基于模态声发射和小波变换的薄板中导波传播特性的实验研究

基于小波变换和模态声发射理论。通过声发射实验的方法确定了薄板中导波传播的弥散特性。通过分析声发射信号的Gabor小波变换幅度在时频空间分布特点，确定某一频率下某一模态导波到达传感器的时间，从而确定该频率下该模态导波的群速度，进而确定其弥散曲线。实验确定薄板弥散曲线与理论计算曲线较好吻合，证明小波变换是分析弥散波时频特性的有效工具。     

基于小波分析的声发射源定位技术

声发射全波形采集技术为基于波形分析的声源定位方法提供了可能。在板状构件中声波的传播模式较为复杂,且不同模式的波到达时间和波速均不相同,从而带来了声源定位误差。将时频幅度分析方法引入声发射源定位技术：从接收到的信号中提取出某一频率的柔性波随时间变化的规律,在理论分析的基础上证明,这个分离信号的最大幅值点所对应的时间就是该频率柔性波群速度的到达时间。根据这个到达时间,以及实际测量出的群速度就可以实现声发射源更精确的定位,试验结果也证明了这种方法的可靠性。     

基于导波理论的管道泄漏声发射定位新技术研究

由于泄漏声发射信号的多模态特性和在管道内传播过程中的频散特性,使得通过相关分析进行管道泄漏定位的效果很差。根据模态声发射理论,将圆管中导波传播理论应用于管道泄漏的声发射检测,建立了管道中泄漏声发射信号的多模态传播模型。利用管道中导波传播的频散特性,在提取单一模态导波基础上,提出了一种实用的声发射泄漏定位方法。 泄漏定位试验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于AIC信息准则的Delta T声发射源定位方法

疲劳断裂是金属结构中的主要失效形式,而金属结构中的早期疲劳断裂信号通常难以检测。TOA方法是常用的声发射定位源方法,但是声波传播过程中波速变换和路径的复杂性对其结果影响很大。运用Delta T声发射源定位方法,用断铅实验模拟声发射源,用AIC信息准则对到达时间进行优化,通过使用差值求源点坐标和图像处理的方法,求得声发射源坐标。通过在平板上的实验,比较两种源定位方法在不同结构中的定位结果,分析定位误差,结果表明图像处理方法更为优秀。     

火车轮裂纹声发射源定位技术研究

针对火车轮运行过程中受变载荷作用产生的裂纹具有的特征,对现有的裂纹声发射定位技术进行了优化.在硬件上采用更适用于车轮运行环境的安装方式,并确定了前向通道的各项参数.根据模态声发射理论,即AE信号在传播过程中具有的频散现象和多模态特性,通过对同一模式波到达各传感器的时差信号的精确分析,采用时差法和面域定位相结合的方法进行源位置的计算.由于采用多种技术进行分析,结果将更为精确.     

气体管道泄漏模态声发射时频定位方法

针对声发射信号频散特性导致基于时延估计的气体管道泄漏定位误差大的问题,提出一种基于模态声发射时频分析的泄漏定位方法。该方法采用平滑伪Wigner-Ville时频分布对两泄漏信号的互相关函数进行时频分析,利用互相关函数的时频谱可同时提取泄漏信号的时间延迟和与之对应的频率;然后根据泄漏声发射信号的主导模态的频散曲线即可确定该频率对应的声速,利用实时确定的声速和时间延迟并根据两传感器之间的距离即可确定泄漏点的位置。实验结果表明,采用时频分析的气体管道泄漏定位误差与互相关相比减少了6倍。所提出的模态声发射时频定位方法能有效抑制泄漏信号的频散,提高泄漏信号的相关性,从而更适合用于声发射管道泄漏定位。     

