既有钢筋混凝土结构性能分析

针对既有钢筋混凝土结构的性能分析、可靠性评估以及强度衰减分析,是进行工程加固改造的前提。本文对既有钢筋混凝土结构性能评估方法以及建筑结构抗力衰减进行分析,指出当前建筑结构剩余承裁力评估的重要性。     

不同抗力水平公路桥梁限载分析模型

针对钢筋混凝土中、小跨径简支梁桥,提出一种适用于不同设计荷载等级或抗力衰减桥梁的限载取值简化分析方法。首先,通过引入抗力修正系数, 构造钢筋混凝土梁受弯破坏极限状态函数。进而,以规范建议的钢筋混凝土受弯抗力、恒载效应概率密度函数为依据,提出考虑抗力修正系数的桥梁限载简 化分析模型。在此基础上,以04规范桥梁的设计抗力水平为基准,以设计采用的活恒载比值为基本参数,计算与不同抗力修正系数对应的桥梁限载系数。最 后,以13m钢筋混凝土空心板梁为例验证限载分析模型,通过分析限载系数和典型车辆限载取值,给出了限载取值的修正方法。结果表明,按所提限载分析 模型推算的限载值均有一定的安全储备,可用于不同抗力水平桥梁的限载分析。     

已有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震可靠度分析

提出已有钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震可靠度分析的一种实用方法,取最小的楼层可靠度作为结构的可靠度;利用构件的荷载/抗力比,并考虑其他修正系数的办法构造权函数,将各构件的可靠度组合成楼层的可靠度;根据震害经验,以柱的抗剪能力建立钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震功能函数;对混凝土碳化和结构荷载的影响因素进行分析。并对一个工程实例进行分析,分别计算出原结构及采用三种不同方法加固方案后的结构抗震可靠度。     

钢筋混凝土梁加固中剪力的传递

本文简要分析了钢筋混凝土梁在加固过程中剪力的传递问题 ,提出了几种有效的加固方案     

碳纤维片材加固钢筋混凝土梁的可靠度分析

建立了 FRP 加固钢筋混凝土梁的极限状态方程;讨论了碳纤维片材的耐久性、纤维布与混凝土间界面的粘结耐久性对加固有构件抗力的影响;通过一次二阶矩法计算了《碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构技术规程》(CECS146:2003)加固的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯可靠度指标,计算结果大于3.7,表明满足《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB50068-2001)对抗弯可靠度指标的要求。     

CFRP加固技术对RC梁抗爆性能的影响

碳纤维布加固修复结构技术作为一种结构加固修复新技术,具有显著的物理力学特点。国内外的‘系列实验研究成果均表明,碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁改变了结构的刚度和结构的抗力特性,使结构的抗爆炸能力得到提高。     

考虑时空效应的等效土体水平抗力系数的取值研究

基坑工程设计中土体的水平抗力系数与开挖时间、空间、地质条件和加固条件、开挖土体所处的深度、护坡土体的宽度等密切相关,是基坑开挖时间、空间、地层土性条件、加固条件、环境条件等的函数.为便于工程应用,本文通过现场试验实测资料的整理,并结合程序反分析和理论研究,提出了一种等效水平抗力系数Kh来综合反映土体抵抗变形的能力,并建立了被动抗力K的实用计算方法.     

基于重要抽样法的梁的时变可靠性研究

基于已有的混凝土结构耐久性的研究成果及一般大气环境指标下的结构抗力、荷载及荷载效应的特征和概率模型,提出了计算随时间变化的结构可靠度的简化方法,应用该法对一钢筋混凝土梁的时变性进行了可靠性分析。研究表明:随着结构抗力的衰减,结构的可靠性大为降低,钢筋混凝土梁在50年内的可靠性几乎降低了一倍。因此,无论是在役结构的可靠性分析还是拟建结构的可靠性设计都必须考虑时变性。     

CFRP加固技术对RC梁抗爆性能的影响

碳纤维布加固修复结构技术作为一种结构加固修复新技术，具有显著的物理力学特点。国内外的一系列实验研究成果均表明，碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁改变了结构的刚度和结构的抗力特性，使结构的抗爆炸能力得到提高。     

