电刷镀-激光加工法制备耦合结构及复合特性研究

通过电刷镀-激光加工法在铝合金表面制备出特殊的复合结构,获得具有低黏附、耐腐蚀特性的超疏水表面,其对水的静态接触角达到155.1°,滚动角小于5.6°。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜、接触角测量仪(OCA15Pro)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征表面的形貌结构、润湿特性和物相组成,并通过腐蚀性实验对表面的耐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:制备表面是一种带有孔洞的沟槽与菜花状的凸包簇形成的复合结构,并且各凹槽与凸包结构均为定尺寸分布。电刷镀处理使表面物相组成相对于基体表面发生明显变化,进一步的激光加工使峰值强度增强,材料组织发生细化现象;耦合方法所制备表面的耐腐蚀性也得到改善。     

Ti6Al4V表面纹理制备及其润湿性

采用激光加工技术在Ti6Al4V表面分别加工直线、网格和具有规则点阵状结构的表面纹理,采用自组装技术制备自组装分子膜。采用扫描电镜、形貌分析仪和接触角测量仪对成膜后的钛合金表面进行形貌和接触角的表征与测量。结果表明,通过激光加工和沉积自组装分子膜,可显著增大Ti6Al4V的水接触角。其中直线纹理的试样表面水接触角可达124.8°,网格纹理的试样表面接触角可达126.1°,点阵状纹理的试样表面接触角可达151.6°。表面接触角与表面粗糙度相关,随着表面粗糙度值的增大,接触角呈增大趋势,当表面粗糙度>4μm时,接触角均>150°,形成超疏水表面。     

激光微织构与自组装对铝合金表面润湿性的影响

利用激光加工在铝合金表面进行微织构,通过自组装工艺在微织构表面修饰有机硅烷分子膜,制备得到具有疏水/超疏水性表面。利用扫描电镜、三维形貌仪、接触角测量仪对微织构表面微观形貌和润湿性进行表征。结果表明:激光微织构具有的微米级粗糙结构与自组装分子膜的共同作用对超疏水表面的构建具有重要作用;接触角随激光微织构加工间距(50~100μm)的减小而增大,且与微织构的形貌类型相关。漂浮承载实验表明,超疏水表面符合Cassie-Baxter状态模型,且可有效提高平台的漂浮承载能力。     

超疏水Ti6Al4V表面的制备及其润湿性

为了使Ti6Al4V合金具有超疏水特性,采用激光技术加工规则点阵状纹理,然后采用自组装技术在试样表面制备自组装分子膜,得到了超疏水Ti6Al4V表面.激光加工构造的微米级点阵结构规整,形成了具有一定高度的类似锥台或柱状的凸起.通过激光加工和沉积自组装分子膜,Ti6Al4V试样表面的水接触角显著增大,最大可达到151°.将测得的接触角与分别用Wenzel模型和Cassie模型计算的理论值进行比较,实测结果更接近Cassie模型的结果.通过改变激光加工表面微结构的参数,可以控制表面接触角的大小.随着表面粗糙度值的增大,接触角呈增大趋势.当表面粗糙度大于4μm时,接触角均大于150°,形成超疏水表面.     

疏水/超疏水船用铝合金表面制备及其耐久性

采用溶胶-凝胶法将SiO2纳米粒子涂覆在抛光和经激光刻蚀的船用铝合金表面,制备疏水/超疏水铝合金表面。利用使试样负载并在砂纸上摩擦滑行的方法测试疏水/超疏水表面的耐久性,结果表明:抛光表面的接触角随SiO2浓度的增高而增大,最大可达150.8°,但表面对水滴具有强黏附力。当摩擦滑行距离达到10m时,接触角小于铝合金表面原始接触角72.3°;激光刻蚀的网格和点阵微结构表面既具有超疏水特性又呈现出低黏附力;且网格表面的接触角更大,最大达155.4°,滚动角更小,最小仅为0.34°。当摩擦滑行距离达到10m时,表面依然疏水,且网格微结构的耐久性更强。     

