原位聚合免喷涂PA6/滑石粉纳米复合材料及其性能

通过原位聚合法制备免喷涂聚酰胺(PA) 6/滑石粉纳米复合材料(n-PA6),测试了合成的PA6和n-PA6的物理力学性能,通过扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料的微观结构,利用差示扫描量热仪分析复合材料的熔融和结晶行为,以及利用热重法分析复合材料的热降解过程。结果表明,该原位聚合法可使滑石粉以纳米状态均匀分散在PA6基材中,并且滑石粉和PA6结合得比较紧密,界面粘结性较好,滑石粉的引入对PA6的结晶起到了异相成核的作用,提高了结晶速率和结晶度,同时也对应地提高了力学性能,与PA6相比,n-PA6的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和热变形温度分别提高了20.25%,36.63%,63.32%和83.64%,同时引入滑石粉后,n-PA6的热稳定性得到提高,免喷涂效果以及光泽度得到改善。     

无机成核剂改性聚酰胺6/碳纤维复合材料的结构与性能

以钛酸钾晶须（PTW）、高岭土（Kaolin）和滑石粉（Talc）为成核剂,制备了无机成核剂改性聚酰胺6/碳纤维（PA6/CF/NA）三元复合材料。通过分析复合材料的力学性能、动态热力学性能、微观形貌、结晶行为、晶体结构、热性能等对其结构和性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明,加入Talc可以大幅提高PA6/CF复合材料的冲击性能,添加2%（质量分数,下同）的Talc时,复合材料的冲击强度提高了44.5%;Talc在挤出过程中能够充分解离成片层并均匀地分散在PA6基体中,PA6/CF/Talc复合材料中存在大量纤维拔出后形成的孔洞,片层与基体黏结较好;与PTW和Kaolin相比,Talc突出的异相成核作用可以显著提高PA6/CF复合材料的结晶温度,并促进PA6形成更为完善的晶体结构。     

PA6/CaCl_2/玻璃纤维复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

采用挤出方式分别制备尼龙6/氯化钙(PA6/Ca Cl_2)、尼龙6/氯化钙/玻璃纤维(PA6/Ca Cl_2/GF)复合材料。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了氯化钙和玻璃纤维对两种复合材料非等温结晶行为的影响,并用Jeziorny法、Mo法对复合材料结晶动力学进行研究。结果表明,Ca Cl_2的络合作用使PA6/Ca Cl_2复合材料起始结晶温度、结晶速率降低;而GF提高了PA6/Ca Cl_2结晶的起始温度,减小其总结晶时间,对于PA6/Ca Cl_2/GF复合材料,GF起到了成核作用。X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究表明,与金属离子诱导PA6生成α晶型不同,GF诱导其生成γ晶型。     

高性能碳纤维增强尼龙10T复合材料制备与性能

以半芳香族尼龙聚对苯二甲酰葵二胺(PA10T)为基体树脂,采用碳纤维(CF)增强改性的方式制备高性能CF增强PA10T复合材料,研究不同质量分数的CF对PA10T/CF复合材料力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜对PA10T/CF复合材料的断面形貌进行分析,结合X射线衍射分析和差式扫描量热分析对复合材料的熔融、结晶过程和晶体结构进行分析,采用热重分析测试了复合材料的热稳定性。结果表明,CF的加入显著提高了PA10T/CF复合材料力学性能,当CF质量分数为30%,PA10T/CF复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别达到253,360 MPa和20.1 GPa,比纯PA10T的性能分别提高216%,323%和675%。CF在复合材料结晶过程中起到异相成核作用,为结晶过程提供大量晶核,CF诱导α晶型PA10T晶态结构发生变化;同时也对分子链的运动折叠产生阻碍,导致晶粒生长不完善出现晶粒细化现象。加入CF后,复合材料结晶温度提高,结晶度随CF含量提高呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,同时热稳定性提高,当CF质量分数为10%时,复合材料热分解起始温度及失重50%的温度分别比纯PA10T提高10....     

