全无机钙钛矿量子点的光学研究进展

相比于传统半导体量子点,全无机钙钛矿量子点具有发光性能好,发射波长可调,光致发光量子产率高等优点,是光电领域的理想材料,现已被广泛用以制备发光二极管、太阳能电池等光电器件。综述了近年来全无机钙钛矿量子点的研究进展。介绍了全无机钙钛矿量子点的合成方式;分析了离子掺杂和配体修饰对全无机钙钛矿量子点的影响;阐述了全无机钙钛矿量子点在发光二级管中的应用;展望了全无机钙钛矿量子点的未来发展趋势,为全无机钙钛矿量子点在发光二极管的应用提供参考。     

量子点荧光材料在照明和显示领域的研究进展

由于量子点具有发光波长尺寸可调谐、发光峰窄、发光效率高和热稳定性等特点,近年来作为一种新型发光材料受到了越来越多的关注。它们不仅可以在电激发下实现自主发光,还可以在光激发下实现光转换,因此在照明和显示领域具有很广阔的应用前景。总结了用量子点荧光材料制备白光发光二极管的6种方法及其研究进展,还介绍了它们在液晶显示领域的应用,最后讨论了目前量子点荧光粉存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

日本研发新型发光二极管或爆发LED照明系统史新革命

<正>目前,日本广岛大学的科研人员已经将硅基量子点用于研发一种新型的发光二极管,并承诺这将是照明系统史上一场新的革命。这些科研人员已经制造出了一种无机/有机混合发光二极管,它可以通过量子点发出蓝白电发光。这种蓝白电发光二极管会让我们发明出一种新一代的自由发光和显示的照明系统。在《应用物理学快报》(Applied     

AgInS2量子点调控及其在WLED应用上的研究进展

AgInS₂量子点是一种有趣的材料,其近红外带隙范围从1.87到1.98 eV,作为直接带隙半导体,它能通过调节Ag/In比例来调节带隙,它还具有较宽的PL峰和较大的Stokes位移,同时低毒环保的特性也使它成为有望替代含Cd、Hg和Pb等重金属元素的二元量子点的理想材料,在光电器件领域尤其在发光二极管中有着广泛的应用前景。本文详细阐述了AgInS₂量子点晶体结构和发光机制,总结了其合成方法的特点并综述了通过壳体工程和掺杂的方法对AgInS₂量子点进行调控的策略,最后介绍了该类量子点在发光二极管方面的应用进展。     

Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃的光学性质及研究进展

由于量子限域效应,尺寸可调的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃在光学滤波片、非线性光学器件上的应用已经被广泛研究。玻璃中量子点的光学性质主要由量子点的尺寸、表面状态和周围基质环境决定,通过提高Se/Cd比可以有效地对量子点的表面缺陷进行钝化,实现CdSe量子点的本征发光;进一步调整热处理制度可以促进Zn离子扩散进入CdSe量子点表面,形成CdSe/Cd_(1-x)Zn_xSe核壳结构,使得缺陷发光几乎完全猝灭,从而提高量子点的荧光量子效率;在玻璃中原位合成的CdS/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光量子效率可达到53%。随着基础研究中玻璃中Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点荧光效率的不断提高,发光二极管(LED)等小型发光器件的制造成为可能。为了满足实际需要,建立核壳结构中量子点表面钝化机理模型,进一步优化量子点荧光效率是下一步需要解决的问题。     

CuInS_2/ZnS/ZnS量子点的制备与光电性能研究

首先以高温一锅煮法合成了CuInS_2核量子点,再通过连续和长时间的包覆ZnS外壳,制备出了量子产率高达76%的厚壳结构CuInS_2/ZnS/ZnS,将CuInS_2/ZnS/ZnS量子点作为发光层,利用简单的溶液处理法工艺成功制备出CuInS_2基量子点发光二极管(QLEDs)。同时对量子点的结构、形貌和光学性能及CuInS_2基QLEDs的光电性能进行表征和分析,研究结果表明,通过延长高温反应时间在CuInS_2核上包覆ZnS外壳,能够合成具有良好的光致发光性能的CuInS_2/ZnS/ZnS量子点,利用溶液法制备的CuInS_2基QLEDs开启电压值仅为2.5 V,并且其发光亮度能够达到5473 cd/m~2。CuInS_2/ZnS/ZnS的光致发光和电致发光性能都有了很大的提升。     

掺杂型Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族多元量子点的制备及应用研究进展

Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族多元量子点具有粒径尺寸小、半峰宽较宽、Stokes位移大、抗光漂白能力强、绿色环保等优异的物理化学性质,通过改变其化学成分可以实现发射范围在可见光到近红外光区域连续调谐,同时避免了Cd、Hg、Pb等重金属元素和Se、Te、P、As等剧毒阴离子的使用。上述优点使其成为替代传统二元量子点的理想材料,因此在太阳能电池、发光二极管、光探测器、生物成像等领域具有广阔的应用前景。与二元量子点相比,多元量子点由于含有多种不同类型的金属离子,存在金属离子反应速率不同的问题,使得晶体内部缺陷较多,因此荧光性能仍有待提高。掺杂过渡金属离子(例如Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺或Cu⁺)可有效调控多元量子点的带隙宽度,不仅可增大量子点的Stokes位移,还能促进辐射复合,从而有效拓宽发光范围,提高量子产率。本文详细阐述了掺杂型Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族多元量子点的发光机理,分别介绍了有机相和水相合成法制备该类型量子点的特点,通过有机相合成的多元量子点具有结晶性好、荧光量子产率高的优点,而水相合成的多元量子点具有安全环保、生物相容性好等明显优势。同时,本文综述...     

胶体量子点多色LED的设计、制备和表征

量子点LED采用胶体量子点为LED发光层,通过调节量子点的尺寸可以制作出覆盖可见以及近红外光谱的量子点LED(QD-LED),而且量子点LED器件发出的光谱范围很窄(光谱半高宽可达30 nm).为了研究不同发光颜色的QD-LED器件特性,本文采用具有523 nm和608 nm发光波长的CdSe/ZnS核壳型量子点为发光层、poly-TPD为空穴传输层、ZnO为电子传输层,制备了量子点红光和绿光LED并讨论了器件的相关特性.这些结果对量子点LED在飞机驾驶舱以及医疗器械照明方面的应用提供了参考,但要满足商业化的需求其寿命、亮度以及效率还需要进一步的提高.     

Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点的制备和非线性光学性质研究进展

量子点具有独特的量子结构和物理性质而被广泛应用于生物探针、发光二极管、太阳能电池等。主要综述了Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体量子点的合成方法,比较了各种方法的优缺点,并介绍了半导体量子点非线性光学性质研究的最新进展。最后对其今后的主要发展方向进行了探讨。     

基于碳点的固体发光材料：合成及其在白光发射二极管和光学传感器中的应用（英文）

碳点已成为碳质纳米材料家族的一颗新星。自从它们于2004年被偶然发现以来,获得了广泛的研究。基于碳点的固态发光材料环境友好、无毒、廉价,是取代稀土发光材料和半导体量子点的理想选择。然而,由于碳点易表现出聚集诱导猝灭的特点,将它们从溶液态转入固态时,如何保持其发光特性是一大挑战。本文介绍了碳点的合成方法,碳点基固态发光材料的制备方法及其在白光发光二极管和光学传感器中的典型应用。最后指出了碳点基固态发光材料仍然存在的缺点,并对其在白光发射二极管和光学传感器和其它领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

Emissive ZnO-graphene quantum dots for white-light-emitting diodes

Hybrid nanostructures combining inorganic materials and graphene are being developed for applications such as fuel cells, batteries, photovoltaics and sensors. However, the absence of a bandgap in graphene has restricted the electrical and optical characteristics of these hybrids, particularly their emissive properties. Here, we use a simple solution method to prepare emissive hybrid quantum dots consisting of a ZnO core wrapped in a shell of single-layer graphene. We then use these quantum dots to make a white-light-emitting diode with a brightness of 798?cd?m(-2). The strain introduced by curvature opens an electronic bandgap of 250?meV in the graphene, and two additional blue emission peaks are observed in the luminescent spectrum of the quantum dot. Density functional theory calculations reveal that these additional peaks result from a splitting of the lowest unoccupied orbitals of the graphene into three orbitals with distinct energy levels. White emission is achieved by combining the quantum dots with other emissive materials in a multilayer light-emitting diode.     

Layer-by-layer assembly of multicolored semiconductor quantum dots towards efficient blue, green, red and full color optical films

Multicolored semiconductor quantum dots have shown great promise for construction of miniaturized light-emitting diodes with compact size, low weight and cost, and high luminescent efficiency. The unique size-dependent luminescent property of quantum dots offers the feasibility of constructing single-color or full-color output light-emitting diodes with one type of material. In this paper, we have demonstrated the facile fabrication of blue-, green-, red-?and full-color-emitting semiconductor quantum dot optical films via a layer-by-layer assembly technique. The optical films were constructed by alternative deposition of different colored quantum dots with a series of oppositely charged species, in particular, the new use of cationic starch on glass substrates. Semiconductor ZnSe quantum dots exhibiting blue emission were deposited for fabrication of blue-emitting optical films, while semiconductor CdTe quantum dots with green and red emission were utilized for construction of green-?and red-emitting optical films. The assembly of integrated blue, green and red semiconductor quantum dots resulted in full-color-emitting optical films. The luminescent optical films showed very bright emitting colors under UV irradiation, and displayed dense, smooth and efficient luminous features, showing brighter luminescence in comparison with their corresponding quantum dot aqueous colloid solutions. The assembled optical films provide the prospect of miniaturized light-emitting-diode applications.     

