超疏水铜网的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

将铜网浸渍于一定浓度的氯化铜和硫代硫酸钠的混合液中反应一定时间,从而在铜网表面构筑了微米级颗粒粗糙表面,并用一定浓度的正十二硫醇对其进行疏水修饰,制备出了具有超疏水特性的铜网。并探讨了浸渍温度、浸渍时间、浸渍液配比、修饰浓度、修饰时间对铜网疏水性的影响。在浸渍温度50℃,浸渍时间4h,浸渍液配比1∶1,修饰浓度10mmol/L,修饰时间10min的条件下得到了疏水性最好的铜网。用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、接触角测量仪对所制备的铜网表面形貌、化学组成、疏水性能进行了表征,并用4种油水混合物探究了所制备铜网的分离效果。结果表明,所制备的铜网具有超疏水性,接触角可达154°,并且成功应用于不同油水混合物的分离,分离效率均在96%以上。     

超疏水超亲油三聚氰胺海绵的制备及其油水分离性能

利用正十二硫醇和氯化铜反应制备十二烷基硫铜,然后将其配制成乙醇悬浮液;将表面涂覆有聚多巴胺的三聚氰胺海绵浸入上述悬浮液中成功制备出超疏水三聚氰胺海绵,并用它来分离油水混合物.采用扫描电镜观察海绵表面形貌,利用接触角测量仪表征其润湿性能,借助红外分光测油仪测定水中含油量.研究结果表明,三聚氰胺海绵表面形成了凹凸不平的微纳米结构,呈超疏水超亲油状态;测得它对水的静态接触角为152°,而油滴能在1 s内被完全吸收.该样品对油水混合物具有良好的分离能力,分离后水中菜籽油含量从约25 g/L降到15.20 mg/L;对同一大豆油水混合物连续分离五次后其含油量可从36.45 mg/L降低至5.12 mg/L.该超疏水海绵具有良好的吸附油的能力,可吸收约自身质量54～77倍的有机溶剂或油品;在重复使用100次后仍能保持145°的接触角和达自身质量68.6倍的吸油能力;在海水中浸泡36 h后仍保持约147°的接触角和73.4倍的吸油能力.     

层层自组装法制备超疏水/超亲油棉织物及其油水分离性能

被油污染的水资源严重影响人类健康和生态系统.为得到具有优异油水分离性能的材料,利用层层自组装法,在棉织物表面组装纳米银薄层,随后用十二烷基硫醇修饰,制备了具有超疏水/超亲油性能的棉织物.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测试仪、分离效率表征超疏水/超亲油棉织物的微观形貌、表面化学组成、润湿性及油水分离性能.改性后的棉织物表面负载致密的纳米银薄层,水在该表面的接触角高达160°,而油的接触角为0°,显示出其良好的超疏水/超亲油性能;纳米银牢固地附着在棉织物的表面,使其表现出良好的抗磨损性、耐腐蚀性.油水分离测试显示,该棉织物对不同类型油品和水混合物的分离效率达88％以上,且具有较好的循环利用性.此外,该棉织物不仅能分离水上轻油、水下沉油,还能分离轻油-水-沉油三相所形成的混合物.     

电火花线切割制备超疏水多孔钛及其油水分离的应用

利用电火花线切割的方法制备具有双尺度结构的超疏水多孔钛表面,用于实现油水混合物的分离。以多孔钛为基材,通过电火花线切割的方法在表面加工出阵列微沟槽结构,该表面经过全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷的低表面能修饰后,制得超疏水多孔钛表面。利用接触角测试仪和电子显微镜等手段对超疏水多孔钛表面进行润湿性测量和形貌特征的分析,利用油水分离器测试超疏水多孔钛的油水分离能力。制备的超疏水多孔钛表面的接触角为162.6°,滚动角为0.5°,表现出低的粘附性。在油水分离试验中,超疏水多孔钛对于不同的油水混合物的分离率超过98%,耐压性测试发现该表面具有较好的耐压性能。化学稳定性测试和耐腐蚀性测试表明,超疏水多孔钛比基材具有更好的化学稳定性和耐腐蚀性。     

反应致相分离一步法制备超疏水亲油膜用于乳化油水分离

利用反应致相分离法,以丁基甲基丙烯酸酯(BMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为反应单体,制备得到了水接触角为154°、滚动角为4°的超疏水BMA-EDMA聚合物微孔膜.制备过程简易,反应条件温和,有着广泛的适用性.通过动态接触角、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对微孔膜进行表征.BMA-EDMA膜表面具有疏水的化学基团和较高的表面粗糙度,因此表现出超疏水和超亲油性.制备得到的超疏水BMA-EDMA膜对乳化油水混合物具有稳定的通量和高分离效率,且具有优异的环境稳定性.     

