介孔炭材料及介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附

介孔炭材料与活性炭相比具有较大的孔体积和孔径,高的比表面积以及规则的孔道结构,而介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料兼顾了活性炭与介孔材料的优点,因此在吸附大分子有机污染物方面有很好的应用前景。笔者综述了近年来介孔炭,负载/修饰后的介孔炭,介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料的制备和最新研究进展。在制备方面,根据其制备机理的不同可分为硬模板法和软模板法,制备出有序的介孔炭与介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料。在应用方面,重点介绍了介孔炭材料和介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附性能。进而对介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料在吸附方面的应用进行了展望。     

介孔碳的合成及其在吸附中的应用研究进展

阐述了有序介孔碳材料的合成方法及各自的特点,总结了有序介孔碳在生物大分子、重金属离子和合成有机污染物吸附领域的应用情况,并展望了有序介孔碳材料在合成方法、表面改性及其在吸附应用方面的发展趋势.     

介孔材料分形表征的研究进展

分形是材料表征中一种新兴的方法。本文介绍了介孔材料的基本特性和表征方法;阐述了分形理论的发展、分形维数的计算测定与分形在介孔材料表征中的应用,分析了介孔材料的分形模型,指出分形在介孔材料表征中的发展前景。     

模板法制备TiO2介孔材料的研究进展

TiO2介孔材料在催化、吸附及分离等领域具有十分重要的应用,是当今介孔材料研究的热点之一。本文综述了介孔材料的分类,概述了模板法制备TiO2介孔材料的机理及不同类型的模板剂在TiO2介孔材料制备中的应用,指出了模板剂脱除过程中存在的问题,并对介孔材料的研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

微波加热在有序介孔材料研究中的进展

利用微波进行化学合成是近年发展起来的一种简单、快捷、高效的合成方法.综述了微波在有序介孔材料合成、模板剂脱除和在介孔材料负载活性组分中的应用,介绍了一些典型的有序介孔材料的微波合成新进展,指出了该方法在有序介孔材料合成中的优势及发展前景.     

介孔组装纳米颗粒

利用介孔材料的纳米孔道组装纳米颗粒可获得单分散性的功能材料.本文中介绍了介孔材料的基本特性和水热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微波法等合成技术,作者率先开发了从硅酸盐矿物通过机械活化浸出来合成微介孔材料的新方法.阐述介孔材料组装精细单质、硫化物、氧化物和复合纳米颗粒的相关技术和功能化特性,分析纳米颗粒的介孔组装机理,总结了分形在介孔材料组装体系表征中的应用,并展望介孔组装纳米颗粒的发展前景.     

介孔材料可控合成及在核工业中的应用研究进展

介绍了介孔材料可控合成方法及研究进展,综述了介孔材料在核工业中的应用,如用于放射性核素的吸附、分离和废物固化等,并对介孔材料控制合成和应用前景进行了展望。提出应对介孔材料进行孔道结构及形貌控制合成、修饰或功能化研究,制备具有短孔道特殊形貌的介孔材料,提高其吸附性能和选择性;寻求更经济可行的合成路线,降低介孔材料的生产成本,逐步实现产业化;深入研究可控合成机理及介孔材料对放射性核素的吸附机理。     

介孔材料在燃料电池催化剂载体中的应用

催化剂是决定燃料电池性能、寿命、成本的关键因素之一,近年来介孔材料因其高的比表面积、独特的孔结构及良好的热稳定性,在燃料电池催化剂载体中应用广泛.简要介绍了介孔材料的合成方法,包括溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和模板合成法等.论述了近年来介孔材料在燃料电池载体中的研究进展,展望了介孔材料的发展趋势.     

复合模板法制备非硅基介孔材料的研究进展

综述了利用阴离子、阳离子、非离子表面活性剂及非表面活性剂复合模板制备氧化钛、氧化铝及掺杂介孔材料等非硅基介孔材料的研究进展,探讨了复合模板在无机-有机协同自组装过程中的作用,并展望了未来复合模板在介孔及介孔复合材料制备、性能研究中的前景.     

新型有序介孔材料在药物传递系统中的应用

根据近10年来有序介孔材料用于药物传递系统的研究报道,综述了几种新型介孔材料的合成方法,讨论分析了药物传递系统中孔径、孔道长度、形貌和功能基团修饰等影响因素,着重阐述和评价了影响有序介孔材料结构特征的合成工艺条件,以及这些有序介孔材料潜在的药学应用价值和急需解决的问题,旨在为新型有序介孔材料在药物传递系统中的应用提供参考.     