钢板声发射时间反转聚焦增强定位方法

声发射检测方法具有实时动态监测优点,应用越来越广泛,但是对声源的定位始终没有更大的突破。在钢板声发射检测中,提出一种基于时间反转理论的声发射源准确定位的方法。由于声发射检测是一种被动检测技术,结合时间反转聚焦理论,推导出对声源信号实现时间反转聚焦增强处理方法,可增强检测信号中声源幅值,提高信噪比;然后根据声源信号到达时间推算出声源聚焦时刻,利用弹性波传播理论对传感器监测区域重建信号传播波动图,显示出声源位置和区域;最后通过实验测试对该方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效提高损伤声源信号的能量,对检测区域的信号重建和定位显示准确地给出损伤声源位置。     

声发射检测信号分析及源定位方法研究

文中设计了一种可弱化噪声干扰和频散效应的定位算法,采用变分模态分解方法将声发射信号分解为若干个不同频带宽度的模态函数,并通过合并含有主要能量成分的模态函数获得声发射源信号的主要成分,最后采用互相关分析方法确定声源位置.实验结果表明,文中所提算法对声发射源定位是有效的、精确的,在一维和二维AE源定位实验中,文中所提方法综...     

压力容器上声发射源的新型定位方法

压力容器裂纹扩展时产生的弹性波在传播时声压遵从指数衰减规律,本文提出一种利用声衰减对声发射源进行源定位的新方法。用AE21C型声发射仪对自制的小型高分子合成纤维材料容器以铅笔芯折断产生信号为模拟源进行了实验测量,证明这种新的源定位方法可行,并具有无须测量传播介质衰减特性、无须测量声速等优点。     

气体管道泄漏声发射单一非频散模态定位

针对气体管道泄漏声发射信号的多模态、频散特性导致互相关泄漏定位误差大的问题,提出采用单一非频散模态提取的气体管道泄漏声发射定位方法。对检测信号的互谱加窗,并根据模态波数确定窗参数,可获得泄漏声发射信号的单一非频散模态导波的互谱。对单一非频散模态导波的互谱进行傅里叶反变换,得到泄漏声发射中单一非频散模态信号的互相关函数以及时延估计,就可以采用单一非频散模态声速,更准确计算出泄漏位置。对气体管道泄漏进行定位实验,相比用未经分解的泄漏声发射信号进行定位,由于声发射单一非频散模态信号的相关性增强,且选用的声速更准确,定位相对误差平均降低7%以上。这表明,通过提取泄漏信号互谱的单一非频散模态成分进行时延估计,可以提高泄漏检测的有效性和减小定位误差。     

A new acoustic emission source location technique based on wavelet transform and mode analysis

For wave propagation in dispersive media, the arrival time of the acoustic emission signal to the sensor is dependent on the setting of the threshold voltage, which results in the inaccuracy of the acoustic emission location. Based on the wavelet transform and the theory of modal acoustic emission, a new method is proposed to improve the accuracy of acoustic emission source location. It is believed that the acoustic emission signal propagation in the structure has the characteristics of multi-mode and dispersion, and the acoustic emission source location should use the arrival time to sensors obtained from the output signals not only at the same mode but also at the same frequency. The wavelet transform is used to resolve the problem. By utilizing the time-frequency data of the wavelet, the frequency-dependent arrival time traveling is easily obtained; by numerical computation of the wave’s propagation in structure, the group velocity of the guided mode is also obtained, therefore the accuracy source location is realized. The acoustic emission source location experiments were conducted in a thin steel plate and results show that the technique is an effective tool for acoustic emission source location. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2005, 26(3) (in Chinese)     

基于小波尺度谱的转子系统碰摩声发射特性

针对转子系统动静件间发生碰摩时会引起弹性应变而产生声发射,进而可利用声发射来辨识和诊断碰摩故障的特点,首先对碰摩声发射和碰摩振动信号进行了试验对照研究,讨论基于声发射的碰摩辨识别方法的独特优越性.然后,着重对碰摩声发射的特性进行了试验研究,并借助于小波尺度谱优越的时频分析性能,利用小波尺度谱对碰摩声发射的时频特性、传播特性和频散特性等进行了详细分析.分析结果显示小波尺度谱非常适合碰摩声发射这种频率丰富、非平稳和非线性的多模态波,是模态声发射分析的有力方法.     

