熔融法氨纶的原料性能和投资分析

对熔融纺丝法和干法生产氨纶的优缺点进行了比较 ;重点介绍了熔纺氨纶的原料热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU)及其产品的性能指标 ;并对熔纺氨纶的设备投资进行了探讨 ,认为熔纺氨纶具有价格优势 ,发展将加快     

聚乳酸电纺纤维膜的油水分离性能

采用静电纺丝法,制备了聚乳酸(PLA)电纺纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪等表征了PLA电纺纤维膜的纤维结构和水接触角,并研究了其油水分离性能。结果表明PLA可纺性好,电纺纤维膜为由光滑的微纤维组成的三维多孔网络结构,纤维直径1～2μm,纤维膜孔径为3～10μm且分布较均匀。PLA电纺纤维膜的水接触角可达136°以上,具有良好的疏水性。PLA电纺纤维膜对油水混合物的分离效率可达98.3%以上,最大分离通量约15 000 L·m^-2·h^-1。     

电纺法制备纳米纤维及其应用研究

静电纺丝(电纺)技术是一种制备直径为数10 nm到数μm纳米纤维的有效方法,介绍了电纺的工作机理,对电纺条件影响纤维形态和纳米纤维应用进行了综述。最后对纳米纤维应用发展方向进行了展望。     

电纺纳米纤维的研究及应用

静电纺丝(电纺)技术是一种制备直径为数10 nm到数100nm纳米纤维的有效方法.本文介绍了静电纺丝中原料聚合物的类型、纺丝条件和纺丝技术等方面的研究成果,电纺纳米纤维和产品的特性及其应用.     

聚乳酸电纺及其在生物医学领域的应用进展

聚乳酸作为可降解的绿色生物材料,在组织工程支架、药物控释系统等领域得到了广泛的应用.静电纺丝技术制备的聚乳酸膜具有孔隙率高、比表面积大等特点.对聚乳酸电纺过程相关的影响参数、共混电纺及PLA电纺纤维材料在生物学领域的应用及发展前景进行系统的阐述.     

PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的制备与吸水性、保水性研究

采用水热工艺和电纺方法制备了PVA／MC纳米纤维膜;对PVA／MC混和溶液的粘度、PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的结构、吸水性能和保水性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着MC含量的增加,PVA／MC混和溶液的粘度逐渐增大;FESEM表明,本身不能电纺的MC在与PVA混和则可以电纺制得PVA／MC纳米纤维膜,但随着MC含量的增加,混和溶液的粘度会逐渐增大而无法电纺;在不改变电压的情况下增大电纺的接受距离,所得PVA／MC纤维膜连续、直径均匀、表面光滑平整;吸水性能和保水性能研究表明,随着MC含量的增加,PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的吸水速率和保水性能逐渐提高。     

对称共轭电纺法制备连续纳米纤维

利用一对带有异种电荷的对称共轭喷丝头,通过静电纺丝法制备了几种聚合物的连续排列有序的微/纳米纤维,并与常规静电纺丝方法制备的纳米纤维进行了比较。结果发现:利用对称共轭电纺法制备的纤维的直径比常规电纺法制备的要大2～3倍,而且纤维具有良好的排列有序性;而用常规方法制备的纳米纤维则是无规排列的。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)被用来表征制备的微/纳米纤维和纳米纤维膜。     

气流辅助聚合物熔体微分电纺流道优化设计

为进一步降低熔体微分电纺的纤维直径,使其达到纳米尺度,在现有直线狭缝电纺喷头的基础上设计了可以使高速气流汇聚的“V”形风道,通过高速气流对熔体微分射流进行二次牵伸细化。采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,以射流间距和喷头端电场强度为指标,研究了“V”形风道结构、材质对电纺微分射流的影响。研究结果表明,风道结构会不可避免地削弱喷头端的电场强度、降低射流的效率。增加风刀与喷头尖端的头端凸出量以及采用不导电的聚醚醚酮作为风刀材质都可以有效地降低风刀对射流效率的影响,而风道的宽度对喷头端电场强度影响不大。在优化的风刀结构和材质的基础上,成功制备了平均直径为825 nm的熔体电纺超细纤维。研究证实在气流辅助牵伸的作用下,直线狭缝电纺能够实现熔体电纺超细纤维的批量制备。     

超疏水塑料薄膜研制成功

中科院化学所有机固体院重点实验室江雷研究员在功能纳米界面材料研究领域日前取得新进展。该课题组以廉价的聚苯乙烯为原料，采用一种简单的电纺技术，制备出具有新颖结构的超疏水薄膜，这标志着我国在低成本、大规模制备具有特殊浸润性的功能界面材料方面又迈出了重要的一步。     

