离子液体体系用于盐湖卤水提取锂

3种咪唑类离子液体:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C₄mim][PF₆])、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C₆mim][PF₆])、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C₈mim][PF₆])被作为绿色溶剂用于盐湖卤水分离镁锂, 建立了以离子液体(ILs)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)分别为萃取介质和萃取剂的盐湖卤水锂萃取体系, 并与使用传统有机溶剂磺化煤油和氯仿的萃取效果进行了对比。研究发现, 该离子液体体系较使用传统挥发性有机溶剂的萃取体系有更高的萃取率。锂的萃取率随离子液体中烷基碳原子数的减小而增加。详细考察了溶液pH、离子液体浓度、相比对萃取效率的影响, 获得了离子液体体系萃取的最优条件。在最佳萃取条件下, 3种离子液体体系对锂的单级萃取效率均高于80%, 分离系数最高达到100以上。机理研究表明:离子液体体系是以阳离子交换实现对锂的萃取, Li⁺与TBP形成[Li·2TBP]⁺络合物进入有机相。     

基于离子液体的“可设计性”和“软酸”性质萃取分离电镀污泥中Cr6+/Fe3+

基于离子液体的"可设计性"和"软酸"性质对于其在电镀污泥酸浸液中铬铁萃取分离方面的应用及其机理进行研究。结果表明：咪唑环上烷基链的长度对于铬铁萃取分离效果有较大的影响,阴离子为[BF₄]^-的离子液体对于铬铁萃取分离能力大于阴离子为[PF₆]^-的离子液体。在所研究的离子液体中,[Omim] [BF₄]对于铬铁具有较好的萃取分离效果,实现了电镀污泥中铬铁分离。结合斜率法、红外光谱分析、Raman光谱分析,[Omim] [BF₄]萃取铬符合离子缔合机理,可推测[Omim] [BF₄]咪唑阳离子与Cr₂O₇^2-阴离子形成离子缔合物而进入有机相,达到萃取分离,从而实现电镀污泥资源化目的,具有一定的应用性。     

离子液体-分散液液微萃取结合高效液相色谱法快速分析茯苓中氰戊菊酯和联苯菊酯农药残留

离子液体-分散液液萃取法被成功地应用于萃取和富集中药材茯苓中氰戊菊酯和联苯菊酯。1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C₈mim][PF₆])作为萃取溶剂，1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C₄mim][BF₄])为分散剂。整个萃取过程不需要加入任何有机溶剂，萃取过程快速，3min内就可以达到萃取平衡。茯苓中目标化合物的加样回收率在95.7%～98.3%之间，检出限为0.50和0.40 ng·mL^-1之间，结果令人满意，说明该实验方法适用于检测中药材中氰戊菊酯和联苯菊酯农药残留。     

离子液体支撑液膜的CO2/CH4分离性能

由于离子液体对CO₂具有较好的溶解选择性,离子液体支撑液膜分离CO₂越来越受到关注。比较了含3种不同阴离子的常规离子液体([bmim][BF₄]、[bmim][PF₆]、[bmim][Tf₂N])作为支撑液膜的液膜相分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,考察了咪唑环上烷基链长对离子液体支撑液膜性能的影响。考虑向离子液体中引入胺基和羧基等亲CO₂基团,制备了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸离子液体([bmim][β-Ala]),考察了 [bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,并对在CO₂渗透测试前后的支撑液膜进行了FT-IR分析,发现氨基酸离子液体中的-NH₂和CO₂的较强作用以及该离子液体的高黏性影响了CO₂的透过性,使[Bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜的CO₂透过率低。     

木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为

为了研究木瓜蛋白酶在[C_nmim]BF₄-NaH₂PO₄双水相体系中的分配行为, 在298.15 K条件下利用浊点法测定了[C_nmim]BF₄-NaH₂PO₄双水相体系的双节线和液液相平衡数据, 建立了木瓜蛋白酶在该体系中的三维分配模型。利用Merchuk方程、Othmer-Tobias方程和Bancroft方程分别关联了双节线数据、液液相平衡数据, 拟合度分别在0.975、0.994以上, 结果满意。木瓜蛋白酶分配系数的对数与该体系上相的离子液体浓度和下相的盐浓度相关度都较高, 故通过Matlab建立了三者之间的分配模型, 实验值和预测值之间的相对偏差均在5%以内, 表明该模型能有效地预测木瓜蛋白酶在[C_nmim]BF₄-NaH₂PO₄双水相体系中的分配行为。     