Identification of acoustic wave propagation in a duct line and its application to detection of impact source location based on signal processing

For the detection of the impact location in a pipeline system, the correlation method has been the conventional method. For the application of the correlation method, the diameter of a duct should be small so that the acoustic wave inside the duct can propagate with nondispersive characteristics, in the form of, for example, a plane wave. This correlation method calculates the cross-correlation between acoustic waves measured at two acceleration sensors attached to a buried duct. It also gives information about the arrival time delay of an acoustic wave between two sensors. These arrival time delays are used for the estimation of the impact location. However, when the diameter of the duct is large, the acoustic waves inside the duct propagate with dispersive characteristics owing to the reflection of the acoustic wave off of the wall of the duct. This dispersive characteristic is related to the acoustic modes inside a duct. Therefore, the correlation method does not work correctly for the detection of the impact location. This paper proposes new methods of accurately measuring the arrival time delay between two sensors attached to duct line system. This method is based on the time-frequency analyses of the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). These methods can discriminate direct waves (non-dispersive waves) and reflective waves (dispersive waves) from the measured wave signals through the time-frequency analysis. The direct wave or the reflective wave is used to estimate the arrival time delay. This delay is used for the identification of the impact location. This systematic method can predict the impact location due to the impact forces of construction equipment with more accuracy than the correlation method.     

基于EWT及互时频的天然气管道泄漏定位

针对天然气管道泄漏定位的问题,提出一种基于经验小波变换(EWT)及互时频的泄漏定位方法。该方法首先采用EWT对泄漏信号进行分解,获得多个分量,进而提出根据互信息的敏感分量自适应选择算法,获取敏感分量;然后采用互时频法对敏感分量进行时频分析,根据互时频图的最大特征峰值计算时延和相关频率;最后根据频散曲线获得相关声波速度,实现对天然气管道泄漏点定位。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现管道泄漏点定位,与基于EMD的互时频法相比,定位精度明显提高。     

Source location in plates based on the multiple sensors array method and wavelet analysis

A new method for impact source localization in a plate is proposed based on the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and wavelet analysis. For source localization, the direction of arrival of the wave caused by an impact on a plate and the distance between impact position and sensor should be estimated. The direction of arrival can be estimated accurately using MUSIC method. The distance can be obtained by using the time delay of arrival and the group velocity of the Lamb wave in a plate. Time delay is experimentally estimated using the continuous wavelet transform for the wave. The elastodynamic theory is used for the group velocity estimation.     

Gas leak locating in steel pipe using wavelet transform and cross-correlation method

Pipelines leakage in power plant, petrochemical complexes, and refineries can lead to explosion, pollution, and severe physical damages, so precise and on time leak locating is very important. There are many techniques for detecting and locating the leakage. In this research, we represent the leak locating principle in pressurized gas pipelines by using acoustic emission theory. An algorithm for finding the location of continuous acoustic waves resulted from leakage is provided by MATLAB software. The used leak locating technique is a combination of wavelet transform, filtering, and cross-correlation methods. The resulted acoustic emission signals were analyzed into high and low frequencies by wavelet transform and available noises on them were omitted completely by filtering. Then de-noised acoustic emission signals were reconstructed. Time differences of de-noised waves were calculated precisely by using cross-correlation function. For studying the accuracy of used method, acoustic emission testing was done by continuous leakage source. The resulted signals of leakage were recorded by two acoustic sensors in two sides of leakage source, and time difference and leak location were calculated by using the algorithm. Several tests were done by changing sensor distance from leakage source and error percent of less than 3 % was resulted in leak locating that indicated high precision of used algorithm.