D301大孔吸附树脂吸附甘氨酸

通过静态吸附法研究了树脂D301对水溶液中甘氨酸的吸附行为。采用单因素实验法确定了最佳吸附条件为pH 7.5,温度35℃,时间45 min,吸附剂用量为0.1 g,在此条件下最大平衡吸附量可达794.81 mg·g^-1。同时探究了D301对甘氨酸溶液吸附的热力学行为,测得了303.15～318.15 K温度范围内的吸附等温线数据,用Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin方程对此进行拟合,并根据热力学原理计算得到吸附过程中ΔH^θ、ΔG^θ、ΔS^θ值和吸附表观活化能。结果表明等温吸附平衡符合Langmuir等温线模型,其ΔH^θ 134.75 kJ·mol^-1,ΔG^θ-6.312 kJ·mol^-1, ΔS^θ 450.806 J·mol^-1·K^-1,E_a为81.27 kJ·mol^-1。研究结果表明D301对甘氨酸的吸附为化学吸附和物理吸附共存且为自发进行的吸热过程。     

Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛吸附喹啉的性能

在碱性条件下,采用水热晶化法,以偏硅酸钠为硅源,铝酸钠为铝源,CTAB为结构模板剂,成功合成出了含铝介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41。采用XRD、BET等手段对合成的Al-MCM-41进行表征,对柴油中的氮化物喹啉进行了吸附实验,考察了Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛对氮化物喹啉的吸附能力,探究了硅铝比为60的Al-MCM-41分子筛对喹啉溶液吸附的热力学和动力学行为,测得353.15～393.15 K 温度范围内的吸附等温线数据,用Langmuir、Freundlich方程对此进行拟合,并根据热力学原理计算得到吸附过程中的ΔH、ΔG、ΔS值和吸附表观活化能。结果表明, 硅铝比为60的Al-MCM-41具有较大的孔容、比表面积和较窄的孔径分布,结晶度和有序性高。等温吸附平衡符合Freundlich 等温线模型,其ΔH -0.7682 kJ·mol^-1,ΔG -28.1215 kJ·mol^-1, ΔS 73.2434 J·mol^-1·K^-1,吸附动力学符合Pseudo拟二级方程,E_a为2.8575 kJ·mol^-1。     

Au(Ⅲ)离子在黑曲霉菌上的吸附热力学和动力学特性

以黑曲霉菌作为生物吸附剂,研究其对Au(Ⅲ)离子的吸附特性,考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度和初始Au(Ⅲ)离子浓度等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,Au(Ⅲ)离子在黑曲霉菌上的吸附过程对溶液pH值具有一定的依赖性,最佳pH值为2.0～3.0。升温能明显加快吸附进程,20℃下吸附过程分为2个阶段进行,分别对应于Au(Ⅲ)离子还原前和还原后的吸附,24 h后吸附趋于平衡,而30、40、60℃下吸附过程均无明显分段现象,并分别于12、6、1 h后趋于吸附平衡。Au(Ⅲ)离子初始浓度<233.32 mg·L^-1时,吸附量几乎不随温度的变化而变化,初始浓度>367.94 mg·L^-1时,升温明显促进了吸附的进行。Au(Ⅲ)离子在黑曲霉菌上的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程很好地模拟,20、30、40、50℃时其饱和吸附量分别为185.19、202.02、235.85、277.78 mg·g^-1。热力学参数Gibbs自由能变(ΔG⁰)、吸附焓变(ΔH⁰)和吸附熵变(ΔS⁰)的计算结果表明,Au(Ⅲ)离子在黑曲霉菌上的吸附过程是一个自发的吸热和熵增过程。吸附动力学可用准二级速率方程描述,吸附活化能为55.71 kJ·mol^-1。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析的结果进一步揭示了菌体表面的酰氨基、羧基和羟基是参与吸附的主要功能基团。     

磷钨酸铵复合材料对铷铯吸附性能的研究

针对卤水中铷、铯富集困难的问题,以磷钨酸铵为原料,通过与焦磷酸钛复合制备了一种新型吸附材料——磷钨酸铵-焦磷酸钛复合材料,用于吸附铷、铯离子。研究了复合材料对铷、铯离子的吸附过程热力学、动力学性能。动力学和热力学研究发现,准二级动力学方程和Freundlich吸附等温方程能较好地拟合吸附过程,相关性良好;热力学研究发现,ΔG ⁰、ΔH ⁰、ΔS ⁰均小于零,铷、铯在复合吸附剂上的吸附是自发进行的,复合吸附剂吸附铷、铯均为放热反应,升高温度不利于吸附的进行,吸附过程中固液界面的混乱度减小,是熵减过程。     