激光微加工技术制备浸润性可控聚四氟乙烯超疏水表面EI北大核心CSCD

使用CO_2激光器对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面进行微加工,通过设计需要加工的图案,对加工间距、功率和加工次数等参数的控制,能获得浸润性可控的超疏水表面。扫描电子显微镜和接触角测量用于表征表面形貌结构和润湿性。研究了激光不同加工间距、不同加工功率及不同加工次数对表面浸润性和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,制备的超疏水表面各向异性程度随着条纹间距的增大而增大,使用不同的功率加工5次可实现相同的各向同性结构,相同条件下加工4次可以实现各向异性向各向同性的转变。CO_2激光微加工技术可用于大规模加工制备超疏水表面,进而用于微流控器件、定向集水及减阻、实验室芯片系统等领域。     

基于激光加工和自组装技术硅基底超疏水表面的制备

利用激光在硅基底上加工具有规则点阵结构的表面纹理,采用自组装技术在此硅表面制备全氟辛烷基三氯硅烷自组装分子膜。采用扫描电子显微镜和表面形貌仪对硅试样表面进行形貌分析,采用接触角测量仪测量试样的接触角。结果表明,激光加工后的硅试样表面纹理深度和表面粗糙度均随激光加工间距的增加而逐渐变大,试样表面的去除量随光照时间的增加而增大。通过激光加工和沉积自组装分子膜,硅试样表面的水接触角显著增大,最大可达到156°,且试样的水接触角随激光加工间距的减少而增大。试样接触角测量值与Cassie模型预测值相一致,当点阵直径与加工间距比0.510时,硅试样表面为超疏水表面。     

激光微加工技术制备浸润性可控聚四氟乙烯超疏水表面

使用CO_2激光器对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面进行微加工,通过设计需要加工的图案,对加工间距、功率和加工次数等参数的控制,能获得浸润性可控的超疏水表面。扫描电子显微镜和接触角测量用于表征表面形貌结构和润湿性。研究了激光不同加工间距、不同加工功率及不同加工次数对表面浸润性和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,制备的超疏水表面各向异性程度随着条纹间距的增大而增大,使用不同的功率加工5次可实现相同的各向同性结构,相同条件下加工4次可以实现各向异性向各向同性的转变。CO_2激光微加工技术可用于大规模加工制备超疏水表面,进而用于微流控器件、定向集水及减阻、实验室芯片系统等领域。     

飞秒激光参数对硅橡胶表面结构与防冰性能影响的研究

目的 采用飞秒激光刻蚀硅橡胶表面,获得表面结构较优、润湿性能与防冰性能优异的超疏水硅橡胶表面。方法 通过控制变量,设计单因素试验,研究飞秒激光参数(填充间距、能量密度、扫描速度)对硅橡胶表面结构的影响规律。基于正交试验设计和极差分析获得使表面结构规整且表面粗糙度最大的相对最优工艺参数,研究飞秒激光参数对表面粗糙度的影响主次顺序。结果 飞秒激光刻蚀硅橡胶的相对最佳工艺参数如下:能量密度为5 J/cm²,扫描速度为200 mm/s,填充间距为20 μm。最优参数组下激光刻蚀的超疏水硅橡胶表面粗糙度达到最大值5.954 μm,具有规整的峰状凸起与微纳结构和优异的超疏水性能,水接触角高达165.3°,滚动角低至2.6°。该超疏水硅橡胶表面具有优异的防冰性能,在低温高湿环境下,与未处理的硅橡胶表面相比,结冰时间由67 s延长至312 s,冰黏附强度由39.6 kPa降低至7.4 kPa。超疏水硅橡胶还具有良好的循环除冰性能,经20次结冰/除冰循环后,冰黏附强度仍不超过20 kPa;此外,该表面还具有优异的耐腐蚀性能和良好的耐磨损性能。结论 飞秒激光增大能量密度和减小扫描速度会使激光刻蚀宽度增大,要避免纵向条纹,应控制填充间距不超过激光刻蚀宽度。激光参数优化后刻蚀出的超疏水硅橡胶表面具备优异的防冰性能,并且机械与化学稳定性较好,在恶劣环境中的防冰领域,具有广阔的应用前景。     