离子液体用于燃油萃取脱硫的选择与过程优化

针对基于COSMO-SAC模型分子设计方法的准确性问题,采用离子液体脱硫机理分析和实验的方法对其进行了验证,即对[HMIM] [BF₄]、[HMIM] [PF₆]、[BMIM] [BF₄]、[BMIM] [PF₆]、[EMIM] [BF₄]、[EMIM] [PF₆] 6种离子液体作萃取剂时的脱硫效果进行了脱硫机理的分析和实验的验证,得到的脱硫性能排序与离子液体分子设计结果基本一致,且均认为[HMIM] [PF₆]脱硫率较高。以[HMIM] [PF₆]为萃取剂,通过液相色谱法测定萃取后的液相组成,考察萃取时间、萃取温度、剂油比3个因素对脱硫率、分配系数和选择性系数的影响。通过正交实验设计确定了萃取时间40 min、萃取温度20℃、剂油比2：1为较优操作条件,单次脱硫率为72.74%,四级萃取可将模型油的含硫量由1200 μg·g^-1降至6.98 μg·g^-1,符合国Ⅴ标准。     

Electrical conductivities for four ternary electrolyte aqueous solutions with one or two ionic liquid components at ambient temperatures and pressure

Thiswork provides amethod to explore the transport property of the electrolyte aqueous solutionswith one or two ionic liquids, especially focus on their electrical conductivity. The conductivities were measured for the ternary systems NaCl–[C₆mim][Cl] (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)–H₂O, [C₆mim][BF₄]–[C₆mim][Cl]–H₂O, NaNO₃–[C₆mim][BF₄](1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)–H₂O, and [C₄mim][BF₄] (1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)–[C₆mim][BF₄]–H₂O, and their binary subsystems NaNO₃–H₂O, NaCl–H₂O, [C₆mim][BF₄]–H₂O, [C₆mim][Cl]–H₂O, and [C₄mim][BF₄]–H₂O, respectively. The conductivities of the ternary systems were also determined using generalized Young's rule and semi-ideal solution theory in terms of the data of their binary solutions. The comparison showed that the two simple equations provide good predictions for conductivity of mixed electrolyte solutions and the mixed ionic liquid solutions based on the conductivity of their binary subsystems.     

木瓜蛋白酶在离子液体双水相中的分配行为

采用离子液体双水相提取木瓜蛋白酶。首先考察不同浓度、pH、温度的离子液体对木瓜蛋白酶活性的影响, 其次考察不同离子液体双水相体系、离子液体侧烷基链长度及浓度、酶添加量、pH、温度对木瓜蛋白酶分配行为的影响。结果表明:[C₄mim]Cl和[C₄mim]Br体系萃取木瓜蛋白酶的效果比[C₄mim]BF₄体系好;高温(≥60℃)对离子液体双水相体系萃取木瓜蛋白酶不利。离子液体双水相萃取木瓜蛋白酶的最佳工艺条件:0.25 g·ml^-1的[C₄mim]Cl, 0.35 g·ml^-1的K₂HPO₄, pH 8.0, 酶添加量2.0 mg·ml^-1, 30℃。此条件下木瓜蛋白酶的酶活性回收率达到95.16%, 纯化因子达到1.5。为今后进一步研究该体系的放大实验或规模化生产奠定了基础。     

离子液体对溶菌酶晶体形态和活性的影响

以鸡蛋清溶菌酶为模型蛋白,采用冷却结晶法结晶以及浊度法测定酶活性,研究了分别添加4种亲水性离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C₄mim]BF₄)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C₄mim]Cl)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([C₄mim]Br)和1,3-二甲基咪唑碘化物([dmim]I))条件下溶菌酶晶体形态和晶体活性的变化。利用光学显微镜对溶菌酶结晶过程的晶体形态进行分析,结果表明添加离子液体会影响溶菌酶的晶体形态和尺寸。离子液体[C₄mim]BF₄介导的溶菌酶形成棒状晶体。与未添加离子液体相比,[C₄mim]Cl和[C₄mim]Br均未改变溶菌酶晶体形态,均呈块状晶体,但[C₄mim]Cl和[C₄mim]Br促进溶菌酶晶体生长,晶体尺度均增加。而添加[dmim]I,溶菌酶呈现针状晶体。采用浊度法测定溶菌酶晶体活性,结果表明不同的离子液体对溶菌酶晶体的活性...     

