗裂性能与后者低温抗裂性能关联性较强;玄武岩纤维与沥青胶结料、集料之间形成三维网状结构,有利于抑制裂缝扩展。     

高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性

针对探索不同类型的高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性,有利于完善多孔沥青混合料配合比设计。分析材料组成、粉胶比、温度等对高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性的影响,结果表明,沥青粘度高、矿粉比表面积大,形成的高粘沥青胶浆相位角相对较小,抗车辙因子较大;与矿粉类型相比,沥青性质对胶浆抗车辙因子影响显著,对改善胶浆抗高温变形能力起主导作用;粉胶比增大,抗车辙因子随之增大,并随温度变化呈幂函数关系变化趋势。提高改性沥青粘度或增大矿粉比表面积,均可有效降低高粘沥青胶浆抗车辙因子的温度敏感性,改善高粘沥青胶浆高温抗变形性能。     

泡沫温拌沥青胶浆的流变特性及微观机制分析

为了全面探究泡沫温拌沥青(以下简称泡沫沥青)胶浆的流变特性,分别针对不同粉胶比的泡沫沥青胶浆进行温度和频率两种扫描模式下的动态剪切流变(DSR)和弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验,分析了粉胶比对泡沫沥青胶浆高、低温性能的影响,利用van Gurp Palmen(vGP)图分析了泡沫沥青胶浆时温等效原理的有效性,基于此建立了泡沫沥青胶浆在频率扫描模式下的主曲线,并运用此主曲线分析了其在较宽的温度和频域下的流变特性。此外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的微观结构识别和差示扫描量热(DSC)的热特性测试分析了泡沫沥青胶浆的微观机制。结果表明:矿粉的添加对泡沫沥青的高、低温性能均有显著影响,随着粉胶比的增大,泡沫沥青胶浆的高温性能逐渐增强,低温性能逐渐降低;泡沫沥青胶浆适用于时温等效原理,在较宽的温度域及频率域内,泡沫沥青胶浆较基质沥青胶浆具有更优的高温性能。此外,泡沫沥青胶浆与基质沥青胶浆的低温等级温度基本一致;泡沫沥青胶浆中矿粉的分散性优于基质沥青胶浆中矿粉的分散性,且泡沫沥青胶浆中含有更多的微孔洞;基质沥青较泡沫沥青具有更好的热稳定性,但在相同的粉胶比下,泡沫沥青胶浆较基质沥青胶浆具有更好的热稳定性;粉胶比不大于1.0时,泡沫沥青胶浆较基质沥青胶浆具有更高的玻璃化转变温度。综合流变特性及微观机制分析得到泡沫沥青胶浆的粉胶比不宜大于1.0。     

回收沥青胶浆多尺度参数再生效果评价

为了研究不同再生剂掺量下再生沥青胶浆的再生效果、特征官能团和细观力学参数的演变及其对高温流变特性的影响,采用动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,分别测试了KL90基质沥青及其压力老化(PAV)沥青、回收沥青胶浆、再生剂掺量为6%、9%、12%的再生沥青胶浆的特流变特性和征官能团,同时采用规划求解的方法得到了沥青胶浆细观力学参数,并对沥青胶浆的宏观流变特性参数与细观力学参数的关系进行了公式推导。结果表明,温度对沥青胶浆的流变特性有重要影响,再生剂的加入使得沥青胶浆的流变特性得到恢复,同时也降低其抗车辙能力,当再生剂掺量为9%时,回收沥青胶浆的高温流变特性恢复较好;相比KL90基质沥青,PAV老化沥青和回收沥青胶浆羰基指数(CI)增加;回收沥青胶浆在1 260 cm~(-1)处、1 018 cm~(-1)和1 089 cm~(-1)处出现了C-O-C键和Si-O-Si键的特征峰,再生沥青胶浆在1 744 cm~(-1)处和1 160 cm~(-1)处出现了饱和脂肪酸酯C=O键和直链C-C键的特征峰;回收沥青胶浆的细观力学参数E_1、η_1、E_2、η_2显著高于KL90基质沥青及再生沥青胶浆,随着再生剂掺量增加,E_1、η_1、E_2、η_2逐渐减小。     