高温焙烧改性混凝污泥对氨氮的吸附特性

采用高温焙烧改性混凝污泥,通过SEM、XRD对改性前后的污泥进行了表征。本研究探讨改性污泥对水溶液中氨氮的吸附动力学、吸附热力学和吸附特性。结果表明:改性污泥对氨氮吸附符合Freundlich 吸附等温式;分别采用拟一级反应、拟二级反应和颗粒内扩散反应模型对吸附动力学过程进行了拟合,实验数据遵循拟二级动力学反应模型;并计算吸附热力学参数,在30、40和50℃下,对应的Gibbs自由能(ΔG⁰)分別为-1.915、-1.744和-1.719 kJ ·mol^-1,显示该反应属自发性进行;焓变(ΔH⁰)<0,证实该反应为放热反应;熵变(ΔS⁰)<0,说明该吸附反应是熵值减小的过程;黏附概率S^*=0.0812介于0～1范围内,表明该吸附过程主要为物理吸附。     

萘磺酸盐分散剂在不同晶型吡唑醚菌酯颗粒表面吸附性能

通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、紫外光谱（UV）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试,研究了萘磺酸盐分散剂在两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯颗粒表面的吸附性能。两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯吸附萘磺酸盐分散剂后,晶型未发生改变;两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,晶型Ⅱ E_a＝16.04 kJ·mol^-1,晶型Ⅳ E_a＝12.42 kJ·mol^-1,均为物理吸附;吡唑醚菌酯晶型Ⅱ、晶型Ⅳ吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,晶型Ⅱ的吸附焓变H_ad为20.64 kJ·mol^-1,吸附过程为吸热过程,温度升高有利于萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（D425）在晶型Ⅱ颗粒表面的吸附;晶型Ⅳ的吸附焓变H_ad为-15.26 kJ·mol^-1,吸附过程为放热过程,温度升高不利于D425在晶型Ⅳ颗粒表面的吸附。     

Ag+改性羟基磷灰石制备及其除氟抑菌特性研究

利用原位共沉淀法制备Ag⁺改性羟基磷灰石(Ag-HAP)吸附剂,考察Ag⁺/Ca²⁺摩尔比对Ag-HAP吸附剂除氟抑菌效果的影响。红外光谱和X-射线粉末衍射实验表明Ag⁺置换Ca²⁺进入HAP晶格中,形成了Ag⁺-Ca²⁺新晶格。利用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程对实验数据进行拟合,对比相关系数R²值,Langmuir模型能更好地描述该吸附过程,且Ag-HAP吸附剂对氟离子的吸附更趋于单分子层吸附。计算了吸附热力学和动力学参数值,探讨了Ag-HAP吸附剂对氟离子的吸附机理。ΔG⁰＜0、H⁰＞0和ΔS⁰＞0,说明Ag-HAP吸附剂对氟离子的吸附是自发的、吸热的熵增过程,温度升高有利于吸附。吸附活化能E_a=12.645 kJ/mol,迁移能E=7.331 kJ/mol说明该吸附过程以物理吸附为主。Ag-HAP吸附剂对氟离子的吸附符合拟二级反应动力学方程。利用龙头式净水器模拟Ag-HAP吸附剂除氟抑菌的动态吸附过程,抑菌实验表明Ag-HAP吸附剂的加入大大提高了饮用水的抑菌性能。     

Al-Mn氧化物对废水中氟的去除

采用共沉淀法制备Al-Mn氧化物吸附剂,并用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Zeta电位仪对产物进行表征,考察了吸附剂用量、温度、pH和共存离子(Cl^-、CO₃^2-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和H₂PO₄^-)对吸附剂去除水中氟的影响。结果表明：相对于其他条件,吸附剂在初始溶液p H=3～11,F-初始质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1且吸附剂含量为1.5 g·L^-1时,去除效果最佳;吸附平衡时间为2 h;吸附动力学满足准二级动力学模型(P<0.0001);热力学满足Langmuir和Freundlich模型;通过计算得吸附剂对F-最大吸附量为37.7 mg·g^-1(pH=7)和56.1 mg·g^-1(pH=3);共存离子对吸附剂去除F-的影响次序为CO_...     