2,6-二甲氧基苯酚在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液中溶解行为的红外光谱分析

利用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)和二维相关红外技术研究2, 6-二甲氧基苯酚(2, 6-DMP)在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C₄mim]BF₄)水溶液(离子液体摩尔分数x_IL=1.0～0.02)中的溶解行为。随着水量增大, 2, 6-DMP溶解度先增大而后急剧减小, 对应的x_IL阈值为0.1。2, 6-DMP与[C₄mim]BF₄之间存在强相互作用, 2, 6-DMP上的甲氧基是重要作用位点之一;当少量的水加入[C₄mim]BF₄(x_IL=0.1～1.0), 致密的离子簇结构被解离, 2, 6-DMP容易与[C₄mim]BF₄作用, 溶解度增大;随着大量水加入(0.02IL<0.1), 离子簇完全解离为大分子水簇包围的离子对, 憎水的2, 6-DMP与[C₄mim]BF₄作用困难, 溶解度减小。这种由于水量改变引起的[C₄mim]BF₄水溶液微观结构变化影响2, 6-DMP溶解行为。     

Vapor pressure measurement and correlation of acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride,+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,and+1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Vapor pressures were measured for acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]),+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) and+1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ...     

Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Four Novel Benzothiazolium Ionic Liquids with PF6^- in Six Alcohols

Four novel benzothiazolium ionic liquids with 6PF- （[C1Bth][PF6], [C4Bth][PF6], [C5Bth][PF6] and [C6Bth][PF6]） were synthesized, and the rang of their melting points were determined between 358.35 K-424.05 K. The relationship of their melting points and the length of the straight alkyl chain on cation reflected‘S’ type ten-dency. Then, the solubilities of the four ionic liquids in six lower alcohols （methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol） were measured in the temperature rang of 253.15-383.15 K at at-mospheric pressure with static analytical method, respectively. It was found that [C6Bth][PF6] in all investigated ionic liquids had the largest solubility in six alcohols and the solubility of [C4Bth][PF6] in methanol was very sensi-tive for temperature in 313.15-333.15 K, which was so-called “temperature-sensitivity”. This feature is of great significance to their application of catalyzing reaction or extraction process, and makes the recovery and reuse of ionic liquids （ILs） become easier. Moreover, the experimental solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation andλh equation, respectively. It was found that the result of correlation using two divided tem-perature ranges was better than that of using the whole temperature range.     

采用 UNIFAC 模型预测吸收式循环氨-离子液体工质对的气液相平衡简

On the basis of reported experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data of NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate （NH3-[Emim]Ac）, NH3-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （NH3-[Bmim][BF4]）, NH3-1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate （NH3-[Mmim]DMP） and NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate （NH3-[Emim]EtOSO3） binary systems, the interaction parameters of 14 new groups have been regressed by means of the UNIFAC model. To validate the reliability of the method, these parameters have been used to calculate the VLE data with the average relative deviation of pressures of less than 9.35%. The infinite dilution activity coefficient （ γ1∞ ） and the absorption potential （ φ1 ） are important evaluation criterions of the affinity between working pair species of the absorption cycle. The UNIFAC model is implemented to predict the values of and φ1 of t6 sets of NH3-ionic liquid （1L） systems. The work found that the φ1 gradually increases following the impact order： φ1（[Cnmim][BF4]）〈φ1（[Cnmim]EtOSO3）〈φ1（[Cnmim]DMP）〈φ1（[Cnmim]Ac） （n= 1, 2, 3, … ） at a given cation of IL species and constant temperature, and φ1（[Mmim]X）〈φ1（[Emim]X）〈φ1（[Pmim]X）〈 φ1（[Bmim]X）（X= Ac, [BF4], DMP or EtOSO3） at a given anion of IL species and constant temperature. Furthermore, the φ1 gradually increases with increasing temperature. Then, it could be concluded that the working pair NH3-[BmimlAc has the best potential research value relatively.     

Application of hydrophobic ionic liquid [Bmmim][PF6] in solvent extraction for oily sludge

In this study, an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-2,3-dimmmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmmim][PF₆]), was used in combination with a composite solvent of methyl acetate and n-heptane to enhance the oil extraction from oily sludge. The oil recovery increased by approximately 15% compared with that of solvent extraction without [Bmmim][PF₆] at the optimal ratios of IL to sludge and solvents to sludge, which were at 2:5 (M/M) and 4:1 (V/M), respectively. The saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis revealed that the recovery of resins and asphaltenes was increased by 14% and 38%, respectively, in the solvent extraction with the addition of [Bmmim][PF₆]. [Bmmim][PF₆] maintained a good performance after its reuse four times. The addition of [Bmmim][PF₆] changed the adhesion forces between oil and soil. The IL-assisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, while the unassisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo first-order kinetic model. The results also demonstrated that [Bmmim][PF₆] decreased the solvent consumption by approximately 60% each time. Additionally, [Bmmim][PF₆] can be easily separated. The results suggested that enhancing the solvent extraction with this IL is a promising way to recover oil from oily sludge with a higher oil recovery rate and lower organic solvent consumption than those with the unassisted solvent extraction method.