离子液体[Bmim-]PF6的微波合成、表征及以[Bmim]PF6为介质的TiO2光催化剂的制备研究

采用微波两步法合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷([Bmim]PF6)离子液体,优化了离子液体的合成条件,探讨了微波辅助合成离子液体的影响因素,采用多种方法表征了离子液体的结构,并使用该离子液体制备了TiO2光催化剂.制备的TiO2具有良好的光催化活性,16h内对苯酚的降解率达到99.23%.     

系列功能化离子液体的合成表征及其性质研究

通过两步法合成了含不同阴离子的系列含酯基官能团的咪唑类离子液体,用核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析对其进行了结构表征,证明了该合成方法的可靠性;对功能化离子液体的基本物化性质及热稳定性等进行了全面研究,并选择了含有相同烷基的未功能化离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐进行对比,发现酯基官能团的引入,使烷基咪唑类离子液体展现出不同的物化特性。所合成的含酯基功能化离子液体为进一步开展离子液体的各方面研究提供了全新的材料并打下了一定基础。     

磁性离子液体的制备与应用研究进展

磁性离子液体是一种新型的功能化离子液体材料,具有优良的热稳定性、优异的电化学性能、良好的溶解性能以及可回收性等特性,使其在萃取分离、反应催化和复合材料等领域具有较好的应用前景。对目前合成的磁性离子液体做了概述并根据构效关系对主要的磁性离子液体进行了分类。综述了磁性离子液体的主要制备方法,主要有一步合成法、二步合成法和辅助合成法。介绍了磁性离子液体在萃取分离、反应催化及碳纳米管复合材料领域应用研究进展。最后根据磁性离子液体在合成和应用中的不足做了展望。     

氨基酸离子液体清洁催化合成阿司匹林

以氨基酸为原料采用一步法合成了3种氨基酸离子液体,将其代替浓H2SO4用于催化乙酸酐和水杨酸的乙酰化反应,清洁合成阿司匹林。考察了离子液体种类及用量、原料配比、反应温度、时间等因素对合成阿司匹林的影响。结果表明,该离子液体对于合成阿司匹林具有良好的催化效果,在水杨酸20mmol、乙酸酐40mmol、谷氨酸硫酸盐离子液体([Glu]HSO4)2mmol、反应温度70℃、反应时间30min的条件下,阿司匹林分离产率可达84.8%。增大投料量,产率还会进一步升高,并且离子液体可重复使用。     

离子液体与相关聚合物电解质研究进展

论述了近年关于离子液体的种类、合成方法及其特性的研究进展 ,应用离子液体或在单体中引入其结构可制得聚合物电解质 ,有些离子液体及相关聚合物电解质具有良好的电化学等性质 ,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

离子液体的微波合成研究进展

离子液体因具有独特的物理化学性质和巨大的应用前景而得到广泛关注和研究。离子液体的合成是离子液体研究和工业化应用的基础和核心。简单介绍了离子液体的传统合成方法,并指出存在的问题;综述新型微波法合成离子液体的研究进展,总结微波合成方法。与传统方法进行比较,微波合成方法具有反应时间短、产率高和环境友好的优势。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘对液体、凝胶电解质及染料敏化太阳电池性能的影响

采用季铵化反应成功合成了[Bmim]I，并制备了含有[Bmim]I、KI和I2的离子液体液体电解质和凝胶电解质。通过对比[Bmim]I浓度对液体和凝胶电解质电导率的影响及液体、凝胶电解质DSC的各项光电性能，发现液体电解质有更高的电导率，其组装的DSC的光电性能均高于凝胶电解质体系，通过对DSC稳定性的对比，发现离子液体凝胶电解质显示了更好的长期稳定性。     

FeCl3低温共熔Cl深度萃取模拟油脱硫性能的研究

用 N-甲基咪唑和氯代正辛烷为原料,首先合成出中间体[Omim]Cl,然后与几种典型的金属氯化物按不同的物质的量比合成出了一系列的离子液体,采用红外光谱对其进行表征,并考察了离子液体对正辛烷中二苯并噻吩的萃取脱除效果。对几种不同的离子液体的脱硫性能进行了初步比较,并针对[Omim]Cl·2FeCl3离子液体详尽考察了剂油体积比、萃取时间、萃取温度、硫化物的种类、重复利用次数等因素对脱硫率的影响。结果表明,萃取温度为25℃,萃取时间为20 min,剂油体积比为1∶20时,[Omim]Cl·2FeCl3对 DBT 的脱除率高达99.20%,并且对4种不同含硫组分的脱除能力：DBT>BT>T>3-MT。且离子液体再重复使用5次后,对 DBT 的脱除率还能够达到89.56%,离子液体经回收之后,对 DBT 的脱除率没有明显的下降,表明再生效果良好。实验数据对咪唑离子液体的萃取脱硫性能研究和反应条件的优选提供了重要信息。     