TLA掺量对湖沥青改性沥青高、低温性能的影响

为研究不同TLA掺量对湖沥青改性沥青高温、低温性能的影响,对TLA掺量为15%、25%、35%的湖沥青改性沥青分别采用动态剪切流变试验、蠕变及蠕变恢复试验来研究其高温性能;采用延度试验和BBR试验研究其低温性能。试验结果表明:老化前的湖沥青改性沥青以及RTFO老化后的湖沥青改性沥青的车辙因子G*/Sinδ值和破坏温度(fail temperature)都得到较大的提高,TLA掺量为35%比掺量为15%的湖沥青改性沥青的PG分级至少提高一个高温等级;随着TLA掺量的增加,湖沥青改性沥青的零剪切粘度逐渐变大,高温性能得到显著改善;但是湖沥青改性沥青的延度值和蠕变速率m却在减小,蠕变劲度s值在不断增大,表明TLA的加入对其低温性能是不利的。综合考虑高温、低温性能,建议TLA的合理掺量控制在25%~35%之间。     

基于温拌沥青性能的不同温拌剂效能评价

为研究不同温拌剂对沥青性能的影响,促进温拌沥青技术的推广应用,选择Sasobit、Aspha-min、ZYF三种温拌剂和SK90#沥青、SBS改性沥青,通过针入度、软化点、延度试验、旋转黏度试验、动态剪切流变试验和弯曲梁流变试验系统地研究不同温拌剂对沥青性能的影响,并根据沥青指标的变化确定ZYF温拌剂的合理掺量。结果表明:Sasobit和Aspha-min可以改善沥青的高温性能,但对低温性能不利;ZYF温拌剂略微降低沥青的高温性能,但能显著改善其低温性能;Sasobit和ZYF温拌剂可显著降低沥青的高温粘度,Aspha-min温拌沥青的粘度略微增大;ZYF温拌剂的合理掺量为沥青用量的4%。     

基于DSR试验的硅藻土/玄武岩纤维复合改性沥青性能研究

为探究硅藻土和玄武岩纤维复合改性对沥青性能的影响,通过动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,以硅藻土和玄武岩纤维掺量为自变量,深入分析玄武岩纤维和硅藻土复合改性对沥青高温和疲劳性能的影响;并根据CAM模型拟合分析了不同复合掺量硅藻土和玄武岩纤维对沥青流变特性的作用;通过双因素方差分析方法,研究玄武岩纤维和硅藻土之间的交互作用,并分析玄武岩纤维、硅藻土以及两者之间的交互作用对复合改性沥青各项性能影响的显著性。研究结果表明:复掺硅藻土和玄武岩纤维可以显著改善沥青的高温性能,降低沥青材料的温度敏感性,但玄武岩纤维掺量过多时,会对沥青性能产生不利影响。     

活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆流变性能实验研究

煤矸石是我国目前排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,以粉体煤矸石为填料对沥青进行改性在国内外鲜有研究涉及。采用锥入度实验、动态剪切流变实验(DSR)和弯曲梁流变实验(BBR),研究了不同粉胶比条件下活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆的剪切强度及高、低温流变性能变化规律,并与矿粉改性沥青胶浆进行对比;在此基础上,初探了活化煤矸石改性沥青胶浆作用机理。结果表明,采用活化煤矸石替代矿粉后,沥青胶浆的抗剪强度和高温性能大幅提高,低温性能则基本相当。研究成果为活化煤矸石替代矿粉作为沥青混合料填料的可行性提供了依据。     

