锗/石墨/硅薄膜结构的制备及其性质分析

利用磁控溅射技术在单晶硅衬底上制备出具有Ge/石墨/Si结构的薄膜样品,然后把其放入快速热退火(RTA)炉中退火。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试表明,石墨过渡层的引入缓解了Si、Ge之间的晶格失配和热失配。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明450℃是Ge薄膜晶化的临界衬底温度,750℃是使Ge薄膜RTA晶化程度明显提高的临界退火温度,30s是最佳退火时间。     

100μm大晶粒多晶硅薄膜的铝诱导法制备

以Corning Eagle 2000玻璃为衬底,用磁控溅射法制备了glass/a-Si/Si O2/Al叠层结构,于Ar气保护下退火,制备了具有很强的(111)择优取向,最大晶粒尺寸达100μm的铝诱导晶化多晶硅薄膜。研究结果表明,非晶硅的氧化时间越长,所制备的多晶硅晶粒尺寸越大,当氧化时间达约47h后,再延长氧化时间对薄膜性能的影响不明显。还发现退火温度越高,晶粒越小,但是反应速率越快。     

射频磁控溅射法制备碲化铅薄膜的X射线衍射分析

采用射频磁控溅射法,在单面抛光的Si(111)衬底上制备了PbTe薄膜,利用X射线衍射法分析了溅射工艺参数如溅射功率、溅射时间、衬底温度以及退火温度对PbTe薄膜的结晶质量的影响。结果表明:在溅射功率为30W,溅射时间为10 min,衬底未加热时制备的薄膜具有最好的〈100〉方向的择优取向性;退火处理可以改善薄膜的结晶质量,并且退火温度越高,薄膜的结晶质量越好。     

电子束蒸镀纳米TiO_2薄膜结构、相组成及亲水性研究

利用电子束蒸镀技术在石英玻璃和单晶Si〈100〉上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜,研究了衬底温度和退火温度对其结构、相组成和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,衬底温度为40~240℃时,石英玻璃上制备的薄膜为无定型TiO2,单晶Si〈100〉上制备的薄膜为弱结晶性的金红石TiO2,两类薄膜的亲水性均很差。退火温度显著影响薄膜的相组成及亲水性能。石英玻璃上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550,650℃退火后均转变为锐钛矿TiO2,具有很好的亲水性能。单晶Si〈100〉上不同衬底温度制备的TiO2薄膜经550~950℃退火后,均由金红石和锐钛矿TiO2混晶组成,且随退火温度升高,薄膜中锐钛矿TiO2含量逐渐增加;随退火温度升高,衬底温度为40℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐降低,而衬底温度为240℃时制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水性能逐渐增强。     

Sol-gel法制备Si基Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.85)Ti_3O_(12)铁电薄膜

采用Sol-gel法分别在Si(100)和Si(111)衬底上制备Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.85)Ti_3O_(12)(BNT)铁电薄膜。研究了衬底、退火温度、退火保温时间和薄膜厚度等因素对BNT铁电薄膜结晶和微观结构的影响。在500℃退火的BNT薄膜已经结晶形成层状钙钛矿相;升高退火温度(500～800℃)、延长保温时间(30～150min)、增加薄膜厚度(170～850nm),都有利于BNT薄膜晶粒长大,其中退火温度和薄膜厚度是影响晶粒长大的关键因素;每次涂覆的厚度大约是85nm。与Si(100)衬底相比,由于Si(111)与BNT薄膜具有更好的晶格匹配,因此BNT薄膜在Si(111)衬底上更容易结晶。     

Ge基GaAs薄膜和InAs量子点MBE生长研究

采用分子束外延(MBE)法,在优化Ge衬底退火工艺的基础上,通过对比在(001)面偏<111>方向分别为0°、2°、4°和6°的Ge衬底上生长的GaAs薄膜,发现当Ge衬底的偏角为6°时有利于高质量GaAs薄膜的生长;通过改变迁移增强外延(MEE)的生长温度,发现在GaAs成核温度为375℃时,可在6°偏角的Ge衬底上获得质量最好的GaAs薄膜。通过摸索GaAs/Ge衬底上InAs量子点的生长工艺,实现了高效的InAs量子点光致发光,其性能接近GaAs衬底上直接生长的InAs量子点的水平。     

铝诱导晶化P型非晶硅薄膜实验研究

利用PECVD设备在普通玻璃基片上沉积硼掺杂P型非晶硅薄膜,采用铝诱导晶化法（AIC）在氮气气氛保护下进行退火处理制备出P型多晶硅薄膜,研究了不同厚度的金属铝膜和热处理温度对非晶硅薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌的影响。实验结果表明：铝膜相对厚度越厚,对a—Si的晶化诱导效果则越好,在一定温度条件下,相对较厚的铝膜可以缩短a—Si晶化为polv-Si的时间,并且能使a—Si的晶化更加完整,产生尺寸较大的硅晶颗粒。在铝膜厚度相同,退火温度相同的条件下,热处理的时间越长,则晶化发生的程度越深,晶化越为彻底。     

铝诱导晶化真空蒸镀多晶硅薄膜的研究

采用真空蒸镀的方法在玻璃衬底上沉积1层非晶硅薄膜,再通过铝诱导晶化的方法制备出晶粒分布较均匀、晶粒尺寸0.5～5μm、晶化率达到89%的多晶硅薄膜。研究了衬底距离、衬底温度、退火温度对薄膜表面形貌、晶粒尺寸和分布及晶化率的影响。结果表明适中的衬底距离下得到的薄膜晶粒分布均匀,表面平整度好,薄膜厚度较大。薄膜的晶化率随着衬底温度和退火温度的提高而增大;随着退火温度的进一步提高,薄膜的晶化率达到最大值然后降低。     

退火温度对CuGa_(0.8)Ge_(0.2)Se_2薄膜结构及光学特性的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积法在SiO2衬底上制备了CuGa0.8Ge0.2Se2薄膜。采用X射线衍射和X射线能谱仪研究了退火温度对薄膜晶体结构和成分的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜表征了薄膜的表面形貌,采用紫外—可见分光光度计分析了薄膜的光学特性。结果表明,在CuGaSe2中掺杂Ⅳ族元素Ge,光子吸收能量分别为0.65和0.92 e V,禁带宽度为1.57 e V,能够形成中间带。并随着退火温度的升高,CuGa0.8Ge0.2Se2薄膜的光学带隙逐渐减小。     

硅(100)衬底表面快速热退火制备硒纳米晶薄膜的结晶动力学

采用超高真空气相沉积系统在Si(100)衬底上制备非晶硒(Se)薄膜,然后快速热退火制得Se纳米晶薄膜。SEM观察结果表明,当热退火温度高于140℃,薄膜表面形貌从条状裂纹逐渐变成孤立的六角块状结构。Raman和XRD测试分析发现,退火后的Se纳米晶均为三角晶型结构,当退火温度高于140℃时,Se开始沿(100)方向择优取向结晶。分析得出,在Si(100)衬底上的Se晶粒(100)晶面的激活能比(101)晶面的激活能低,因而在(100)面上的结晶速率比(101)面上的结晶速率大,使得Se在(100)方向择优结晶。笔者认为这是因为Si(100)衬底对Se的结晶具有诱导作用,致使硒的结晶具有各向异性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to