Organizing the description of a relational data base

The design and implementation of the data structures used within a software system such as a compiler, an operating system or a data base management system are fundamental to the development of that system. Unfortunately, there are very few standard techniques for designing such data structures and for structuring the software used to support them. This paper proposes that it is possible to use data base techniques to design and implement such data structures. For this reason, it describes a methodology which is used to design large relational data bases, and then demonstrates how the methodology was modified and used to design the internal data structures of a relational data base management system. This paper concludes that this approach produces data structures which are better understood and easier to modify than those resulting from an ad-hoc approach.     

The design of a pascal compiler

The development of a compiler for the programming language PASCAL¹ is described in some detail. Design decisions concerning the layout of program and data, the organization of the compiler including its syntax analyser, and the over-all approach to the project are discussed. The compiler is written in its own language and was implemented for the CDC 6000 computer family. The reader is expected to be familiar with Reference 1.     

基于实时操作系统T-Kernel的多任务软件设计

研究基于实时操作系统T-Kernel的多任务软件设计。首先介绍了实时操作系统T-Kernel的基础知识,包括任务管理、同步与通信管理和中断管理等。以一种基于T-Kernel的播放器软件设计为例,描述了进行多任务设计,主要是软件的多任务划分和设计编程,最后介绍开发播放器软件的经验并进行了总结。     

软件测试自动化中建立可维护脚本的技术

计算机软件测试应能有效地发现软件中的任何缺陷，同时它也应是高效的，尽可能使占有的时间少且开销小。自动化的软件测试可以大大减少测试开销，同时增加在有限时间内的测试。测试脚本是实现软件测试自动化的重要组成部分。使用不同的脚本技术可以减小脚本的大小、数量及复杂度，每个脚本技术都有其不同的适用场合。文章介绍了几种不同的脚本技术及其特点，并举例说明它们怎样去实现相应的测试用例。     

基于信息检索的软件缺陷定位技术研究进展

缺陷定位是软件工程研究最活跃的领域之一.大部分软件缺陷都会被提交到类似于Bugzilla和Jira的缺陷追踪系统中.由于提交的缺陷报告数量过多,开发人员不能及时地处理,因而迫切需要一个自动化工具来帮助开发人员识别缺陷相关源代码文件.研究人员已经提出了大量的缺陷定位技术.基于信息检索的软件缺陷定位技术（Information Retrieval-based Bug Localization,简称IRBL）利用了缺陷报告的文本特性,并且由于计算成本低、对不同的程序语言更具有普适性,成为缺陷定位领域的研究热点,取得了一系列研究成果.然而,IRBL技术也在数据预处理、相似度计算和工程应用等方面存在诸多挑战.鉴于此,本文对现有的IRBL技术进行梳理总结.主要内容包括：（1）梳理了IRBL中数据预处理的过程和信息检索通用方法;（2）对IRBL技术中利用的数据特征进行了详细的分类和总结;（3）总结了技术评估中使用的性能评估指标;（4）归纳出了IRBL技术的关键问题;（5）最后展望了IRBL技术的未来发展.     

The portability of the BCPL compiler

Methods of achieving program portability are discussed, with particular reference to the mobility of compilers. The method of transferring the BCPL compiler is then described including the specification of OCODE which is the language used as an interface between the machine independent and machine dependent parts of the compiler.     

面向对象的可重用库管理系统

研究软件的可重用技术是提高软件生产率、解决软件危机的良好途径。好的重用技术可以带来高可靠。高性能、高质量和高效率的软件新系统。重用是支持软件工程新范型的基础前提。文章介绍了一种支持基于重用的、开放的、不依赖于具体领域的可重用部件管理系统。     

An assessment of the XR project for compiler development and transportation

A software engineering project, the XR project, is described, and its results assessed. The goal of the XR project is to contribute to the mechanical development and transportation of compilers on widely used Chinese-made computers. The basic tools are the compiler writing language XHY and the intermediate language CJY. All the compilers are written in XHY and produce code in CJY form. In this paper, experiences, statistics and lessons of practising this project are given, together with an overview and a conclusion.     

软件黑匣子技术的研究与应用

软件运行过程中的故障迅速定位以及解决是提升软件质量必须关注的一个重要环节。由于传统方式的局限性,使用该方式来进行故障跟踪定位异常困难,从而影响了产品质量的提升。借鉴飞机黑匣子的设计理念,该文提出了软件黑匣子系统。该系统主要通过记录信息（用SBBR）和存取信息（用SBBM）这两大模块来获取故障状态下的软件运行情况,甚至获取故障时系统的内存和堆栈信息。实验结果表明,该技术能使通信设备的故障处理时间缩短并使故障的排除效率大大提高,设备的稳定性也得到增强。     