仿生超疏水表面的构建及应用研究进展

超疏水表面是指水接触角大于150°,滚动角小于10°的表面。超疏水表面具有抗冰、耐腐蚀、防污损、隐身、防雾、油水分离等多种性能,在很多领域都具有良好的应用潜力以及必要的研究空间。本文对超疏水表面的理论基础进行了简要概述,着重总结了当前超疏水表面的构建方法,主要包括刻蚀法、模板法、静电纺丝、溶胶-凝胶法和电化学沉积法等方法,最后对超疏水表面的应用进展进行了介绍。     

智能电池电解液隔板用超疏水铜网的设计与制备

通过化学置换镀银的方法在金属铜网表面沉积银镀层以使其表面粗糙化,然后在十二烷硫醇/乙醇混合溶液中浸泡,进行低表面能物质的表面修饰,制备出接触角达到约150°的超疏水铜网。对该铜网的表面结构及超疏水性能进行了分析。利用超疏水表面的电致润湿特性,设计此铜网为智能电池的关键部件—电解液隔板。当智能电池在存储阶段,电解液隔板可以阻止电解液与电极接触,杜绝电池自放电的发生。当电池使用的时候,在外加电场刺激下,该铜网由疏水特性转变为亲水特性,从而使电解液自由通过此铜网。本研究对防止电池的自放电具有指导意义。     

超疏水表面的制备与应用研究进展

近年来，受天然动植物的启发，越来越多的研究者设计和制备出了大量仿生超疏水表面。超疏水是指水滴接触角>150°,滚动角<10°的湿润状态。超疏水表面应用广泛，如耐腐蚀、防冰除冻、油水分离、自清洁性等性能，在很多领域有着较大的价值，国内外诸多学者开展了超疏水表面的制备及应用研究。高效的制备方法及持续的超疏水性能已成为该领域的研究热点和重要发展方向。在简要回顾超疏水理论模型之后，按照超疏水表面的制备方法以及应用等方面进行归纳分类并详细介绍其研究和应用现状，最后对其未来的发展趋势进行展望。     

浸渍法制备不锈钢基超疏水网膜及其在油水分离中的应用

通过化学浸渍法,使用低表面能物质12-羟基硬脂酸对经过化学刻蚀后具有微纳米粗糙度的不锈钢网膜进行了改性,从而成功制备出了超疏水网膜。通过扫描电镜、能谱分析、红外光谱、接触角测试等表征手段,对该改性后的网膜进行微观形貌、元素组成以及润湿性分析。由分析结果可知,改性后的网膜表面被12-羟基硬脂酸覆盖,且网膜表面形成了微纳米级的粗糙度;改性后的网膜对水的接触角为151°,对油的接触角接近0°。用制备的超疏水网膜进行油水分离测试,结果显示对于石油醚与水的共混物,分离效率可高达95.65%。用不同的油品对超疏水网膜进行循环性测试,均得到了较高的分离效率,并且在弱酸碱性以及盐性环境下网膜仍可保持90%以上的分离效率。     

超疏水超亲油304不锈钢网的制备及其油水分离性能

目前,用于油水分离的材料成本高,制备工艺复杂且效果较差,针对这一现象,选用304不锈钢网作为基体材料,通过氯化铁溶液刻蚀法获得粗糙表面,随后用十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷对该表面进行改性,成功制备出具有优异油水分离特性的超疏水超亲油不锈钢滤网,并对其结构及性能进行了测试表征.结果表明:超疏水不锈钢网与水的接触角达到151°,...     

Robust fabrication of fluorine-free superhydrophobic steel mesh for efficient oil/water separation

A facile and environmentally friendly method was reported for the fabrication of superhydrophobic steel mesh by depositing with dual-scale Polystyrene@Silica (PS@SiO₂) particles coated with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), which provided 3D multi-scale hierarchical rough surface structure with low surface energy to perform the superhydrophobic effect. PS particles of ~1 μm and ~200 nm were first synthesized via dispersion polymerization and emulsion polymerization, respectively. The obtained PS particles were then used as template for the silification using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the precursor. After treated with HDTMS, the PS@SiO₂ particles were deposited on steel mesh forming dual-sized hierarchical structures. The as-prepared film exhibited excellent water repellence with a water contact angle of 161.6° ± 1.1° and water contact angle hysteresis of 3.4°. It also showed efficient and rapid oil/water separation ability and could be repeatedly used for at least 5 times. This facile synthesis strategy for fabricating multifunctional steel mesh provides potential applications in large-scale oil–water separation.     