熔纺氨纶结构和性能的研究

采用红外光谱和热分析方法研究熔纺氨纶的结构特点,分析分子结构对性能的影响。干纺氨纶存在较强脲基伸缩振动峰,表明分子结构中存在脲基;熔纺氨纶的N—H、C—H吸收峰相比TPU切片位置向高波数方向移动,且吸收较强,表明熔纺氨纶中氢键作用减弱,微相分离程度变大;熔纺氨纶的各项耐温性能及热分解温度相比TPU切片都有提高,说明通过熔融交联反应,改善了熔纺氨纶的热稳定性。     

Study on performance characteristics of fused deposition modeling 3D-printed composites by blending and lamination

Component contacting degree in a composite material is an important reference for evaluation the performance characteristics. In this article, two composite material systems involving polylactic acid (PLA) with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and PLA with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by blending and laminating through fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. The mechanical and thermal properties of the as-prepared composite materials were examined. The results indicated that PLA and TPU played a dominant role in tensile strength and breaking elongation, respectively, in individual composite material. ABS and TPU changed the glass transition peek, crystallinity, and modulus of PLA. The results also suggested that although the processing design of the blending method was more suitable for the contact between two components, but the mechanical properties of laminated composites were closer to theoretical predictions. The structural design and processing technology provide a comparative method and reference basis for studying the performance characteristics of composite materials.     

Functionally modified,melt‐electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane mats for wound‐dressing applications

The electrospinning of a polymer melt is an interesting process for medical applications because it eliminates the cytotoxic effects of solvents in the electrospinning solution. Wound dressings made from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), particularly as a porous structured electrospun membrane, are currently the focus of scientific and commercial interest. In this study, we developed a functionalized fibrillar structure as a novel antibacterial wound‐dressing material with the melt‐electrospinning of TPU. The surface of the fibers was modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and silver nanoparticles (nAg's) to improve their wettability and antimicrobial properties. TPU was processed into a porous, fibrous network of beadless fibers in the micrometer range (4.89 ± 0.94 μm). The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the successful incorporation of nAg's onto the surface of the fiber structure. An antibacterial test indicated that the PEG‐modified nAg‐loaded TPU melt‐electrospun structure had excellent antibacterial effects against both a Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strain and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli compared to unmodified and PEG‐modified TPU fiber mats. Moreover, modification with nAg's and PEG increased the water‐absorption ability in comparison to unmodified TPU. The cell viability and proliferation on the unmodified and modified TPU fiber mats were investigated with a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). The results demonstrate that the PEG‐modified nAg‐loaded TPU mats had no cytotoxic effect on the fibroblast cells. Therefore, the melt‐electrospun TPU fiber mats modified with PEG and nAg have the potential to be used as antibacterial, humidity‐managing wound dressings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40132.     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/氢氧化铝纳米复合材料的热性能分析

以TPU为基体,纳米氢氧化铝(ATH)作为主要改性剂,采用溶液-凝胶法制备ATH/聚醚分散体系,原位聚合法制备TPU/ATH纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的热性能进行分析。DSC分析表明,纳米ATH的添加没有改变TPU微相分离结构,但使TPU软段的玻璃化温度和硬段的分解温度有所提高,说明纳米ATH既存在于聚氨酯大分子软段区又存在于硬段区;TGA-DTA分析表明,纳米ATH改性后的TPU耐热性有所提高,分解温程拓宽约20℃。     

SBS/TPU/EVA共混体系三相共连续形态的设计与制备

利用铺展系数法对苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)三元共混体系的热力学稳定相形态进行预测,以SBS、TPU和EVA为原料,通过转矩流变仪制备了基于三元共连续结构的SBS/TPU/EVA共混材料。研究了各相组分比及加工工艺对三元共混物热力学稳定相形态的影响。结果表明,在转矩加工过程中,TPU倾向于迁移分布在SBS/EVA两相界面处;两组分间的界面张力是否相互匹配是三元共连续结构形成的前提条件;存在最优的组分体积分数比范围,在该范围内得到的三元共连续结构较为完善。     

Reversible photochromic nanofibrous membranes with excellent water/windproof and breathable performance

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with outstanding photochromic property, waterproof, and breathability have attracted considerable interest owing to their multifunctional applications in intelligent clothing, self‐cleaning, and protection. However, great challenges still remain in creating such functional materials. A novel waterproof–breathable membrane with robust photochromic property is fabricated by introducing photochromic microcapsule (PM) into electrospun thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) membranes. Compared with the pristine TPU NFMs, the composite TPU/PM membranes are endowed with reversible photochromic properties. In addition, the composite membranes not only exhibited a water contact angle of 137° and a milk contact angle of 130°, but also had integrated properties of modest water vapor transmittance rate of 19,278 g m^?2 day^?1, high air permeability of 962 mm s^?1, low waterproofness of 2.813 kPa, and comparable tensile strength of 12.08 MPa. Furthermore, the convenience and efficiency of this fabrication process will allow for large‐scale production of the multifunctional NFMs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46342.     

