醇热法制备球形TiO2及其光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,乙醇和丙三醇混合液为溶剂,采用醇热法制备球形二氧化钛(TiO_2)。考察了丙三醇的用量对产物结构和性能的影响。以盐酸四环素为目标物,考察了制得的纳米TiO_2的光催化活性。研究结果表明:丙三醇与乙醇的体积配合比1∶0.2制得的球形纳米TiO_2对盐酸四环素的光催化降解效果最佳,在纳米TiO_2光催化剂投加量为1g/L,盐酸四环素为0.1g/L,紫外光或模拟太阳光照2h条件下,对盐酸四环素的降解率分别达到98.58%和90.00%。     

CuMnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂增效催化降解亚甲基蓝

首次利用旋涂法将CuMnO_2纳米晶负载于TiO_2纳米棒阵列薄膜上,制备出光催化性能增强的CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化剂,并考察了样品对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解性能。研究结果表明,CuMnO_2纳米晶和TiO_2纳米棒之间形成p-n异质结结构,能够有效促进电子和空穴的分离,使得CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化性能。采用浓度为0.25 g/L的CuMnO_2悬浮液制得的CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合材料的光催化降解效率最高,其光催化效率和表观速率分别为88%和0.298 6 h~(-1),较纯TiO_2提高约26%和80%。     

异质结构的TiO_2/ZnO纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸丁酯、醋酸锌和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为前驱物,将静电纺丝技术和高温煅烧法相结合,一步制备出异质结构的二氧化钛(TiO_2)/氧化锌(ZnO)纳米纤维。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis对样品进行表征。并以罗丹明B(RhB)为降解模拟污染物测试了紫外光照射下的光催化活性。制得的TiO_2/ZnO-1纳米纤维直径在100~150nm之间,长度在2μm以上,ZnO纳米颗粒均匀分散在TiO_2/ZnO-1纳米纤维表面;在紫外光条件下具有良好的光催化性能,在紫外光光照25min后TiO_2/ZnO-1对RhB的降解率达到100%,而在同样条件下纯TiO_2纳米纤维对RhB的降解率只有70.8%。     

气相溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2-硅藻土复合光催化材料

以硅藻土和钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为原料,氨气气氛中,利用TBOT在硅藻土表面及内部的原位水解-缩合反应制备TiO_2-硅藻土复合光催化材料;采用SEM、XRD、EDS、紫外分光光度计等对该复合材料的表面形貌、晶型、催化性能等进行表征;使用该复合材料对甲基橙进行催化降解。结果表明:TBOT在硅藻土表面及内部生成纳米TiO_2微粒,具有硅藻土的孔道结构和纳米TiO_2微球2级结构,具有光催化性能。     

循环伏安法初探纳米TiO2电极产生·OH的光催化行为

将纳米TiO2粉体分散在钛酸四丁酯中制成纳米TiO2胶体溶液,在ITO上涂膜烧结制成纳米TiO2薄膜电极。利用循环伏安法发现纳米TiO2薄膜电极表面有.OH产生,并进一步利用电子自旋共振(ESR)谱来检测.OH的产生情况。得到在自然光下,纳米TiO2薄膜电极吸收紫外光能量后产生了空穴(h ),与吸附在电极表面的水分子反应产生.OH。通过降解甲醛的实验,初步验证了.OH光催化降解甲醛的机理。     

石墨烯/纳米TiO_2复合材料的制备及光催化还原性能

为探索超声辅助下利用紫外光及耦合热还原工艺制备RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料的方法,并对其在缺氧水体中的光催化还原特性进行研究,首先,以鳞片石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),进而通过超声/紫外光还原工艺制备了还原氧化石墨烯(RGO);然后,以钛酸丁脂和RGO为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法并在氮气保护下高温加热制备了RGO/纳米TiO_2复合光催化材料;接着,利用FTIR、XRD、BET及紫外-可见光谱等对RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料进行了结构性能表征;最后,以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为探针物,研究了RGO/纳米TiO_2在缺氧水体中的光催化特性与2,4-D降解机制。结果表明:采用低温氧化Hummers法制备的GO六碳环上生成的活性基团较少,采用超声/紫外光还原工艺及耦合高温热还原工艺可使环状结构得到良好的修复;所制备的RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料具有良好的2,4-D降解能力,在缺氧状态下,2,4-D主要发生光催化还原反应,脱除苯环上的氯,产生氯酚、邻苯三酚及间苯三酚等中间产物,部分2,4-D被氧化降解生成CO_2和H_2O。制备的RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料具有良好的光催化还原性能。     