碳纳米管改性海泡石多孔陶瓷及其高效油水分离性能研究

为了有效地从油/水混合液体中回收油,本工作以纤维状海泡石为原料,硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体,聚乙烯粉体为造孔剂和碳源,采用冷冻干燥结合催化裂解法制备了超疏水/超亲油碳纳米管(CNTs)改性海泡石多孔陶瓷,研究了固含量和催化热解温度对改性多孔陶瓷形貌的影响,并表征了其在pH=1的强酸、pH=14的强碱、373 K高温和77 K低温等极端环境中的表面润湿性能及水油分离性能。结果表明:催化剂前驱体溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L、海泡石的固含量为15wt%、催化热解温度为973 K且保温时间为2 h时所制备的CNTs改性多孔陶瓷具有最好的超疏水/超亲油性能,其对柴油、白油、植物油和真空泵油的最高吸附量分别是其自身质量的15.7、20.8、23和25倍;其连续油水分离时油通量高达250 kg·s^–1·m^–2,且在5 h内分离效率及选择性不发生明显降低。     

Superhydrophobic–superoleophilic stainless steel meshes by spray-coating of a POSS hybrid acrylic polymer for oil–water separation

Superhydrophobic–superoleophilic meshes with hierarchical structures were fabricated by spraying a POSS hybrid acrylic polymer on stainless steel mesh for oil–water separation in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and thermogravimetric analyses were used to verify the chemical composition and thermostability of the POSS hybrid acrylic polymer, which was synthesized via a free radical solution polymerization. The obtained mesh was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical contact angle meter to confirm the morphology, composition, and wettability of the film surface. The coated mesh, with a static water contact angle of 153° and a sliding angle of 4.5°, was applied to separate a series of oil–water mixtures, such as n-hexane, isooctane, petroleum ether, kerosene, and vegetable oil, with separation efficiency nearly 99%. In addition, the coated mesh still kept separation efficiency approximately 99% even after 25 separation cycles for n-hexane/water mixture. After 20 abrasion cycles, the water contact angle of the mesh remained 145°, and separation efficiency for n-hexane/water mixture is approximately 99%, indicating the coated mesh possessed good mechanical stability. The as-prepared mesh will be a promising material in oil–water separation, due to the simple, low-cost, and easily scalable fabrication method and the excellent separation performance in radical oil–water separation.     

Understanding the wetting properties of nanostructured strontium titanate and its application for recyclable oil/water separation

In the present work, we have investigated the oil and water wetting properties of strontium titanate nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were coated on the stainless steel mesh to investigate wetting properties. The coated mesh was found to have superhydrophilic and superoleophilic behavior with a contact angle value of nearly zero degree for both water as well as oil. Further underwater oil contact angle was measured, showing underwater superoleophobic behavior of the coated mesh. The underlying mechanism was studied for the wetting behavior of strontium titanate coated mesh. The coated mesh was then utilized for the gravity-driven separation of different oil/water mixtures. The separation mesh can be used multiple times showing its antifouling property along with recyclability. Further, a capillary pressure based model was developed to explain the wettability contrast for water and oil as well as separation of the two liquid phases on passing through the separation device. The approach here used for fabrication is applicable for large-area fabrication making it convenient and cost-effective towards oil/water separation at large scale.     

玻璃纤维增强环氧复合材料上超疏水表面层的制备

先采用真空袋压法制备含CaCO3/环氧树脂表面功能层的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,再通过化学刻蚀与表面修饰,在玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料上制备出超疏水表面。采用扫描电镜和动/静态接触角分析仪,表征表面的形貌和疏水性,结果表明,在复合材料表面构建了具有微-纳米尺度二元粗糙结构;采用1%(质量分数)的硬脂酸修饰后,其表面与水的接触角最高达160.03°;制备的超疏水表面结构在室温环境下具有长期的稳定性。     

Preparation of Superhydrophilic and Underwater Superoleophobic Nanofiber‐Based Meshes from Waste Glass for Multifunctional Oil/Water Separation

The deterioration of water resources due to oil pollution, arising from oil spills, industrial oily wastewater discharge, etc., urgently requires the development of novel functional materials for highly efficient water remediation. Recently, superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic materials have drawn significant attention due to their low oil adhesion and selective oil/water separation. However, it is still a challenge to prepare low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional materials with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, which can be stably used for oil/water separation under harsh working conditions. Here, the preparation of nanofiber‐based meshes derived from waste glass through a green and sustainable route is demonstrated. The resulting meshes exhibit excellent performance in the selective separation of a wide range of oil/water mixtures. Importantly, these meshes can also maintain the superwetting property and high oil/water separation efficiency under various harsh conditions. Furthermore, the as‐prepared mesh can remove water‐soluble contaminants simultaneously during the oil/water separation process, leading to multifunctional water purification. The low‐cost and environmentally friendly fabrication, harsh‐environment resistance, and multifunctional characteristics make these nanofiber‐based meshes promising toward oil/water separation under practical conditions.     