掺加纤维对高模量沥青混合料柔韧性及路用性能影响研究

为了评价单纤维及交织化复合纤维对BRA改性高模量沥青混合料性能的增强作用,并揭示纤维对高模量沥青混合料的增柔增韧改性机理。采用半圆针入度试验、直接拉伸试验和直接剪切试验研究了纤维对高模量沥青柔韧性和剪切性能的影响,通过电子显微镜(SEM)分析了纤维BRA高模量沥青的表面形貌特征,并采用车辙试验、贯入剪切试验、低温弯曲试验、冻融劈裂、浸水马歇尔试验、间接拉伸疲劳试验和MMLS1/3加速加载试验评价了纤维高模量沥青混合料的各项性能。结果表明,掺加单纤维及交织化复合纤维能显著提高BRA高模量沥青的蠕变柔量和抗剪切强度;纤维的微观形貌差异决定了不同纤维原材料对高模量沥青及其混合料性能改善效果有一定侧重点,采用交织化纤维复配方案恰好实现了不同纤维对BRA改性沥青性能改善效果的叠加作用;m(木质素纤维)∶m(聚酯纤维)∶m(玄武岩纤维)=1∶2∶2组成的交织化纤维,其对高模量沥青混合料各项路用性能有较大提升并且更加均衡,改性效果更佳明显;交织化纤维方案对改善高模量沥青混合料低温抗裂性能、长期高温稳定性和抗疲劳耐久性方面有较好技术优越性。     

TerminalBlend废胶粉-纳米SiO_2改性沥青粘温关系及低温韧性

为评价废胶粉-纳米复合改性沥青的高温抗变形性、流变特性及低温韧性,制备了湿法Terminal Blend胶粉-纳米SiO_2复合改性沥青,并借助旋转粘度、针入度、软化点、5℃和15℃延度试验进行了性能表征,还基于实测表观粘度拟合了复合改性沥青粘度-温度关系。结果表明:掺加纳米SiO_2后,复合改性沥青针入度减小,软化点升高,高温抗变形性能得到改善,且纳米SiO_2掺量越大,改善越显著;纳米SiO_2掺量4%时5℃延度比未掺前提高约37.5%。此外,复合改性沥青高温粘度较基质沥青和未纳米改性时有所增加,但135℃粘度不超过1500cP,施工和易性良好;粘度数据拟合还表明在135~200℃温度域内,复合改性沥青粘温关系符合较好的指数关系。     

植物纤维基包装材料中纤维悬浮体流变行为研究

目的 采用可再生的植物纤维机械搅拌制备植物纤维悬浮体系,探究纤维悬浮液的流变性影响因素和体系中纤维的分散与取向,为后续工业化产品的加工和运输设计奠定基础。方法 利用旋转流变仪测试纤维质量分数、长径比（纤维长度）、温度和水溶性高分子等各个因素对体系流变性能的影响。结果 纤维悬浮体系为非牛顿流体,表现剪切变稀现象。溶液的黏度随温度的变化经线性拟合符合Arrhenius方程。纤维质量分数、长径比（纤维长度）的提高均会增加体系表观黏度,促进纤维的分散及网络结构形成,而温度的提高,黏度会呈指数形式减小。加入水溶性高分子PVA和聚丙烯酰胺分散剂均会提高体系黏度,有助于纤维的分散;PVA醇解度越高,亲水基团越多,易与纤维产生更多氢键作用,形成纤维网络结构,有助于后续发泡结构控制,醇解度过高则易凝胶化。阳离子型CPAM有助于改善纤维表面负电荷,破坏纤维静电吸附,使得纤维分散更均匀。结论 纤维质量分数、长径比（纤维长度）、体系温度等因素会影响纤维悬浮液流变特性,水溶性PVA和分散剂聚丙烯酰胺的加入有助于纤维的分散,对工业化纤维浆料配比加工具有参考意义,同时体系的黏流特性有利于生产线浆料输送系统的设备设计...     

聚丙烯纤维-钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能试验

顶管施工中钢筋/混凝土管节存在开裂现象,严重影响工程质量与后续营运。鉴于聚丙烯纤维具有改善混凝土抗拉、抗裂性能的作用,本文采用2种聚丙烯细纤维和1种聚丙烯粗纤维,设计了无纤维、单掺粗纤维及混掺三种尺度纤维的3组钢筋/混凝土管试件,进行了三点试验,对比分析管节的开裂破坏形态、荷载挠度曲线和开裂延性指标。并建立纤维混凝土管节三点试验的有限元模型,进一步探究聚丙烯纤维掺量对钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能的影响规律。结果表明,聚丙烯粗纤维可提高混凝土管的抗裂与承载能力,聚丙烯粗、细纤维的协同作用使管达到更高的使用和极限强度。相比无纤维管,混掺多尺度纤维提升管的使用强度和极限强度分别为28.7%和36.4%。此外,数值模拟合理地预测了纤维/混凝土管节的荷载挠度响应,并针对混凝土管节的极限强度值,得到单掺和混掺聚丙烯纤维时粗纤维的最佳掺量。      

Toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete under mode II loading

The toughness indices of fiber reinforced concrete under Mode II loading effects are rarely reported due to lack of information on standard testing procedures. However, the direct shear test with improvement over JSCE-SF6 method is generally accepted to study Mode II fracture parameters. In this paper, experimental investigations to determine the fracture properties and toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) under Mode II loading are reported. Straight steel fibers of length 25 mm with an aspect ratio of 44.6 were randomly distributed in concrete with varying fiber volume fractions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. A symmetrical Mode II loading set up was designed to achieve an ideal shear failure. It has been observed that the failure was due essentially to shear (Mode II) fracture without secondary flexural cracking. Plain concrete failed at a low equivalent shear strain of 0.5%, while the addition of steel fibers improved the shear strains up to as much as 8.0%. The shear strength and the shear toughness of concrete with the addition of steel fibers have been improved very significantly. As the volume fraction of fibers increases, the shear strength increases up to an optimum volume fraction, beyond which there has been no improvement on the shear strength. However, the toughness indices determined in Mode II loading (shear) have been observed to be about 15 times as high as that under Mode I loading (flexure).     

混杂比对碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强复合材料力学性能的影响

利用层内混杂的方式制备碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物,通过对材料进行拉伸、三点弯曲等实验研究该织物增强复合材料的力学性能及混杂比对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维后复合材料的拉伸性能提高,表现出积极的混杂效应。由于延伸性好的芳纶纤维的加入,使复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率明显提高,材料破坏模式出现了完全脆性断裂模式(C12材料破坏形式)和“扫帚”形纤维断裂模式(C8A4,C6A6材料破坏形式)。此外,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维也有效改善了碳纤维增强复合材料的破坏韧性,碳/芳纶纤维混杂MBWK织物增强复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量随混杂比的提高而呈下降趋势,当复合材料中芳纶含量从42%(体积分数,下同)(C6A6)到59.2%(C4A8)的变化过程中,弯曲强度和弯曲模量的降低率较高。0°试样在混杂比为59.2%(C4A8)时,弯曲挠度最大,达到7.49 mm,远高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料。所有90°混杂复合材料试样的弯曲挠度均高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料,表现出积极的混杂效应。     

Improved fiber distribution and mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites by adjusting the mixing sequence

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with a diameter of 39 μm and a length of 6-12 mm is often used. Unlike plain concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete, ECC shows a strain-hardening behavior under tensile load. Apart from the mix design, the fiber distribution is another crucial factor for the mechanical properties of ECC, especially the ductility. In order to obtain a good fiber distribution, the plastic viscosity of the ECC mortar before adding fibers needs to be controlled, for example, by adjusting water-to-powder ratio or chemical admixtures. However, such adjustments have some limitations and may result in poor mechanical properties of ECC. This research explores an innovative approach to improve the fiber distribution by adjusting the mixing sequence. With the standard mixing sequence, fibers are added after all solid and liquid materials are mixed. The undesirable plastic viscosity before the fiber addition may cause poor fiber distribution and results in poor hardened properties. With the adjusted mixing sequence, the mix of solid materials with the liquid material is divided into two steps and the addition of fibers is between the two steps. In this paper, the influence of different water mixing sequences is investigated by comparing the experimental results of the uniaxial tensile test and the fiber distribution analysis. Compared with the standard mixing sequence, the adjusted mixing sequence increases the tensile strain capacity and ultimate tensile strength of ECC and improves the fiber distribution. This concept is further applied in the development of ECC with high volume of sand.     