CuO/ZnO复合纳米树阵列的制备及光学特性

通过热氧化法在铜基板上制备CuO纳米线,采用凝胶法制备ZnO/CuO复合纳米树阵列。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发射光谱对样品结构、形貌、光学特性进行表征。结果表明,CuO/ZnO纳米树形貌规整完美,在CuO纳米线上二次生长的ZnO纳米棒具有各向晶体生长性质,CuO/ZnO复合纳米树在可见光区域出现了优越的发光性能;以甲基橙为模拟污染物,通过光催化测试表明,CuO/ZnO复合纳米树还具有卓越的光催化性能。     

纳米TiO2/SiO2负载棉织物的制备及其光催化降解染料的研究

将纳米TiO_2水溶胶和纳米SiO_2水溶胶复配制备环境净化整理剂,并通过轧烘焙工艺对棉织物进行后整理得到纳米TiO_2/SiO_2负载棉织物,然后将其用于不同结构有机染料的光催化降解反应中,重点考察纳米SiO_2的添加量对其在不同pH值反应体系中的光催化降解性能以及重复利用性的影响。结果表明,纳米TiO_2/SiO_2负载棉织物对不同结构的有机染料具有显著的光催化降解性能,能够促进染料分子的共轭体系和芳香环结构的降解反应。纳米SiO_2的添加不仅有利于纳米TiO_2/SiO_2负载棉织物在碱性介质中光催化降解性能的提高,而且也能够改善其重复利用性。     

TiO2/硅灰复合材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,无水乙醇做溶剂,冰醋酸做抑制剂,盐酸做负催化剂,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了负载量不同的TiO2/硅灰复合纳米粒子。以甲基橙的降解为模型反应,评价了试样的光催化活性,并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试手段对其进行了性能表征。结果表明,以硅灰为载体,负载型二氧化钛催化剂较未负载二氧化钛催化剂有更高的光催化活性。     

Fe-F/TiO_2复合微球的制备与光降解部分水解聚丙烯酰胺机制

以Span-80为调控剂,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,采用低温水解-回流法制备了Fe-F共掺杂TiO_2介孔复合微球(Fe-F/TiO_2)。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR、TG-DTA、BJH和UV-vis DRS测试方法对样品进行了结构性能表征;以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)为目标降解物,研究了Fe-F/TiO_2复合催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,制得的Fe-F/TiO_2是由直径为10~15nm的纳米粒子堆砌而成的锐钛矿型介孔微球,其中Fe3+可以有效促进锐钛矿而抑制金红石相的生成,使其具有较高的热稳定性;比表面积、孔容积及平均孔径分别是145.11 m2/g、0.26cm3/g和6.23nm。在光降解HPAM的过程中,Fe3+和F-的协同效应可以提升材料的光催化性能,使FeF/TiO_2具有最高的催化活性。在紫外光及可见光条件下,0.1g的Fe-F/TiO_2降解100mL浓度为500mg/L的HPAM溶液120min,其COD去除率分别为81%和74%。     

Facile sonochemical synthesis of hierarchical porous CuO nanotablets

Hierarchical semiconductor CuO nanotablets with pores have been fabricated on a large scale by a facile and one-pot sonochemical process using the copper acetate and ammonia aqueous solution as precursor in the absence of surfactants or additives. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and N2 physisorption. The results reveal that porous tablet-shaped CuO nanostructures composed of nanoribbons possess a monoclinc phase CuO with the average diameters about 200 nm and around 50 nm in thickness. The Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and the single point adsorption total pore volume were measured to be 26.8 m2/g and 0.083 cm3/g, respectively. The band-gap energies were estimated to be 2.52 eV from a UV-vis absorption spectrum, which showed the quantum size effects of the nanosized semiconductors. A possible mechanism for porous CuO nanotablets was discussed.     