不同粒径的PP粉的相对分子质量及其分布、结晶性能和力学性能

采用差示扫描量热仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪研究了PP粉粒径大小对其相对分子质量及分布、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,粒径大小对PP粉的相对分子质量及分布、结晶温度、结晶速率、成核能力、力学性能等均有明显的影响。随着粒径的减小,PP粉的数均相对分子质量下降,相对分子质量分布变宽,熔体流动速率逐渐增大;结晶温度和结晶起始温度升高,成核能力增加,起始结晶速率增大,晶粒更加细化均匀;但其拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度有不同程度的下降。     

尼龙6/高岭土纳米复合材料的结晶行为

采用广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段研究尼龙6(PA6)/高岭土纳米复合材料的结晶行为.结果表明:高岭土的加入起到成核剂的作用,影响到PA6成核机理和结晶的生长,且改变了PA6的晶型,使PA6结晶温度略有升高,结晶速率增加,更易于结晶.同时从Avrami方程出发,得出纳米高岭土的存在可以明显改变PA6的结晶行为.     

聚酰胺6/连续碳纤维复合材料的结晶行为

利用自行设计的浸渍装置,通过熔融浸渍法制备了连续碳纤维增强聚酰胺6(PA6/LCF)复合材料。研究了LCF对PA6/LCF复合材料结晶行为的影响。结果表明,LCF的加入对PA6基体具有异相成核作用,增容剂苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(SMAH)和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)的加入均能促进LCF对PA6基体的异相成核作用。PA6的等温结晶均相成核和异相成核共存,PA6/LCF复合材料则以异相成核结晶为主。非等温结晶研究表明,随着冷却速率的增加,PA6,PA6/LCF复合材料的结晶速率变大,半结晶时间降低。     

高含量碳纤维对尼龙6非等温结晶与熔融行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了高含量碳纤维（CF）对尼龙6（PA6）非等温结晶与熔融行为的影响。结晶行为研究结果表明，高含量CF的引入对PA6的结晶起到异相成核作用，提高了PA6的总结晶速率。熔融行为研究结果表明在低的降温速率下。CF诱导基体尼龙6形成亚稳态的γ^＊结晶，其熔融峰为一个明显的不对称单峰；高降温速率下为熔融双峰，低温峰为亚稳态的γ^＊结晶的熔融。而高温峰为亚稳态的结晶在升温过程中发生再结晶和再组合形成更稳定的γ结晶的熔融。     

滑石粉、碳酸钙填充聚丙烯复合材料等温结晶行为的对比研究

用熔融共混法分别制备了聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉、PP/碳酸钙(CaCO3)复合材料,用差示扫描量热法(DSC)考察了PP及其复合材料的等温结晶过程,并用Avrami方程对纯PP及PP/滑石粉、PP/CaCO3复合材料的等温结晶动力学行为进行了分析。结果表明,PP、PP/滑石粉及PP/CaCO3复合材料的Avrami指数均小于2.3,存在均相成核和异相成核双重成核机理,且其结晶速率常数和结晶速率均随着结晶温度的升高而减小;在该体系中,滑石粉对基体PP有明显的异相成核作用,使PP的结晶速率加快、结晶时间缩短;而CaCO3则没有明显的异相成核作用。     

滑石粉、碳酸钙填充聚丙烯复合材料等温结晶行为的研究

用熔融共混法分别制备了聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉、PP/碳酸钙(CaCO3)复合材料,用差示扫描量热法考察了PP及其复合材料的等温结晶过程,并用Avrami方程对纯PP及PP/滑石粉、PP/CaCO3复合材料的等温结晶动力学行为进行了分析。结果表明,PP、PP/滑石粉及PP/CaCO3复合材料的Avrami指数均小于2.3,存在均相成核和异相成核双重成核机理,且其结晶速率常数和结晶速率均随着结晶温度的升高而减小;在该体系中,滑石粉对基体PP有明显的异相成核作用,使PP的结晶速率加快、结晶时间缩短;而CaCO3则没有明显的异相成核作用。     

Effects of talc orientation and non-isothermal crystallization rate on crystal orientation of polypropylene in injection-molded polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber/talc blends

The effects of talc orientation and non-isothermal crystallization rate on the crystal orientation of polypropylene in the injection-molded PP/EPR/Talc blends were studied by using AFM, DSC, SEM and XRD. Polypropylene was transcrystallized on the talc surface and the polypropylene crystal was oriented perpendicular to the talc surface. Therefore, the crystal orientation was affected by the talc orientation. At the surface of injection-molded specimens, the crystal orientation increased with decreasing the molecular weight of EPRs and increasing the talc content. Because talc particles were nearly oriented parallel to the flow direction in the skin layer of the specimens, the crystal orientation was amplified by the increased crystallization rate. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PP/EPR/Talc blends was investigated in terms of the molecular weight of EPRs and the talc content. Non-isothermal crystallization rate increased with decreasing the molecular weight of EPRs due to the plasticizing effect of EPRs and increasing the content of talc which acts as nucleating agent.     