微波辅助离子液体法在无机纳米材料合成中的应用

作为一种新型的绿色化学合成方法,微波辅助离子液体法,融合了离子液体与微波加热法的优点.简要介绍了微波加热和加速化学反应的原理,总结了微波辅助离子液体法合成无机纳米材料的特点,综述了微波辅助离子液体法在无机纳米材料合成中的应用,展望了该方法在无机纳米材料合成方面的应用前景.     

胍盐离子液体的合成及其对钢/钢摩擦副的摩擦性能研究

采用先溴化再置换的方法合成了两种胍盐离子液体,利用热重分析仪评价了离子液体的热稳定性。研究了这两种胍盐离子液体的摩擦学性能,在扫描电子显微镜下观察了磨斑表面形貌,并与膦嗪以及全氟聚醚和烷基咪唑离子液体进行对比。用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了润滑机理。结果表明:与膦嗪、全氟聚醚以及烷基咪唑离子液体相比,胍盐离子液体对钢/钢摩擦副具有非常好的润滑作用,其承载能力最强,摩擦系数最小,磨痕最浅,并且增长链长可以有效地提高其减摩抗磨效果。     

Density-viscosity product of small-volume ionic liquid samples using quartz crystal impedance analysis

Quartz crystal impedance analysis has been developed as a technique to assess whether room-temperature ionic liquids are Newtonian fluids and as a small-volume method for determining the values of their viscosity-density product, rho eta. Changes in the impedance spectrum of a 5-MHz fundamental frequency quartz crystal induced by a water-miscible room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimiclazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([C4mim][OTf]), were measured. From coupled frequency shift and bandwidth changes as the concentration was varied from 0 to 100% ionic liquid, it was determined that this liquid provided a Newtonian response. A second water-immiscible ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4mim][NTf2], with concentration varied using methanol, was tested and also found to provide a Newtonian response. In both cases, the values of the square root of the viscosity-density product deduced from the small-volume quartz crystal technique were consistent with those measured using a viscometer and density meter. The third harmonic of the crystal was found to provide the closest agreement between the two measurement methods; the pure ionic liquids had the largest difference of approximately 10%. In addition, 18 pure ionic liquids were tested, and for 11 of these, good-quality frequency shift and bandwidth data were obtained; these 12 all had a Newtonian response. The frequency shift of the third harmonic was found to vary linearly with square root of viscosity-density product of the pure ionic liquids up to a value of square root(rho eta) approximately 18 kg m(-2) s(-1/2), but with a slope 10% smaller than that predicted by the Kanazawa and Gordon equation. It is envisaged that the quartz crystal technique could be used in a high-throughput microfluidic system for characterizing ionic liquids.     

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Conventional synthesis of inorganic materials relies heavily on water and organic solvents. Alternatively, the synthesis of inorganic materials using, or in the presence of, ionic liquids represents a burgeoning direction in materials chemistry. Use of ionic liquids in solvent extraction and organic catalysis has been extensively studied, but their use in inorganic synthesis has just begun. Ionic liquids are a family of non‐conventional molten salts that can act as templates and precursors to inorganic materials, as well as solvents. They offer many advantages, such as negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, good thermal stability, tunable solubility for both organic and inorganic molecules, and much synthetic flexibility. In this Review, the use of ionic liquids in the preparation of several categories of inorganic and hybrid materials (i.e., metal structures, non‐metal elements, silicas, organosilicas, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal salts, open‐framework structures, ionic liquid‐functionalized materials, and supported ionic liquids) is summarized. The status quo of the research field is assessed, and some future perspectives are furnished.     

Preparation of AgX (X = Cl, I) nanoparticles using ionic liquids

Nanoparticles of silver halides have been prepared by mixing silver halide powder with a single liquid phase consisting of an ionic liquid, isooctane, n-decanol and water. Much higher nanoparticle concentrations may be formed with ionic liquids using this new simple method than are found with conventionally applied surfactants. This method also emphasizes the applicability of ionic liquids as versatile components in microemulsions and as solvents for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The effect on the nanoparticles of changing the composition of the liquid mixtures and the nature of the ionic liquid is analysed. High nanoparticle concentrations were only found with chloride based ionic liquids, indicating the importance of the ionic liquid anion in the mechanism of the reaction.     