TPU/PTW/GF复合材料力学性能的研究

以乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(PTW)为相容剂,采用平行同向双螺杆挤出机共混挤出制备了无碱玻璃纤维(GF)增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料。研究了PTW对GF增强聚酯型TPU和聚醚型TPU复合材料力学性能的影响及其微观形貌特征。结果表明:PTW是GF和TPU的有效相容剂;添加6%PTW的增强TPU复合材料的各项性能较佳;GF含量在20%⁴0%之间时增强效果最为明显;PTW与聚酯型TPU的相容性好于聚醚型TPU;电镜照片显示,复合材料中的GF与基体树脂具有较强的界面作用。     

Thermal stability,surface wettability and mechanical behavior of highly ordered ZnO-doped thermoplastic polyurethane films with hierarchically porous structures

In this paper, the effect of ZnO nanoparticle on thermal, microstructure, mechanical behavior, superhydrophobicity of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ZnO/TPU composite materials with doped-ZnO nanoparticles were obtained via a solution blending method. The results show that the melting temperature region in soft segments of ZnO/TPU composite materials was the transition temperature region. The added ZnO slightly enhances the crystalline slipped of ZnO/TPU composite materials, and effectively hinder the transfer of high temperature small gas molecules. Due to the added ZnO nanoparticles, the microphase separation and ordered structures in TPU are reduced. In TPU, and between TPU and ZnO nanoparticles, there are variations in electron density at hard phase and soft phase interfaces. The good ZnO/TPU composites exhibit high water repellence with water contact angle of ~157°. The prepared ZnO/TPU nanocomposites show mechanical properties that are superior to those of pristine TPU. Tensile strength and storage modulus increase by 47.1% and 39.8% at ZnO loading values of 10 wt%. The results indicate that thermal behavior, microstructure, superhydrophobicity and the mechanical behavior of TPU composite materials can be enhanced by the doped ZnO.     

High-Temperature Bearable Polysulfonamide/Polyurethane Composite Nanofibers’ Membranes for Filtration Application

Polysulfonamide (PSA)-based membranes are widely used for high-temperature filtration. PSA/polyurethane (TPU) composite membranes that can withstand a temperature exceeding 200 °C are fabricated by an electrospinning method. The effects of PSA/TPU mass ratio on the morphology and properties of the prepared composite membranes are investigated to obtain nanofibers with different diameters. These composite membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical and filtration properties of membranes are also investigated. The maximum stress and elongation at break of PSA/TPU nanofibers’ membranes reach 13.66 ±1.43 MPa and 75.01 ± 3.78%, respectively, when the PSA/TPU mass ratio is 3:7. Moreover, filtration results show high filtration efficiency (>99%) and low pressure drop for diethyl-hexyl-sebacat (DEHS) and sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles at 4 m³ h⁻¹ airflow velocity. Therefore, PSA/TPU composite membranes are a promising candidate for high-temperature filtration applications.     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/氢氧化铝纳米复合材料制备与性能

本研究以TPU为基体,纳米ATH作为主要改性剂,采用溶液-凝胶法制备ATH/聚醚分散体系,原位聚合法制备TPU/ATH纳米复合材料。研究结果表明：纳米粒子的添加量对预聚物的粘度及后续实验过程影响较大,因此纳米粒子的添加量不宜过高,实验选用的最大添加量为5%（质量分数）;纳米ATH的添加可使TPU的力学性能有明显的提高,在ATH质量分数为4%时,拉伸强度增幅为60%,而断裂伸长率随着纳米ATH添加量的增加,存在极大值现象,在ATH质量分数为3%时,断裂伸长率达到最大值645%。     

Solution blowing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers: A facile method to produce flexible porous materials

Solution blowing (SB) is a promising and scalable approach for the production of nanofibers. Air pressure, solution flow‐rate, and nozzle‐collector distance were determined as effective process parameters, while solution concentration was also reported as a material parameter. Here we performed a parametric study on thermoplastic polyurethane/dimethyl formamide (TPU/DMF) solutions to examine the effect of such parameters on the resultant properties such as fiber diameter, diameter distribution, porosity, and air permeability of the nanofibrous webs. The obtained solution blown thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers had average diameter down to 170 ± 112 nm, which is similar to that observed in electrospinning. However, the production rate per nozzle can be 20 times larger, which is primarily dependent on air pressure and solution flow rate (20 mL/h). Moreover, it was even possible to produce nanofibers polymer concentrations of 20%; however, this increased the average nanofiber diameter. The fibers produced from the TPU/DMF solutions at concentrations of 20% and 10% had average diameters of 671 ± 136 nm and 170 ± 112 nm, respectively. SB can potentially be used for the industrial‐scale production of products such as nanofibrous filters, protective textiles, scaffolds, wound dressings, and battery components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43025.