Robust Flower‐Like TiO2@Cotton Fabrics with Special Wettability for Effective Self‐Cleaning and Versatile Oil/Water Separation

Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the mastoid on the micrometer and nanometer scale and the waxy crystals of the mastoid on natural lotus surfaces, a facile one‐step hydrothermal strategy is developed to coat flower‐like hierarchical TiO₂ micro/nanoparticles onto cotton fabric substrates (TiO₂@Cotton). Furthermore, robust superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton surfaces are constructed by the combination of hierarchical structure creation and low surface energy material modification, which allows versatility for self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. Compared with hydrophobic cotton fabric, the TiO₂@Cotton exhibits a superior antiwetting and self‐cleaning property with a contact angle (CA) lager than 160° and a sliding angle lower than 5°. The superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton shows excellent laundering durability against mechanical abrasion without an apparent reduction of the water contact angle. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale hierarchical structured cotton fabrics with special wettability are demonstrated to selectively collect oil from oil/water mixtures efficiently under various conditions (e.g., floating oil layer or underwater oil droplet or even oil/water mixtures). In addition, it is expected that this facile strategy can be widely used to construct multifunctional fabrics with excellent self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. The work would also be helpful to design and develop new underwater superoleophobic/superoleophilic materials and microfluidic management devices.     

超疏水石墨烯/甲醛-三聚氰胺-亚硫酸氢钠共聚物海绵的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

采用两步法合成了石墨烯（GE）改性的超疏水超亲油甲醛-三聚氰胺-亚硫酸氢钠（FMS）共聚物海绵,首先在FMS海绵基质上进行GE原位聚合,然后通过聚甲基苯基硅氧烷构筑超疏水结构。采用FTIR、SEM、TGA、光学接触角测量仪对海绵结构进行表征分析。结果表明,GE成功地修饰了FMS海绵,制备出的GE/FMS共聚物海绵的接触角达158.9°。将GE/FMS共聚物海绵用于油水分离,经20次对机油吸附-解吸附测定后仍能保持稳定的超疏水性质。改性后的GE/FMS海绵具有良好的可重复利用性且对油和有机溶剂具有高度选择吸收性,对氯仿和机油的吸收量分别达到自身质量的约125倍和90倍,对油或有机溶剂的回收率达到87%以上。进一步对油或有机溶剂与水的分离进行了应用模拟,结果表明:改性后的GE/FMS海绵可以高效快速地将油或有机溶剂从水中分离出来,对于投入生产及吸附应用具有实际意义。      

等离子体预处理制备抗菌-特殊润湿性除油型棉织物

为实现特殊润湿性材料的规模化生产,构筑长效、耐久、稳定的特殊浸润性油水分离产品,以棉织物网膜为基材,对其进行了等离子体预处理与超疏水性界面构建的研究。即将聚氨酯胶黏剂(PU)与合成的Ag@SiO2球形颗粒分别配制成涂剂A与涂剂B,采用简单的交替高压喷涂技术与疏水改性处理,在棉织物表面构建了强健的微纳二级粗糙结构,继而获得超疏水性生物质网膜材料。系统地研究了等离子体预处理基材距离、电压、喷涂次数等对基材表面粗糙度的作用规律,并对合成产品在抗菌防护与油水分离领域进行了应用探索。结果,该产品是一种优异的特殊润湿性除油型生物质基网膜材料,能够有效地实现油水分离应用,并防止病菌附着。     

Facile Fabrication of Eco‐Friendly Durable Superhydrophobic Material from Eggshell with Oil/Water Separation Property

Most superhydrophobic surfaces are fragile and even lose their functions under harsh conditions especially in outdoor applications. In this study, we have demonstrated a facile strategy for fabricating eco‐friendly and mechanical durable superhydrophobic material from eggshell. The as‐prepared superhydrophobic materials possess not only excellent self‐cleaning property and under oil superhydrophobicity, but also high‐efficient oil/water separation capability. More importantly, the obtained materials show outstanding and mechanical durable water repellency, which can maintain superhydrophobicity after 360 cm abrasion length of sandpaper. In addition, the materials also show durable superhydrophobic toward strong acidic/alkali solutions, UV irradiation, and water droplet impact, which demonstrates the outstanding chemical and environmental stability. This facile fabrication of the mechanical durable superhydrophobic materials and the utilization of daily garbage will provide the new ideas for engineering materials and accelerate the real application of the super‐repellent materials.