离子交换树脂对D-甘油酸的吸附热力学和动力学

D-甘油酸是一种重要的甘油衍生物,具有解酒护肝的功能。关于D-甘油酸生产方法的研究已有不少,但对其分离方法及分离机理的研究却鲜见报道。通过静态吸附实验,研究了D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的等温热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,D-甘油酸在201×7阴离子交换树脂上的最大平衡吸附容量随pH的增加而降低,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。在293~308 K下,吸附焓变为14.77 kJ·mol^-1,表明该吸附过程为吸热过程。升高温度有利于提高吸附速率,但对最大平衡吸附容量影响不大。同时,采用动边界模型描述D-甘油酸在该树脂上的交换行为,分别考察了料液浓度、树脂粒径和温度对交换过程的影响。交换过程的吸附速率随D-甘油酸浓度和温度的增加而增大,但随树脂粒径的增大而减小。研究表明该离子交换过程的速率控制步骤为颗粒扩散过程,交换过程的反应速率常数k₀为1.22×10^-3,反应级数a为0.631,表观活化能E_a为14.90 kJ·mol^-1,并得到了动力学总方程。     

混合丁烯/异丁烷硫酸烷基化反应动力学

以硫酸为催化剂,间歇实验研究了276.2 ~285.2 K温度范围内混合丁烯/异丁烷烷基化反应动力学。实验结果表明,随着反应温度的降低,主产物三甲基戊烷(TMPs)生成量和烷基化油整体辛烷值增大,副产物二甲基己烷(DMHs)变化较小,高碳组分(HEs)的生成量降低明显。采用基于碳正离子反应机理建立的烷基化动力学模型对TMPs、DMHs、HEs 3类组分进行了计算分析,模拟计算结果表明,动力学模型对实验数据的拟合效果良好。链引发步骤异丁烯加氢离子反应表现出反Arrhenius行为,其本身及逆反应的活化能分别为45.14 kJ·mol^-1和 41.44 kJ·mol^-1,增加对链传递部分C₈正碳离子形成步骤的速率常数计算,部分涉及链传递和链终止反应步骤反应速率常数与文献值保持一致。     

王棕果壳粉吸附亚甲基蓝性能研究

研究了不同条件下王棕果壳粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,得到吸附的最佳条件为王棕果壳用量10g/L,溶液pH值7,吸附时间30min,温度30℃,亚甲基蓝去除率可达98%。应用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散方程模拟了王棕果壳粉吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学过程,准二级动力学方程的R²值均大于0.9991,且平衡吸附量的计算值(q_e,cal)与实验值(q_e,exp)非常接近,说明该方程适合描述整个吸附过程。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型模拟吸附等温线,结果表明Langmuir方程(R²值均大于0.995)更适合描述此吸附过程,在303K下最大单层吸附量为17.36mg/g。计算了吉布斯自由能变(ΔG⁰)、焓变(ΔH⁰)、熵变(ΔS⁰)、吸附势(E)等热力学参数,ΔG⁰、ΔH⁰、ΔS⁰均小于0,说明此吸附过程是一个自发进行的、放热的、趋于有序的吸附过程。在相同温度下,随着亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度的增加,对应的E值逐渐降低。     

Analysis of equilibrium,kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for biosorption of fluoride from water onto coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) root developed adsorbent

Drinking water with higher fluoride levels results in serious irremediable health problems that have attained a startle all over the world.Researches focused towards deflouridation through the application of biosorbents prepared from various plants are finding greater scope and significance.Present research is done on Cocos nucifera Linn.(coconut tree) one of the very commonly available plants throughout Kerala and around the globe.An adsorbent developed from the root portion of C.nucifera Linn.is used in the present study.Equilibrium study revealed that the fluoride uptake capacity is quite significant and linearly increases with initial adsorbate concentration.The adsorption data is analyzed for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models at varying initial adsorbate concentrations(2–25 mg·L~(-1)).It is found that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm.Langmuir isotherm constants "a" and "b" obtained are 2.037 mg·g~(-1) and 0.823 L·mg~(-1) at an adsorbent dose of 8 g·L~(-1) and temperature(26 ± 1) ℃.The mean free sorption energy, E obtained, is 9.13 kJ ·mol~(-1) which points out that the adsorption of fluoride onto C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent is by chemisorption mechanism.The kinetic study also supports chemisorption with adsorption data fitting well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an estimated rate constant K_2 of 0.2935 g·mg~(-1) min at an equilibrium contact time of 90 min.The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature(ΔH =12.728 kJ·mol~(-1)) of fluoride adsorption onto the C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), BET, FTIR, and EDX methods were used to analyze the surface morphology of adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption process.Experiments on deflouridation using C.nucifera Linn.root adsorbent application on fluoride contaminated ground water samples from fields showed encouraging results.     