Atomic layer deposition of TiO(2) nanostructures for self-cleaning applications

Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) porous films and nanotube arrays were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates. The nanostructures were characterized by FESEM and XRD to investigate the structural and crystallographic characteristics. They were then evaluated as self-cleaning surfaces by comparing their photocatalytic activities and photoinduced hydrophilic property under 365?nm illumination. The?nanostructures showed photocatalytic activities and photoinduced hydrophilicity, with nanostructures showing enhanced photoactivity when compared to planar structures. Both photocatalytic and photoinduced hydrophilic properties were strongly affected by the dimension and morphology of the nanostructures. The prepared nanostructures could have potential application as self-cleaning surfaces.     

热处理工艺对多孔TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

以十八胺为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体上制备了多孔TiO2薄膜,研究了热处理工艺对薄膜理化性质及光催化性能的影响。随煅烧温度和煅烧时间的增加,TiO2薄膜表面逐渐形成清晰的孔结构,晶粒尺寸增大。薄膜由锐钛矿型TiO2组成,Ti以Ti 4+的形式存在。制备的TiO2薄膜厚度在200nm左右,薄膜的UV-Vis透射率随煅烧温度的升高呈下降趋势,随煅烧时间的延长先下降而后又上升。多孔TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲基橙结果表明,随煅烧温度升高薄膜的光催化活性增加,在500℃煅烧2h制备的薄膜具有最佳的光催化活性。     

Preparation of Fe3+-doped TiO2 catalysts by controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide and study on their photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation

Fe3+-doped TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) porous microspheres were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 with water generated "in situ" via an esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol, followed by hydrothermal treatment. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. All of the undoped TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 samples exclusively consist of primary anatase crystallites, which further form porous microspheres with diameters ranging from 150 to 500 nm. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-TiO2 catalysts was evaluated from the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution both under UV and visible light irradiation. Fe3+ doping effectively improves the photocatalytic activity under both UV light irradiation and visible light irradiation with an optimal doping concentration of 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanisms of Fe-TiO2 catalysts were tentatively discussed.     

Effects of substrate heating on the photovoltaic characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells during two-step Ti film deposition by RF magnetron sputtering

Nanoporous Ti metal film electrodes for use as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were deposited directly on the nanoporous TiO2 layer using the two-step RF magnetron sputtering technique. The Ti film electrode replaces the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. The effect of substrate heating during the deposition of the Ti film was studied to improve the porosity and columnar array of the film pores and the resulting cell efficiency. The porous Ti layer (-41 microm) with low sheet resistance (-1.7 omega/sq) was obtained by deposition at 250 degrees C. The porous Ti layer collects electrons from the TiO2 layer and allows the diffusion of I-/I3(-) through the holes. The DSSC efficiency (eta) using porous Ti layers with highly columnar structures was measured with the highest conversion efficiency of -5.77%; the other photovoltaic properties were ff: 0.76, V(oc): 0.72 V, and J(sc): 10.6 mA/cm2.     

Sonochemical synthesis and photocatalytic activity of meso- and macro-porous TiO(2) for oxidation of toluene

Meso-and macro-porous TiO(2) were synthesized by ultrasonic induced solvothermal method. Octadecylamine as a soft template was used to direct the formation of porous structure. The as-prepared porous TiO(2) was characterized by low angle and wide angle X-ray diffraction, N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms and BET surface area. The energy influence of ultrasound and heat and concentration of nitric acid for post extraction on formation of porous structure were investigated. The photocatalytic activities of TiO(2) were investigated by degrading toluene gas under UV light. The results revealed that proper energy facilitates the formation of porous structure and too low concentration of nitric acid cannot extract template from pores. The photocatalytic activities of TiO(2) with porous structure are higher than those of nonporous ones.     