Electrically driven quantum dot/wire/well hybrid light-emitting diodes

Electrically driven quantum dot, wire, and well hybrid light-emitting diodes are demonstrated by using nanometer-sized pyramid structures of GaN. InGaN quantum dots, wires, and wells are formed at the tops, edges, and sidewalls of pyramids, respectively. The hybrid light-emitting diodes containing low-dimensional quantum structures are good candidates for broad-band highly efficient visible lighting sources.     

Spin-polarized light-emitting diodes with Mn-doped InAs quantum dot nanomagnets as a spin aligner

We have fabricated and characterized surface-emitting, spin-polarized light-emitting diodes with a Mn-doped InAs dilute magnetic quantum dot spin-injector and contact region grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, and an In(0.4)Ga(0.6)As quantum dot active region. Energy-dispersive X-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopies performed on individual dots indicate that the Mn atoms incorporate within the dots themselves. Circularly polarized light is observed up to 160 K with a maximum degree of circular polarization of 5.8% measured at 28 K, indicating high-temperature spin injection and device operation.     

Visible colloidal nanocrystal silicon light-emitting diode

We herein demonstrate visible electroluminescence from colloidal silicon in the form of a hybrid silicon quantum dot-organic light emitting diode. The silicon quantum dot emission arises from quantum confinement, and thus nanocrystal size tunable visible electroluminescence from our devices is highlighted. An external quantum efficiency of 0.7% was obtained at a drive voltage where device electroluminescence is dominated by silicon quantum dot emission. The characteristics of our devices depend strongly on the organic transport layers employed as well as on the choice of solvent from which the Si quantum dots are cast.     

硫化铜量子点的研究进展

硫化铜量子点作为一种p型半导体纳米晶,具有很强的表面等离子体共振效应、低的毒性以及独特的光学和电学性能,在光催化、生物技术、光电转换材料领域受到了极大关注。由于单分散的硫化铜量子点的制备过程复杂,效率较低,并且纯的硫化铜量子点电导率较低,这极大地限制了其在能量存储器件方面的应用。此外,由于硫化铜量子点复杂的能带结构和独特的p型半导体特性,针对硫化铜量子点的光学性能调控尚不成熟。基于此,本文综述了硫化铜量子点在制备方面的研究现状与取得的进展,介绍了硫化铜量子点的能带结构、晶体结构,及其在量子点敏化太阳能电池、光催化降解污染物、肿瘤细胞诊断与治疗等方面的研究进展,并对硫化铜量子点或Cu系量子点更进一步的研究、开发应用提出了几点建议。     

异质外延自组织量子点弹性应变场分布的研究

通过有限元法,在ANSYS环境下,利用二维模型对自组织应变外延异质结透镜形量子点的应力应变分布情况进行了系统分析。分析过程分别考虑了孤立量子点系统、单层多量子点系统以及量子点超晶格系统3种情况,结果表明单层和超晶格多量子点系统衬底之间存在的长程相互作用力对量子点及其周围的应力应变分布有显著影响。在计算应变对多量子点系统的电子结构的影响时,必须将多量子点系统整体考虑。     

Bright and color-saturated emission from blue light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots

We report a multilayer solution-processed blue light-emitting diode based on colloidal core/shell CdS/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). At a low-operating voltage of 5.5 V, the device emits spectrally pure blue radiation at 460 nm with a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth of 20 nm and high brightness up to 1600 cd/m2. Broad-band, long-wavelength emission from the polymer components and deep traps in the QDs are minimized to less than 5% of the total emission.     

Semiconductor quantum dots

Three-dimensionally confined semiconductor quantum dots have emerged to be a versatile material system with unique physical properties for a wide range of device applications. With the advances in nanotechnology and material growth techniques for both epitaxial and colloidal quantum dots, recently the research has been shifted largely towards quantum dot based devices for practical applications. In this short review, we have tried to assemble a selection of recent advances in the areas of quantum dots for computing and communications, solid state lighting, photovoltaics, and biomedical applications that highlight the state of the art.