聚离子液体作为吸附材料的研究进展

聚离子液体(Polymeric ionic liquid,PIL)兼具离子液体和聚合物的双重优点,克服了离子液体在吸附过程中无形貌、高粘度、难回收及其使用中易流失等问题。通过聚合物设计和制备,不仅可以得到各种结构、尺寸和形貌的PIL材料,还可以提高PIL中离子液体功能基团的利用率。因此,PIL作为一类新型的高分子吸附材料迅速成为分离领域的热点。在介绍PIL的性质、分类和主要合成途径的基础上,总结了国内外近年来PIL在水相吸附中的研究进展。主要讨论了不同聚合物结构,如线性、超支化、交联结构等,对PIL吸附有机吸附质的影响,并分析了PIL功能基团与不同吸附质之间的相互作用机制,如离子交换、静电作用、氢键以及π-π堆叠等。最后,总结了离子液体功能基团和吸附剂结构与PIL吸附效果之间的关系,并对PIL吸附材料的发展进行了展望。     

Ionic liquids as matrixes for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Room-temperature ionic liquids are useful as solvents for organic synthesis, electrochemical studies, and separations. We wished to examine whether their high solubalizing power, negligible vapor pressure, and broad liquid temperature range are advantageous if they are used as matrixes for UV-MALDI. Several different ionic matrixes were synthesized and tested, using peptides, proteins, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2000). All ionic liquids tested have excellent solubilizing properties and vacuum stability compared to other commonly used liquid and solid matrixes. However, they varied widely in their ability to produce analyte gas-phase ions. Certain ionic matrixes, however, produce homogeneous solutions of greater vacuum stability, higher ion peak intensity, and equivalent or lower detection limits than currently used solid matrixes. Clearly, ionic liquids and their more amorphous solid analogues merit further investigation as MALDI matrixes.     

Separation and recovery of critical metal ions using ionic liquids

Separation and purification of critical metal ions such as rare-earth elements (REEs), scandium and niobium from their minerals is difficult and often determines if extraction is economically and environmentally feasible. Solvent extraction is a commonly used metal-ion separation process, usually favored because of its simplicity, speed and wide scope, which is why it is often employed for separating trace metals from their minerals. However, the types of solvents widely used for the recovery of metal ions have adverse environmental impact. Alternatives to solvent extraction have been explored and advances in separation technologies have shown commercial establishment of liquid membranes as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction for the recovery of metals and other valuable materials. Liquid membrane transport incorporates solvent extraction and membrane separation in one continuously operating system. Both methods conventionally use solvents that are harmful to the environment, however, the introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) over the last decade is set to minimize the environmental impact of both solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation processes. ILs are a family of organic molten salts with low or negligible vapour pressure which may be formed below 100 ℃. Such liquids are also highly thermally stable and less toxic. Their ionic structure makes them thermodynamically favorable solvents for the extraction of metallic ions. The main aim of this article is to review the current achievements in the separation of REE, scandium, niobium and vanadium from their minerals, using ILs in either solvent extraction or liquid membrane processes. The mechanism of separation using ILs is discussed and the engineering constraints to their application are identified.     

High-stability ionic liquids. A new class of stationary phases for gas chromatography

Room-temperature ionic liquids are a class of non-molecular ionic solvents with low melting points. Their properties have the potential to be especially useful as stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A series of common ionic liquids were evaluated as GLC stationary phases. It was found that many of these ionic liquids suffer from low thermal stability and possess unfavorable retention behavior for some classes of molecules. Two new ionic liquids were engineered and synthesized to overcome these drawbacks. The two new ionic liquids (1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) are based on "bulky" imidazolium cations with trifluoromethanesulfonate anions. Their solvation characteristics were evaluated using the Abraham solvation parameter model and correlations made between the structure of the cation and the degree to which the ionic liquids retain certain analytes. The new ionic liquids have good thermal stability up to 260 degrees C, provide symmetrical peak shapes, and because of their broad range of solvation-type interactions, exhibit dual-nature selectivity behavior. In addition, the ionic liquid stationary phases provided different retention behavior for many analytes compared to a commercial methylphenyl polysiloxane GLC stationary phase. This difference in selectivity is due to the unique solvation characteristics of the ionic liquids and makes them very useful as dualnature GLC stationary phases.