用椰壳制活性炭吸附去除三价铋离子(英文)

In present study,we report the preparation of coconut shell activated carbon as adsorbent and its appli-cation for Bi(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solutions.The developed adsorbent was characterized with scanning elec-tron microscope(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),C,H,N,S analyzer,and BET surface area analyzer.The parameters examined include agitation time,initial concentration of Bi(Ⅲ),adsorbent dose and temperature.The maximum adsorption of Bi(Ⅲ)(98.72%) was observed at 250 mg·L-1 of Bi(Ⅲ) and adsorbent dose of 0.7 g when agitation was at 160 r·min-1 for 240 min at(299±2) K.The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy(△Gθ),enthalpy(△Hθ) and entropy(△Sθ) were evaluated.For the isotherm models applied to adsorption study,the Langmuir isotherm model fits better than the Freundlich isotherm.The maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm was 54.35 mg?g?1 of Bi(Ⅲ).The kinetic study of the adsorption shows that the pseudo second order model is more appropriate than the pseudo first order model.The result shows that,coconut shell ac-tivated carbon is an effective adsorbent to remove Bi(Ⅲ) from aqueous solutions with good adsorption capacity.     

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of acid scarlet 3R adsorption onto low-cost adsorbent developed from sludge and straw简

A low-cost adsorbent was prepared from sludge and straw by pyrolysis in a dried state with the surface area of the adsorbent of 829.49 ma. g-l, micropore volume of 0.176 cm2·g-1 and average pore radius of 5.0 nm. The kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic characteristics of trisodium 1-（1-naphthylazo）-2-hydroxynaphthalene- 4＇,6,8-trisulphonate （acid scarlet 3R） onto the adsorbent from sludge and straw were investigated. The results indicated that the pseudo second order adsorption was the predominant adsorption mechanism of acid scarlet 3R. Thus, the adsorption phenomenon was suggested as a chemical process. The adsorption data were fitted better with Langmuir model than Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption of acid scarlet 3R belonged to the monolayer adsorption and mainly occurred in micropores.     

聚合离子液体的合成及其吸附脱硫性能

以N-甲基二烯丙基胺与金属酞菁合成的功能化离子液体为单体、硅胶球为载体,在载体表面聚合制备成硅胶球负载的聚合功能化离子液体吸附材料[(NMDA-Pc/Ni²⁺)/SiO₂]。本研究采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜对其进行表征。考察了吸附剂在常压室温下对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的吸附脱硫性能。结果表明,(NMDA-Pc/Ni²⁺)/SiO₂的吸附脱硫性能最好。最佳吸附条件为吸附剂用量为1.5g/10mL模型油,吸附时间为20min,DBT的最大吸附量为6.198mg/g。该吸附剂对DBT的吸附行为遵循Freundlich吸附等温模型和拟二级动力学模型。以甲醇洗涤再生,重复使用5次后,吸附性能没有明显降低。烯烃和芳烃都会影响吸附剂的吸附脱硫效果,但芳烃对DBT选择性吸附的影响小于烯烃。吸附剂对不同的硫化合物也有良好的吸附作用,去除顺序为:二苯并噻吩>苯并噻吩>噻吩。     

Structure and properties of forming adsorbents prepared from different particle sizes of coal fly ash

In this paper, different particle sizes of coal fly ash FA-R (D50=15.75μm), FA-A (D50=3.61μm) and FA-B (D50=1.73μm) were treated with NaOH solution to prepare the forming adsorbents FFA-R, FFA-A and FF...     

原料粒度对粉煤灰成型吸附剂结构和性能的影响(英文)

In this paper, different particle sizes of coal fly ash FA-R (D50=15.75μm), FA-A (D50=3.61μm) and FA-B (D50=1.73μm) were treated with NaOH solution to prepare the forming adsorbents FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B. The structure and adsorption properties of the forming adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solu-tion were examined. The results showed that the specific surface areas and adsorption capacities of the forming adsorbent for MB increased with decreasing particle size of raw coal fly ashes. The adsorption kinetic data of MB on FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B fitted the second-order kinetic model very wel with the rate constants (k2) of 3.15 × 10?2, 3.84 × 10?2 and 6.27 × 10?2 g·mg?1·min?1, respectively. The adsorption process was not only con-trol ed by intra-particle diffusion. The isotherms of MB on FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B can be described by the Lang-muir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic. ? 2014 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. Al rights reserved.