介孔材料的制备、表征、组装及其应用

介孔材料因具有一系列独特性质而成为近年来材料研究的热点.对介孔材料的制备技术进行了简要介绍并分析了其影响因素,概括了常用的表征方法,进一步系统阐述了介孔材料的组装及应用,并展望了介孔材料研究的发展前景.     

介孔硅酸锰镁可充镁电池正极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用介孔二氧化硅MCM-41作模板和硅源, 合成了具有介孔结构的可充镁电池正极材料硅酸锰镁. 分别用XRD、SEM、TEM和氮气吸脱附测试研究了合成材料的介孔结构, 并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电测试比较了介孔与无孔硅酸锰镁材料的电化学性能. 由于介孔材料活性表面较大, 可增加电解液与活性材料的接触, 使材料具有较多的电化学反应位. 因而, 与相应的无孔材料相比, 具有介孔结构的硅酸锰镁材料呈现出较低的充放电极化、较大的放电容量和较高的放电电压平台. 在0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl₂EtBu)₂/THF 电解液中, 0.2 C(约62.8 mA/g)充放电速率下, 介孔硅酸锰镁材料首次放电容量可达到241.8 mAh/g, 放电平台为1.65 V ( vs Mg/Mg²⁺). 设计具有介孔结构的材料为提高可充镁电池正极的电化学性能提供了一条有效的途径.     

New families of mesoporous materials

Abstract

Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptidehybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses.     

New families of mesoporous materials

Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptide-hybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses.     

笼型有序二氧化硅介孔材料的制备

通过锻烧法除去结构导向剂制备笼型有序介孔二氧化硅,采用SEM、TEM／HRTEM等表征手段对各种材料进行了表征,说明水热晶化温度对材料的介观形貌影响起决定性作用,而水热晶化温度在150℃时所得介孔材料Si-150结构规则排列的笼型介孔孔道是一种理想的纳米反应环境。用透射电镜的表征手段证明了该种材料为三维笼型结构。     

Facile preparation of mesoporous titanium nitride microspheres for electrochemical energy storage

In this study, mesoporous TiN spheres with tunable diameter have been fabricated via a facile template-free strategy. Under ammonia atmosphere, mesoporous TiO? spheres are directly converted into mesoporous TiN spheres with the addition of cyanamide to retain the original morphology. The electrochemical performance of the resultant mesoporous TiN spheres demonstrates that this material can be a promising electrode material for nonaqueous supercapacitors with high energy densities.     

纳米级介孔复合体的制备及其抗菌性能评价

介孔复合体是目前纳米材料研究领域的前沿和热点 ,本文采用纳米级介孔材料(SiO2 、Al2 O3 )为载体 ,利用浸渍法 ,将金属阳离子Ag 、Cu2 、Zn2 组装到介孔材料中 ,制成无机抗菌材料 ,并对抑菌性能进行了评价。同时 ,作为对比用同样方法制备了以微米级的活性SiO2 为载体的介孔复合体 ,并对其抗菌性能进行评价。结果发现纳米级介孔复合体的抗菌性能优于微米介孔复合体     

不同模板剂对介孔氧化铝孔径调节作用

以醇铝为原料,利用三种不同类型的模板剂对氧化铝的孔径进行调节,对各种模板剂的作用机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明：不同模板剂获得的介孔氧化铝的孔道结构基本一致,均为蠕虫状结构,模板剂的不同对介孔氧化铝孔径的影响较大,未加模板剂直接由溶胶-凝胶法获得的介孔氧化铝孔径分布较窄,孔径偏小;加入离子型模板剂能够形成孔径分布窄、孔径增大的介孔材料;加入非离子型模板剂则形成孔径更大,但孔径分布较宽的介孔氧化铝.     

介孔二氧化硅纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了近年来介孔二氧化硅复合材料的研究趋势与发展方向。介孔二氧化硅材料作为研究时间最长、技术最成熟的介孔材料,对整个介观材料的理论和材料设计具有重要意义。阐述了介孔二氧化硅材料的主要合成方法及其原理,着重从材料复合方式以及相应材料的特点、相关应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,探讨了现有的问题,并且对未来介孔材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Tubular structured hierarchical mesoporous titania material derived from natural cellulosic substances and application as photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue

Bio-inspired, tubular structured hierarchical mesoporous titania material was designed and fabricated employing natural cellulosic substance (cotton) as hard template and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant as soft template by one-pot sol–gel method. The tubular structured hierarchical mesoporous titania material processes large specific surface area (40.23 m²/g) and shows high photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation.