加载方法对ADB610钢疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

在取样方向、几何尺寸、加工方式和加工精度相同的情况下,分别对板厚20 mm的ADB610钢进行了加载方式、加载载荷和应力比不同的成组多试样疲劳裂纹扩展试验,得到不同情况下的ADB610钢的疲劳裂纹扩展长度a与循环寿命N即a-N试验数据,且并将a-N试验数据与增K法和降K法结合进行试验分析。结果表明,当初始最大加载载荷相同时,两者lg(da/dN)-lg(ΔK)的起始位置相同,当初始最大加载载荷不同时,起始位置不相同。     

降K试验下ADB610钢的疲劳裂纹扩展性能

在厚度为20 mm的ADB610钢板上截取10个取样相同、试样尺寸相同、加工相同的CT试样,采用降K试验法进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,得到裂纹扩展长度a与裂纹扩展寿命N之间的关系。对每个试样的a-N试验结果,采用一次七点递增多项式拟合方法,运用MATLAB软件编程,分别计算出每个试样基于Paris公式的疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式。将10个试样Paris公式中的参数取平均值,得到均值裂纹扩展速率表达式,从而得到ADB610钢板采用降K试验时疲劳裂纹扩展性能的规律。     

橡胶夹层/复合材料粘接界面疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究

用 型加载下的双悬臂夹层梁试样 ,以应变能释放率为裂纹扩展参量 ,研究橡胶夹层 /复合材料粘接界面疲劳裂纹的扩展行为。结果表明 ,循环载荷下的裂纹扩展速率对试验频率、载荷比、温度及橡胶夹层厚度反映较敏感。     

橡胶夹层／复合材料粘接界面疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究

用Ⅰ型加载下的双悬臂夹层梁试样,以应变能释放率为裂纹扩展参量,研究橡胶夹层／复合材料粘接界面疲劳裂纹的扩展行为。结果表明,循环载荷下的裂纹扩展速率对试验频率、载荷比、温度及橡胶夹层厚度反映较敏感。     

45钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及其工程构件的寿命预测

在常温下对调质态和正火态45钢紧凑拉伸试样进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,并根据Paris公式确定了两种状态试样在稳定扩展阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展速率;分析了含缺陷的45钢工程构件的张开型(I型)裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,然后采用损伤容限设计原则,根据断裂力学试验结果计算了构件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,并进行了含缺陷45钢构件的动态弯曲疲劳试验,以验证理论推算的合理性。结果表明:正火态45钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率略大于调质态45钢的;采用损伤容限设计原则估算的含缺陷45钢构件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命为2.3×10~6次,与动态弯曲疲劳试验结果相吻合。     

低合金高强度钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率和扩展寿命的断口反推估算

通过对疲劳失效件的断口扫描电镜分析和二次复型电镜分析,对等幅载荷的疲劳试验零件的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及扩展寿命进行了估算。估算结果表明,从微观角度获得的数据与宏观分析结果符合得很好,从而认为在等幅载荷的情况下,把疲劳裂纹扩展条带对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行估算用于低合金超高强度钢是可行的。     

10Ni5CrMoV钢双轴弯曲应力下表面裂纹疲劳扩展特性研究

以10Ni5CrMoV钢为研究对象,在加载条件与构件使用环境相近条件下,在原板厚大尺寸试样表面引入人工缺口模拟实际构件中存在的类表面裂纹缺陷,采用双轴弯曲疲劳试验方法,开展原板厚大尺寸试样双轴弯曲应力下的表面裂纹疲劳扩展特性试验研究。结果表明,裂纹半长c和裂纹深度a都随循环次数N单调递增,且曲线a-N满足一定的线性关系。建立表面裂纹半长c与深度a之间的定量关系式预测模型,从而定量解决裂纹深度尺寸不好直接测量的难题。     

一种高低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式及其应用

在文献[1]的三点弯曲试样室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式的基础上,针对常用的紧凑拉伸试样,导出了高低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式上述高周公式与Paris公式等价,低周公式与Coffin-Manson方程相一致。测定循环J积分时,不必测定P-δ曲线,只需测定a-N曲线;同时,还进一步建立起低周疲劳参数与低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率参数之间的定量关系,从而可以由低周疲劳结果直接估计出低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的结果。     

