氯化苄对位定位催化合成—对氯氯苄

本文介绍了对氯氯苄性能、应用及合成工艺,目前通常采用的合成路线为对氯甲苯法。本文介绍了以氯化苄为原料,对位定位催化合成对氯氯苄的工艺方法,该法原料价格便宜,产品收率高,选择合适的催化剂是今后研究开发的方向。     

2,5-呋喃二甲酸合成技术路线及应用前景

2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)是合成新型可降解高分子聚酯(PEF)的主要单体.介绍了FDCA的主要性能及用途,重点介绍了FDCA的合成技术路线,根据合成原料及路线的不同,可以分为5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)为原料(化学法)、糠酸糠醛为原料、己糖二酸为原料、二甘醇酸为原料、HMF为原料(生物法)共5种技术路线.分析结果表明:以糖为原料,HMF路线是2,5-FDCA工业化量产最有前景的路线,2,5-呋喃二甲酸合成的主要技术难点在于糖的高效选择性脱水反应与脱水过程中有效并有经济价值的氧化技术,选择高性能的催化剂及相对应的溶剂体系显得尤为重要.最后,对FDCA产品的国内外应用现状进行了简要分析,并对FDCA产品的发展前景做进一步展望.     

戊二醛的合成及应用

介绍了戊二醛合成方法的发展沿革，对吡啶法，吡喃法，戊二醇法，戊二酸法，环戊烯法等戊二醛的主要合成工艺进行述评，并对这些工艺进行了简单的比较，阐述了目前国内生产状况及戊二醛在消毒方面，帛革工业，石油工业等方面的应用。同时对戊二醛产品的市场前景作了简要的叙述。     

2种C1化工路线制乙二醇技术经济分析

介绍了以煤炭或天然气衍生的合成气为原料,一步法直接合成和经甲醛(或草酸酯)间接法合成乙二醇工艺的历史和进展,并对这2条被认为是有希望在不远的将来实现产业化的技术路线进行了工艺比较和经济性比较。认为CO经草酸酯合成乙二醇技术路线具有反应条件温和、设备投资小、环境友好等优点,并且其产品工厂成本低18.7%,是首选的C1化工合成乙二醇技术路线。     

α-蒎烯化学性质的应用

介绍了以α-蒎烯为原料 ,利用其不同的化学性质 ,可合成一系列重要香料原料和其它产品 ,并对其合成路线进行了简单的概括。     

对位酯的合成技术与生产现状

对位酯是活性染料最重要的中间体,乙烯砜型活性染料中间体之一.活性染料已成为我国目前第二大类染料品种,呈快速发展势头,对位酯的需求也随之逐年增加.以文献为基础,介绍了分别以乙酰苯胺、对硝基氯苯、硝基苯为原料合成对位酯的方法,并对各合成路线进行了分析、比较,指出了乙酰苯胺原料路线,对硝基氯苯原料路线的巯基乙醇法、硝基苯法、...     

农药中间体乙醛肟合成新工艺研究

本文介绍了亚硝酸钠为主要原料合成乙醛肟的工艺路线，对影响合成收率及产品纯度的有关因素进行了较系统研究，确定了最佳合成路线及操作参数，为其工业化生产提供了依据。     

对溴苯乙酸合成研究进展

本文对对溴苯乙酸的合成工艺进行了概述,从原料、合成路线、产品收率以及工业生产实际等方面对几种合成方法进行了评价。重点讨论了氰化-水解工艺和羰化法合成工艺,并对它们的反应条件和发展趋势作了评述。此外简要介绍了对溴苯乙酸的应用。     

碳酸酯绿色合成技术研究进展

碳酸酯是一类重要的有机化工中间体和精细化学品原料。传统的以剧毒光气为原料制备碳酸酯方法已基本被淘汰,该文重点介绍氧化羰化法合成碳酸二甲酯、酯交换法合成碳酸二苯酯等绿色合成路线的技术研究进展。     

吡喃法合成戊二醛(下)

戊二醛是一种有着广阔发展前景的精细化工产品,它的两个自由醛基非常活泼,能进行多种反应,被广泛应用在医药、油田、制革、食品、环境保护等领域。为了利用本公司具有丙烯醛原料的优势,积极开发高附加值的下游产品,进行了乙烯基乙醚和丙烯醛反应合成2-乙氧基-3,4-二氢吡喃及其水解制备戊二醛的研究,并在连续化吡喃合成和水解方面取得了一定的技术突破,形成了特有的戊二醛合成工艺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。