强黏附性超疏水氧化铝的表面结构和黏附机理

以三丁醇铝为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸涂法制备得到氧化铝凝胶薄膜。再通过沸水处理、热处理和表面接枝聚乙烯亚胺和硬脂酸等工艺,获得了一种既具有超疏水特性又呈现出强黏附力的氧化铝薄膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和接触角测试等技术对薄膜表面的化学组成、形貌、结构和润湿性能及其黏附性等进行了考察。结果表明:所研制的氧化铝表面由多孔的花瓣状粗糙结构和独特的疏水长链单分子层构成。水滴可以润湿粗糙表面上较大尺度的凹槽,而不能浸润较小尺度的凹槽,从而使得这种氧化铝表面既呈现出很高的接触角,又具有较强的黏附特性。     

Hydrophobic Texture Screening of Laser Ablated Silicon Carbide Surface and Its Influencing Factors Analysis and Optimization

Four types of micro textures (grid, strip, square, and circle) are engraved on SiC surface by nanosecond laser and the texture with the best hydrophobicity is screened. Influence of processing parameters on the hydrophobicity is obtained by orthogonal experiment, which led to the determination of the optimal parameter combination. Relationship between the contact angle and the structural parameters of the micro texture is further investigated. Results show that the strip texture has the best hydrophobic performance and the contact angle increases with time until it reaches a stabilization (≈124.4°) after 192 h. The optimal combination of processing parameters is determined as follows: line spacing C = 275 μm, scanning velocity V = 1100 mm s⁻¹, power W = 15%, frequency f = 35 kHz, and number N = 100. The contact angle is closely related to bulge width c₁, groove width c₂, and groove depth h_g of the micro texture, and a larger contact angle generally corresponds to a smaller c₂ and a lager h_g. The droplets on the strip-texture surface are in Wenzel–Cassie or Wenzel state, which presents hydrophobic and diversion characteristics under the action of micro-nano composite structure and the anisotropy of micro texture.     

Wetting Properties of Steel Surfaces Modified by Laser Interference Metallurgy

The wetting properties of 100Cr6 bearing steel surfaces modified using laser interference metallurgy (LIMET) are analyzed. The steel surfaces are structured with line‐like patterns with line‐spacing. The topography of the ridged surface is analyzed by means of white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy and surface chemistry of the different topographic regions by Raman spectroscopy. Contact angle (CA) measurements are performed on modified and non‐irradiated surfaces, using bi‐distilled water and FVA2 industrial oil. The angles are measured parallel and perpendicular to the line‐pattern orientation. The topographical analysis shows steep line‐pattern produced by laser. Raman analysis indicates that the laser irradiation does not significantly change the chemical species of the modified surfaces. The CA measurements elucidates that the parallel orientation provides a better wetting of the surface, because the laser line‐pattern acts as capillary flow channels, whereas the perpendicular orientation imposes energy barrier thus preventing wetting. As expected, the wetting coverage is more effective for larger than for smaller periodic structures, due to the larger area of flat contact. These novel results highlight the relevant use of LIMET to tailor the wetting properties of steel surfaces.     

计量型扫描电子显微镜测控系统研究

为了解决扫描电子显微镜(SEM)在100 nm以下的微纳几何结构尺寸精确测量方面的不足,实现SEM测量值的量值传递与溯源,研制了一套计量型SEM测控系统。该系统主要由位移台运动控制模块、激光干涉位移测量模块和图像采集与处理模块组成,基于LabVIEW图形编程语言开发了测控系统上位机软件。对1μm×1μm二维栅格样品进行尺寸测量实验,结果表明,该计量型SEM测控系统运行稳定可靠,且在10μm测量范围内的测量值示值误差优于10 nm。     

Effects of scan line spacing on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of porous Ti6Al4V implants fabricated by selective laser melting

The use of porous structures is gaining popularity in biomedical implant manufacture fields due to its ability to promote increased osseointegration and cell proliferation. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technique capable of producing the porous structure. Adjusting the parameter of scan line spacing is a simple and fast way to gain porous structures in SLM process. By using the medical alloy of Ti6Al4V, we systematically study the influence of the scan line spacing on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of porous implant for the first time. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that the porous Ti6Al4V implants with interconnected pore sizes which ranges from 250 to 450 μm is appropriate for compact bone. The compression strength and modulus of the porous Ti6Al4V implants decrease with the increase of the scan line spacing, and two equations by fitting the data have been established to predict their compression properties. The compressive deformation of the porous Ti6Al4V implants presented an adiabatic shear band (ASB) fracture, which is similar to dense Ti6Al4V owing to the dense thin wall structures. The ability to create both high porosity and strong mechanical properties implants opens a new avenue for fabricating porous implants which is used for load-bearing bone defect repair and regeneration.     