非对称循环加载下燃气轮机叶片材料疲劳寿命预测

燃气轮机叶片在实际工作过程中,易受到非对称循环载荷作用而发生疲劳失效。为便于准确地预测非对称循环加载下叶片材料的裂纹萌生及扩展寿命,首先考虑平均应力效应和高应力区的塑性变形影响,对Chaboche模型进行改进,然后将改进的Chaboche模型和Walker裂纹扩展公式相结合,建立了一种非对称循环载荷作用下裂纹萌生及扩展综合寿命模型,并用试验数据进行验证分析。结果表明,该模型预测得到的裂纹萌生寿命、裂纹扩展寿命与试验数据基本吻合,验证了新模型的适用性和准确性,为燃气轮机叶片损伤分析和寿命预测奠定理论基础。     

超声疲劳试验方法对S06钢疲劳性能及裂纹萌生机制的影响

采用超声疲劳试验方法和试样尺寸相近的高频疲劳试验方法对S06钢进行疲劳性能试验,将试验数据和试样断口形貌进行对比,研究超声疲劳试验方法对S06钢疲劳性能和裂纹萌生机制的影响.结果表明:在相同的应力水平下,超声加载频率下S06钢的疲劳寿命高于高频疲劳试验测得的疲劳寿命;超声疲劳试验中裂纹全部从表面萌生,而高频疲劳试样裂纹有表面萌生和内部萌生两种机制.分析了超声加载频率对S06钢疲劳性能和裂纹萌生机制产生影响的原因:对疲劳性能的影响与金属材料的晶体结构和裂纹尖端的化学反应有关,对裂纹萌生机制的影响与试样表层残余应力松弛有关.     

Fatigue crack growth simulation of aluminium alloy under spectrum loadings

Fatigue crack growth in structure components, which is subjected to variable amplitude loading, is a very complex subject. Studying of fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life calculation under spectrum loading is vital in life prediction of engineering structures at higher reliability. The main aim of this paper is to address how to characterize the load sequence effects in fatigue crack propagation under variable amplitude loading. Thus, a fatigue life under various load spectra, which was predicted, based on the Austen, Forman and NASGRO models. The findings were then compared to the similar results using FASTRAN and AFGROW codes. These models are validated with the literature-based fatigue crack growth test data in 2024-T3 Aluminium alloys under various overload, underload, and spectrum loadings. With the consideration of the load cycle interactions, finally, the results show a good agreement in the behaviour with small differences in fatigue life compare to the test data.     

金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展曲线的拟合方法研究

提出了一种金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展曲线(a~N曲线)的拟合方法,即修正的双曲函数拟合方法。为检验这种曲线拟合方法的适用性,利用2024-T42铝合金CCT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据,对该铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展曲线进行了拟合分析,并给出了疲劳裂纹扩展速率和扩展寿命。通过疲劳裂纹扩展寿命计算结果和试验结果的对比分析,证明这种拟合方法具有较高的拟合精度。     

A modification of UniGrow 2‐parameter driving force model for short fatigue crack growth

In this paper, a modification of the UniGrow model is proposed to predict total fatigue life with the presence of a short fatigue crack by incorporating short crack propagation into the UniGrow crack growth model. The UniGrow model is modified by 2 different methods, namely the “short crack stress intensity correction method” and the “short crack data‐fitting method” to estimate the total fatigue life including both short and long fatigue crack propagations. Predicted fatigue lives obtained from these 2 methods were compared with experimental data sets of 2024‐T3, 7075‐T56 aluminium alloys, and Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy. Two proposed methods have shown good fatigue life predictions at relatively high maximum stresses; however, they provide conservative fatigue life predictions at lower stresses corresponding high cycle fatigue lives where short crack behaviour dominates total fatigue life at lower stress levels.     

Crack propagation rate and failure life in biaxial low cycle fatigue at elevated temperatures

This paper describes the crack propagation rate and the failure life in the biaxial low cycle fatigue test for a type 304 stainless steel at elevated temperatures. Macro crack propagation rates were observed for the tubular specimen in the push-pull and the reversed torsion tests. The crack propagation rate in both the tests was discussed in connection with the crack opening displacement in experiments and FEM analyses. The new equivalent stress derived from the FEM analysis was proposed so as to correlate the biaxial crack propagation rate. The equivalent stress well correlated not only the crack propagation rate but also the biaxial low cycle fatigue failure data.     