超细滑石粉填充PHA／PLA合金材料的应用研究

介绍了超细滑石粉在一种可降解塑料聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）／聚乳酸（PLA）合金材料中的应用情况。滑石粉加入量在合金材料的12％以下时，在添加量为8％时，合金的冲击强度有所降低。同时它能起成核作用，能有效地提高合金材料的结晶速率。对PHA／PLA合金的一些性能，如成型收缩率、力学性能、热变形温度及加工工艺均有明显的改善。     

基于碳纳米涂层沉积滑石粉与炭黑协同填充PVC/ABS复合材料的性能研究

通过高温热解聚合物方法将碳纳米涂层沉积到滑石粉的表面,并将其与炭黑协同填充到聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（PVC/ABS）复合材料中,研究了滑石粉与炭黑含量对复合材料电学性能、力学性能、热稳定性与阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,添加3份滑石粉时,炭黑的逾渗值仅为3份,在此添加量下复合材料的拉伸强度提高了14.4%,原因为滑石粉与炭黑在基体内构成了网络结构,滑石粉作为节点在基体内随机位置、随机方向分布,而炭黑可作为连接各个节点的通道。     

Nucleation and crystal growth of PEEK on carbon fiber

The necleation and crystal growth of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) on carbon fiber during isothermal crystallization were studied using optical microscopy. It was shown that the nucleation rate on the fiber is affected by the crystallization and melting temperatures. Transcrystallinity of PEEK was found to appear in the range 280–315°C after PEEK was melted at rather high temperature. Its linear growth rates at various temperatures were found to be similar to those of the spherulite in the bulk. Also, its thickness depends on the crystallization and melting temperatures. Variation of the molecular weight of PEEK within a small range has no obvious influence on its nucleation rate on the fiber, but affects the transcrystalline growth rate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Role of heat transfer and thermal conductivity in the crystallization behavior of polypropylene‐containing additives: A phenomenological model

The thermal conductivity of a filler and the thermal conductivity of a composite made from that filler influence the heat‐transfer process during melt processing. The heat‐transfer process from the melt to the mold wall becomes an important factor in developing the skin–core morphology. These aspects were examined in this study. The thermal conductivity of polypropylene–filler composites was estimated with a standard model for various fillers such as calcium carbonate, talc, silica, wollastonite, mica, and carbon fibers. The rate of cooling under given conditions, including the melting temperature, mold wall temperature, mass of the composite, and filler content, was estimated with standard heat‐transfer equations. The time to attain the crystallization temperature for polypropylene was evaluated with a regression method with differential temperature steps. The crystallization curves were experimentally determined for the different fillers, and from them, the induction period for the onset of crystallization was estimated. These observations were correlated with the expected trends from the aforementioned formalism. The excellent fit of the curves showed that in all these cases, the thermal conductivity of the filler and composite played a dominant role in controlling the onset of the crystallization process. However, the nucleation effects became important in the later stages after the crystallization temperature was attained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2994–2999, 2003     

高含量碳纤维增强尼龙6等温结晶动力学的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了高含量碳纤维（CF）增强尼龙6的等温结晶行为，并应用Avrami方程分析了尼龙6的等温结晶动力学过程。结果表明，CF在尼龙6基体中起到了异相成核作用，提高了结晶速率；尼龙6的等温结晶过程主要为成核过程控制。     

UHMWPE/CNTs复合纤维的结晶行为研究

分别用DSC、X衍射、热台偏光显微镜对超高分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）和UHMWPE／CNTs（碳纳米管）复合纤维的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明：碳纳米管的加入使得复合材料的熔点较UHMWPE有所提高,碳纳米管起到了成核剂的作用。晶片厚度较UHMWPE增加。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯非等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪结合Avrami方程研究了玻璃纤维（GF）增强聚丙烯（PP）复合体系的非等温结晶动力学,探讨了GF含量及长度对PP结晶行为的影响。通过偏光显微镜观察了复合材料的结晶形态。结果表明,引入GF改变了PP的结晶温度,对其结晶有成核作用,并随着GF含量的增加,PP的半结晶时间（t1/2）呈下降趋势,结晶速率逐渐上升;同时随着GF长度的增加,PP的结晶速率是先增大后减小。PP和PP/GF复合材料的Avrami指数均在2.99～3.40,说明PP的结晶成核机理和生长方式没有改变。