表面微结构金属干式电极制造及细菌粘附性能研究

为开发出高性能生物医用干式电极,提出了利用激光微铣-重铸加工方法,实现了表面具有微结构阵列特征的新型金属干式电极的制造成形。在分析电极表面微观形貌的基础上,研究了电极表面的润湿性能,并重点研究了扫描间距、扫描速度和扫描次数等加工参数对大肠杆菌粘附性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：在一定工艺参数条件下所加工出具有微结构阵列特征的电极的接触角可达150°以上,表现出超疏水的特性。在不同扫描间隙和扫描次数条件下加工出的电极对大肠杆菌的粘附性能具有较大影响,在选择0.1 mm扫描间隙时,电极表面粘附的大肠杆菌数量最少,适当增加扫描次数,也能够有效地减少电极表面大肠杆菌的粘结,从而发挥较好的抗菌效果。通过改变扫描速度加工出的电极则对大肠杆菌的粘附性能影响不大。     

Fabrication of biomimetic super-hydrophobic surface on aluminum alloy

Inspired by microstructure characteristics of surfaces of typical plant leaves such as petal of red rose, the biomimetic super-hydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy has been successfully fabricated by laser processing and surface modification by DTS (CH₃(CH₂)₁₁Si(OCH₃)₃). The morphological features, chemical composition, and super-hydrophobicity of resultant surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The super-hydrophobic surface exhibited a microstructure consisting of myriad micro-scale crater-like pits. It is found that the super-hydrophobicity is synchronously governed by both the surface chemical composition and geometrical microstructure structures. The highest water contact angle of resultant surface reaches as high as 161.0°. Moreover, corrosion resistance property of these prepared films against NaCl solution is elucidated using electrochemical measurements; it is found that the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy is also considerably improved.     

The influence of surface chemistry and topography on the contact guidance of MG63 osteoblast cells

The purpose of the present study was to determine in vitro the effects of different surface topographies and chemistries of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) surfaces on osteoblast growth and attachment. Microgrooves (widths of 2, 4, 8 and 10 μm and a depth of 1.5–2 μm) were patterned onto silicon (Si) substrates using microlithography and reactive ion etching. The Si substrates were subsequently vapor coated with either cpTi or DLC coatings. All surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. Using the MG63 Osteoblast-Like cell line, we determined cell viability, adhesion, and morphology on different substrates over a 3 day culture period. The results showed cpTi surfaces to be significantly more hydrophilic than DLC for groove sizes larger than 2 μm. Cell contact guidance was observed for all grooved samples in comparison to the unpatterned controls. The cell viability tests indicated a significantly greater cell number for 8 and 10 μm grooves on cpTi surfaces compared to other groove sizes. The cell adhesion study showed that the smaller groove sizes, as well as the unpatterned control groups, displayed better cell adhesion to the substrate.     

Weldability,microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded selective laser melted 304 stainless steel joints

Laser welding is a promising process for joining small components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) to fabricate the large-scale and complex-shaped parts. In the work, the morphology, microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties and corrosion resistance of the laser welded stress-relieved SLMed 304 stainless steel joints are investigated, as the different sections of stress-relieved SLMed 304 stainless steel are joined. Results show that the SLMed 304 stainless steel plates have a good laser weldability. The microstructure of laser-welded joints consists of the cellular dendrites in austenite matrix within columnar grains, exhibiting a coarser dendrite structure, lower microhardness (∼220 HV) and tensile properties (tensile strength of ∼750 MPa, and area reduction of ∼27.6%), but superior corrosion resistance to those of SLMed plates. The dendrite arm spacing of the joints varies from ∼3.7 μm in center zone, to ∼5.0 μm in fusion zone, to ∼2.5 μm in epitaxial zone. The SLMed anisotropy shows a negligible effect on the microstructure and performance of the laser-welded joints. The laser welding along the building directions of the SLMed base plates can induce a slightly finer dendritic structure and higher tensile properties.