高压注浆法加固补强灌注桩技术

通过对钢筋混凝土灌注桩产生缺陷后的几种常见加固补强方案进行技术经济分析,介绍应用高压注浆加固补强技术,是一种既能节省加固成本,又不影响工期的处理方法。     

多种因素影响下的再生混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

通过取代率、配筋率、砖粒含量、硅粉含量及多元混杂纤维含量共5种参数的变化,设计了13根梁构件并进行了受弯性能试验。试验结果表明:各因素中配筋率明显影响受弯梁的抗弯承载力;随着取代率的增加,受弯承载力并未降低却反之提高;而硅粉、混杂纤维与活性矿物料复合作用能有效改善弯曲性能;而适当的砖粒含量由于大孔隙吸水性强的特点间接降低了再生骨料混凝上中的水灰比,从而一定程度上也提高了抗弯性能。     

红砂岩的一种新的抗风化化学加固方法试验研究

以浙江龙游石窟群围岩的抗风化加固为研究背景,对红砂岩试件进行了多种化学材料处理方案的室内试验,通过对试验结果及相应试验参数的分析,提出了一种新的化学加固材料CRS。利用该材料进行加固时首先利用无机硅与砂岩的反应物填充岩石的孔隙,然后用有机硅与岩石中的羟基反应,以脱水缩合,达到加固目的。将岩石浸泡在该材料的溶液中,与浸泡前相比,岩石的弹性波速度增加15%左右,粘聚力增加50%,内摩擦角变化不大,在围压5 MPa时,三轴抗压强度增加50%左右。将选定的化学加固材料喷洒在龙游石窟的多处围岩表面上,岩体结构明显致密,加固深度大于3 cm,围岩的弹性波速度比加固前提高了5%(淋水岩体)～10%(较干岩体),加固将近1 a时间,被加固的岩石表面和内部均未发现颜色的明显改变。     

冲击荷载下棚洞抗冲切性能研究

本文对落石冲击下棚洞钢筋混凝土顶板的破坏形式进行了研究,并按整体抗力相等的原则将板内配筋等效为薄钢板,在考虑垫层缓冲作用的基础上讨论了混凝土强度、棚洞顶板厚度以及顶板内所配钢筋的配筋间距、横纵向钢筋直径等因素对提高顶板抗冲切破坏性能的影响。结果表明:即使冲击速度不大,大质量的破坏性落石仍然会导致顶板贯穿块形成;板内配筋对贯穿块的阻力随着配筋间距的增大而减小,两者成反比例关系;横、纵向钢筋直径对配筋对贯穿块的阻力有显著影响,配筋阻力与横、纵向钢筋直径的平方之和成正比;垫层对落石冲击力的分散作用使得顶板上部的加载面积变大,这可以在一定程度上提高棚洞顶板的抗冲切承载力以及板内配筋对贯穿块的阻力;棚洞顶板的剪切破坏受多种因素控制,因此,在实际工程中应对棚洞所在区域的地质情况进行综合分析以对其进行设计。     

Effects of facing,reinforcement stiffness,toe resistance,and height on reinforced walls

This study numerically investigated the combined effect of reinforcement and facing stiffness, wall height, and toe resistance on the behavior of reinforced soil (RS) walls under working stress conditions. For RS walls with vertical segmental block facing, parametric analyses showed that the combined effect of the facing stiffness, wall height, and toe resistance on the distribution of the maximum reinforcement load with depth may be limited to approximately 4 m above the base of the wall. Furthermore, the shape of the distribution of the reinforcement load may be a function of the combined effect of the wall height, reinforcement stiffness, toe resistance, and facing stiffness. For a given facing stiffness and fixed-base conditions, increasing the height of the wall and reinforcement stiffness may change the distribution shape of the reinforcement load from trapezoidal to the triangular. Additionally, the maximum reinforcement loads calculated using finite element analyses were compared to the values predicted by design methods found in the literature. Some limitations of those design procedures are presented and discussed.     