Fabrication and characteristics of three-dimensional flower-like titanate nanostructures

A novel and facile approach has been developed to fabricate three-dimension (3D) flower-like titanate nanostructures from Ti powders. The synthesized flower-like titanate nanostructures were composed of many thin nanoribbons and have an ultrahigh specific surface area of 572.3 m2/g. After high temperature heat treatment, the flower-like titanate nanostructures were totally transformed into corresponding anatase TiO2 nanostructures without destroying their 3D hierarchical structural motif. The flower-like TiO2 nanostructures exhibited high photocatalytic activity for photodecomposition of methyl blue, and they could possibly be further used in photovoltaic cell, sensors, Li-ion batteries, and so on.     

Photocatalytic activity of La, Y Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonic assisted sol-gel method

Bare TiO2 (T), La-doped TiO2 (LT), Y-doped TiO2 (YT), La, Y co-doped TiO2 (LYT) were successfully prepared by facile ultrasonic assisted sol-gel synthesis using Ti(OC4H9)4 as the precursor. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The photocatalytic activities of anatase samples, with the average particle diameters ranging from 14 nm to 21 nm, were evaluated for photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). The XPS results indicated that Y atoms were incorporated into titania lattice, while La atoms existed on the crystal surface. Due to doping, the optical absorption edges of LT, YT, and LYT shifted to the visible light region by 21 nm, 29 nm and 35 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the doped samples, such as LT, YT and LYT, were much higher than that of bare TiO2 under UV-visible light irradiation. And the photoreactivity efficiency of the LYT was the highest. It indicated that a strong La-Y synergistic interaction appeared to play a decisive role in driving the excellent photocatalytic performance of titania.     

In Situ Synthesis of CuO and Cu Nanostructures with Promising Electrochemical and Wettability Properties

A strategy is presented for the in situ synthesis of single crystalline CuO nanorods and 3D CuO nanostructures, ultra‐long Cu nanowires and Cu nanoparticles at relatively low temperature onto various substrates (Si, SiO₂, ITO, FTO, porous nickel, carbon cotton, etc.) by one‐step thermal heating of copper foam in static air and inert gas, respectively. The density, particle sizes and morphologies of the synthesized nanostructures can be effectively controlled by simply tailoring the experimental parameters. A compressive stress based and subsequent structural rearrangements mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the nanostructures. The as‐prepared CuO nanostructures demonstrate promising electrochemical properties as the anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries and also reversible wettability. Moreover, this strategy can be used to conveniently integrate these nanostructures with other nanostructures (ZnO nanorods, Co₃O₄ nanowires and nanowalls, TiO₂ nanotubes, and Si nanowires) to achieve various hybrid hierarchical (CuO‐ZnO, CuO‐Co₃O₄, CuO‐TiO₂, CuO‐Si) nanocomposites with promising properties. This strategy has the potential to provide the nano society with a general way to achieve a variety of nanostructures.     

Green and facile synthesis of hierarchical cocoon shaped CuO hollow architectures

Hierarchical cocoon shaped CuO hollow nanostructures have been synthesized on a large scale by a facile green microwave-assisted aqueous process at reflux in the absence of templates and additives. The as-prepared products were investigated by FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, XRD and UV-vis absorption optical properties. The results reveal that cocoon shaped structures, that is ellipsoids, possess a monoclinc phase CuO with the long and short diameters of about 300 nm and 150-200 nm, respectively. The walls of hollow cocoons with around 50 nm in thickness are self-assembled by nanorods with diameters of 6-8 nm. A possible mechanism for the hollow CuO structures was proposed, in which CO₂ bubbles act as soft-template to aggregate the primary monomers. The band gap energies were estimated to be 2.03 eV, which showed the quantum size effect of the nanosized semiconductors.