汽轮机转子10%Cr钢的高温低周疲劳特性

在分别控制应变和温度的条件下进行超超临界汽轮机转子10%Cr钢的高温低周疲劳实验,用SEM和TEM分析了10%Cr钢实验前后的表面形貌和亚晶粒结构。根据实验数据拟合应力-应变曲线、应力-寿命曲线和应变-寿命曲线,得到了反映材料高温低周疲劳特性的Ramberg-Osgood参数和Manson-Coffin参数。对比分析了低周疲劳实验初始和结束两个阶段的滞回曲线和应力-寿命曲线,并讨论了不同温度和不同应变幅控制的塑性应变。结果表明,在高温工况下10%Cr钢的塑性应变较为明显,随着应变幅的增大钢的疲劳寿命降低,随着循环周期的变化塑性应变速率经历了下降-过渡-上升三个阶段,曲线出现拐点。最大裂纹长度随循环周期呈非线性扩展,高温低周疲劳载荷使钢中的亚晶粒尺寸增大。     

低温环境下桥梁钢Q345qD疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

为了明确在寒冷地区服役桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,以16 mm厚桥梁钢Q345qD为研究对象,完成了室温和低温下的夏比冲击韧性试验、疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值试验。结果表明,夏比冲击功和试样断口剪切断面率随温度的降低而减少;在应力比0.1、0.2和0.5条件下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率均随温度降低而变缓,该桥梁钢的疲劳韧-脆转变温度点在-60℃以下;在室温~-60℃,其裂纹扩展速率均对应力比的变化不敏感;应力比0.1条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随温度的降低有略微增大的趋势。该批次桥梁钢表现出了良好的抵抗低温疲劳裂纹扩展性能,防止低温脆性破坏成为疲劳设计的重点;试验数据能为钢结构桥梁的进一步抗低温疲劳和防低温冷脆断裂设计提供参考。     

Effect of LCF on HCF crack growth of Ti-17

An improved understanding of fatigue crack growth phenomena applicable to titanium engine disks was developed through complimentary experimental and analytical investigations of Ti-17. The effect of low cycle fatigue (LCF) on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) threshold and rate of crack propagation was studied. A simplified variable-amplitude spectrum, consisting of high-R cycles, corresponding to HCF loading, and periodic R=0.1 cycles, corresponding to LCF loading, was used to demonstrate a load-interaction effect. When the ratio of HCF to LCF cycles was 100 or more the fatigue crack growth lifetimes were significantly lower than predicted using linear damage summation methods assuming no load-interaction effect. Thus, it was concluded that the LCF cycle accelerated the fatigue crack growth rate of subsequent HCF cycles, even when closure was concluded to be negligible. A phenomenological model was formulated based on hypothesized changes in the propagation resistance, K_PR, and fit to the test data. The model confirmed that the periodic LCF cycles increased fatigue crack growth rates of subsequent HCF cycles.     

EFFECT OF NON-PROPORTIONAL OVERLOADING ON FATIGUE LIFE

Abstract— The effect of non-proportional overloading on both low cycle and high cycle fatigue life has been studied. Low cycle multiaxial fatigue tests were performed on EN 15R (a low alloy steel) using sequential loading blocks which comprised uniaxial "ordinary" cycles and torsion "overload" cycles, and vice versa. In high cycle fatigue, the behaviour of mode I crack growth in a medium carbon steel subjected to mixed (I and II) mode overloading was examined.
Under tension-torsion sequential overloading, crack growth behaviour shows an earlier transition from Stage I to Stage II with a pronounced reduction in accumulated fatigue life. Tensile overloading on torsion cycles was found to be more damaging compared to torsion overloading on repeated tensile cycles. The crack-load interaction in sequential overloading and its influence on crack growth and fatigue life is discussed. In low strain fatigue, Stage II crack growth retardation closely relates to the overload plastic zone size, crack tip blunting and crack surface shielding. Mixed mode overloading is shown to have a significant effect only if the mode I component of overloading is large enough to keep the crack open. Under both low cycle and high cycle fatigue conditions non-proportional overloading is shown to be more damaging than proportional overloading.     

桥梁高性能钢HPS485W疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

以国产桥梁用高性能钢HPS485W为研究对象,对7.5mm、12.5mm和19.5mm的HPS485W紧凑拉伸试样分别在应力比R=0.1、R=0.5和R=0.8的疲劳荷载下进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)试验,采用七点递增多项式的方法进行局部拟合求得试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。与传统桥梁用钢14MnNb相比,该文试验测得高性能钢HPS485W具有更优越的忍受疲劳裂纹扩展能力。试验结果表明：试样厚度是影响疲劳裂纹扩展速率的关键因素;对同一厚度的试样,疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着应力比R的增大而增大。此外,对19.5mm试样在荷载比R=0.1的情况下,进行工程门槛值的试验测定和理论门槛值的数值求解,分析求得19.5mm的HPS485W的理论门槛值为7.22MPa·m^1/2。该文试验得到的HPS485W疲劳裂纹扩展曲线,可用于高性能钢桥的抗疲劳、防断裂设计与寿命预测。