Suspension characteristics and rheological properties of mullite/zirconia powder in methyl isobutyl ketone

Particle size and its distribution, sedimentation bulk density and rheology of mullite, zirconia, and mullite/zirconia mixed suspensions have been studied in terms of oxide loading (20, 30 vol%), and types of additives (dispersant, dispersant/plasticizer, dispersant/plasticizer/binder). Polyester/polyamine, dibutyl phthalate, poly(vinyl butyral), and methyl isobutyl ketone have been used as the dispersant, plasticizer, binder, and liquid medium, respectively. Sedimentation density significantly increased upon adding dispersant; the effect was more pronounced with zirconia suspension most likely due to the fine and hence high specific surface area of zirconia. With further addition of plasticizer and plasticizer/binder, the sedimentation density decreased. The suspension viscosity generally behaved in an opposite manner to the sedimentation density, i.e., low sedimentation density gave high low-shear viscosity, indicative of high order structure formation in the suspended particles. High shear rate rheology showed a shear thinning and its onset began at lower shear rate with higher solid loading. Mullite/zirconia mixed suspension gave intermediate sedimentation and rheological behavior, implying the two types of particles are non-interacting.     

硅藻土与蒙脱土协同改善SBS改性沥青性能的研究

为探明硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,本文通过熔融共混法制备了不同配比的硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青。采用常规物理性能测试、动态剪切流变实验、压力老化和紫外老化实验对硅藻土/蒙脱土/SBS改性沥青的物理、流变和老化性能进行了评价,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了老化过程中改性沥青化学结构的变化。研究表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用,不仅提高了SBS改性沥青的软化点与黏度,改善了SBS改性沥青的高温抗变形能力,而且有效降低了蒙脱土对SBS改性沥青低温抗裂性能的不利影响,并能够明显减小压力老化和紫外老化对SBS改性沥青软化点和黏度的负面影响,大幅度提高其延度保留率。蒙脱土掺量为1.5%时,硅藻土的适宜掺量为6%。FTIR分析表明,硅藻土与蒙脱土协同使用抑制了SBS改性沥青压力老化和紫外老化后羰基指数的增加与丁二烯指数的降低,增强了SBS改性沥青的抗老化能力。     

基于材料延性的高延性混凝土无腹筋梁受剪性能试验研究

为探讨材料延性对无腹筋梁受剪性能的影响,根据高延性混凝土设计理论,考虑纤维抗拉强度、长径比和纤维掺量等因素的影响,进行了4种不同配合比高延性混凝土（HDC）的力学性能试验,并设计了7个高延性混凝土（HDC）无腹筋梁和2个混凝土（RC）梁对比试件,通过静力试验研究材料延性对无腹筋梁的破坏形态、承载力和剪切变形能力的影响。试验结果表明:1）4组HDC试件分别达到不同的延性要求,其等效弯曲韧性可达砂浆试件的50倍,极限拉应变可达普通混凝土的90倍;2） HDC无腹筋梁的承载力可达RC梁的2.36倍,剪切变形能力可达RC梁的3倍以上,均发生具有一定延性的剪拉破坏;3）除剪跨比和纵筋配筋率外,HDC无腹筋梁的受剪承载力和变形能力均随材料延性的提高而增大,在设计中应予以考虑,并可根据工程实际需要选择相应的材料延性需求。     

Response of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams: Experiments and code predictions

The shear-flexure response of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams was investigated.Thirty-six reinforced concrete beams with and without conventional shear reinforcement (stirrups) were tested under a four-point bending configuration to study the effectiveness of steel fibers on shear and flexural strengths, failure mechanisms, crack control, and ductility.The major factors considered were compressive strength (normal strength and high strength concrete up to 100 MPa), shear span-effective depth ratio (a/d = 1.5, 2.5, 3.5), and web reinforcement (none, stirrups and/or steel fibers).The response of RC beams was evaluated based on the results of crack patterns, load at first cracking, ultimate shear capacity, and failure modes.The experimental evidence showed that the addition of steel fibers improves the mechanical response, i.e., flexural and shear strengths and the ductility of the flexural members.Finally, the most recent code-based shear resistance predictions for SFRC beams were considered to discuss their reliability with respect to the experimental findings. The crack pattern predictions are also reviewed based on the major factors that affect the results.