Evaluation of oblique pullout resistance of reinforcements in soil wall subjected to seismic loads

Pullout resistance is one of the most important factors governing seismic stability of reinforced soil walls. The previous studies on the seismic stability of reinforced soil walls have focused on the axial resistance of the reinforcement against the pullout. However, the kinematics of failure causes the reinforcement to be subjected to the oblique pullout force and bending deformation. Considering the kinematics of failure and bending deformation of the reinforcement, this paper presents a pseudo-static seismic analysis for evaluating the pullout resistance of reinforcements in soil wall subjected to oblique pullout forces. A modified horizontal slice method (HSM) and Pasternak model are used to calculate the required force to maintain the stability of the reinforced soil wall and shear resistance mobilized in the reinforcements, respectively. In addition, this paper studies the effect of various parameters on the pullout resistance of the reinforcements in soil wall subjected to seismic loads. Results of this study are compared with the published data and their differences are analyzed in detail.     

浅析钢筋混凝土框筒结构的加固

钢筋混凝土框筒结构是工业与民用建筑筑中经常采用的结构形式之一。由于抗震性能要求的提高、使用功能的改变以及施工过程中原有设计要求的变更等原因,对已建钢筋混凝土框筒结构进行结构加固设计也是工程师在实际工程中经常遇见的设计问题之一。钢筋混凝土框筒结构的加固设计,应根据工程的实际悄况选用适宜的加固方法,进行仔细的计算验证,并与实际施工方法紧密结合,在做到安全可靠的同时满足经济合理的要求。本文结合具体的工程实例,对一幢二十一层的钢筋混凝土框筒结构的加层加固设计进行了扼要的介绍,同时对增大柱截面加固法进行了初步的探讨,本文介结的结构加固方法可供类似工程的加固设计参考。     

影响混凝土结构抗火性能的参数仿真分析

应用相关试验结果和计算结果对截面尺寸、截面形式、钢筋保护层厚度、配筋率、钢筋品种、荷载水平、预应力度、边界条件等参数对混凝土结构抗火性能的影响进行了分析,协助广大结构工程师领会混凝土结构抗火性能。     

皖西大戏院加固改造

通过对皖西大戏院老建筑物综合性加固改造,使建筑功能改善、结构安全,满足抗震设防要求。     

Pullout Resistance of Bearing Reinforcement Embedded in Sand

Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) structure has been widely accepted as a retaining structure. Its construction cost is mainly controlled by backfill materials, which are generally coarse-grained soils, and reinforcement type (steel volume). The present paper introduces a new cost-effective reinforcement, designated as “Bearing Reinforcement”. It is composed of a longitudinal member and transverse (bearing) members. The longitudinal member is made of a deformed bar, which exhibits a high pullout friction resistance. The transverse members are a set of equal angles, which provide high pullout bearing resistance. The maximum pullout bearing resistance of a single isolated transverse member, σ_bmax, can be determined by using the plasticity solution based on the modified punching shear failure mechanism. Influential factors governing the mobilization of pullout bearing resistance are spacing, S, leg length, B, and numbers, n of transverse members. The larger the S/B, the lower the transverse member interference. The S/B ratios of <3.75 and >25 are referred to as full and free interference, respectively. The relationship between normalized average pullout bearing stress, σ_bn/nσ_n and pullout displacement, d, where σ_bn/n is average pullout bearing stress of the bearing reinforcement with n transverse members and σ_n is applied normal stress, is practically identical for the same level of transverse member interference. This relationship can be modelled by hyperbolic function. From this finding, a suggested procedure for estimating pullout characteristics (maximum pullout resistance and pullout force versus displacement relationship) of the bearing reinforcement for any level of transverse member interference (any S, B, and n) based on a one point test on the bearing reinforcement with a single isolated transverse member is proposed. Good agreement has been obtained between the predicted and the measured pullout characteristics. This suggested method is useful for the internal stability analysis of MSE wall in terms of engineering and economic viewpoints.     

Ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing resting on soil bed strengthened by wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique

In the recent past, the wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique has been recommended for constructing the geosynthetic-reinforced soil foundations. This paper presents the development of an analytical expression for estimating the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing resting on soil bed reinforced with geosynthetic reinforcement having the wraparound ends. The wraparound ends of the geosynthetic reinforcement are considered to provide the shearing resistance at the soil-geosynthetic interface as well as the passive resistance due to confinement of soil by the geosynthetic reinforcement. The values of ultimate load-bearing capacity determined by using the developed analytical expression agree well with the model footing load test values as reported in the literature.