Practical testing of a C99 compiler using output comparison

A simple technique is presented for testing a C99 compiler, by comparing its output with the output from pre‐existing tools. The advantage to this approach is that new test cases can be added in bulk from existing sources, reducing the need for in‐depth investigation of correctness issues and for creating new test code by hand. This technique was used in testing the PalmSource Palm OS® Cobalt ARM C/C++ cross‐compiler for Palm‐Powered® personal digital assistants, primarily for standards compliance and the correct execution of generated code. The technique described here found several hundred bugs, mostly in our in‐house code, but also in longstanding high‐quality front‐ and back‐end code from Edison Design Group and Apogee Software. It also found 18 bugs in the GNU C compiler, as well as a bug specific to the Apple version of GCC, a bug specific to the Suse version of GCC, and a dozen bugs in versions of GCC for the ARM processor, several of which were critical. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Turbo PROLOG的面向对象方法

面向对象 (OO)技术是当前计算机界讨论的热点。另一方面 ,知识信息处理正在成为计算机应用的主要领域 ,发展中的基于知识的软件工程也将成为一种关键的软件技术。本文提出一种基于 Turbo PROLOG的 OO程序设计方法学。我们 :(1 )简明地讨论了 OO方法的基本概念和基本要素 ;(2 )给出了在 Turbo PROLOG中实现 OO各要素的规则和方法 ;(3)分析了 OO基本特征在该方法中的体现及存在问题。     

编译技术可扩展式课程设计改革研究

本文探讨了我院编译技术可扩展式课程设计改革中的编译技术与工程的关系、可扩展式课程设计改革指导思想与内容、实施方案和评价体系。     

Evaluating the productivity of a reference-based programming approach: A controlled experiment

ContextDomain engineering aims at facilitating software development in an efficient and economical way. One way to measure that is through productivity indicators, which refer to the ability of creating a quality software product in a limited period and with limited resources. Many approaches have been devised to increase productivity; however, these approaches seem to suffer from a tension between expressiveness on the one hand, and applicability (or the lack of it) in providing guidance for developers.ObjectiveThis paper evaluates the applicability and efficiency of adopting a domain engineering approach, called Application-based DOmain Modeling (ADOM), in the context of the programming task with Java, and thus termed ADOM-Java, for improving productivity in terms of code quality and development time.MethodTo achieve that objective we have qualitatively evaluate the approach using questionnaires and following a text analysis procedure. We also set a controlled experiment in which 50 undergraduate students performed a Java-based programming task using either ADOM-Java or Java alone.ResultsThe qualitative evaluation reveal that the approach is easy to uses and provides valuable guidance. Nevertheless, it requires training. The outcomes of the experiment indicate that the approach is applicable and that the students that used ADOM-Java achieved better code quality, as well as better functionality and within less time than the students who used only Java.ConclusionThe results of the experiments imply that by providing a code base equipped with reuse guidelines for programmers can increase programming productivity in terms of quality and development time. These guidelines may also enforce coding standards and architectural design.     

软件自动升级系统的研制与开发

该文提出了一种应用软件升级的通用方法,并给出了详细实现过程。     

A Software Engineering Project Course for Undergraduate Students

Software engineering(SE) courses are confronted with predicaments how to cultivate students' engineering concept and how to abridge the distance between the academy and industry.The "Computing and Software Engineering,III(CSE III)" helps students mimic a real-world software development and broaden realworld SE view.With the spiral model as the main development model,the CSE III course includes not only the SE theory knowledge,but also quick learning,team cooperation,development management and risk management skills which meet the real-world industry requirements.Our contribution is providing an introductory course for multiple dimensions of knowledge,creating a real-world software development circumstance for students under quantitative control and designing a systematic and practical evaluation mechanism which stimulates the interests of students.CSE III has been executed from 2009 and obtains a valuable teaching and learning effects among our teachers,TAs and students;and we add refinements to the course according to feedbacks of participants.This paper will describe the design and practice of the CSE III course.     

基于缺陷度量追踪测试工作的执行

软件的缺陷度量对于显示测试的进度,确保软件按时发布十分重要.基于缺陷度量的方法收集数据,为项目管理者有效地评估项目测试工作的进展情况和测试人员的工作效率提供了有用的信息,从而有效地追踪测试工作的执行.     

面向大型分布式软件项目的敏捷开发模型研究

面向分布运行的大规模信息化项目,支持基于广域网络的协同开发团队,规避软件过程风险,确立在需求演进状态下实现"业务驱动开发"的软件过程管理模型,是软件工程领域的重要课题。我们采用的方法是:基于一个支持分布式软件开发的支撑平台,并拓展XP的基本属性,改"结对编程"为"分布式编程"和"IRC资源分配",从而完善传统XP存在的先天性不足,保证软件开发元素的完整性和关联紧密性,提高了系统开发效率和软件制品质量。     

Using compiler optimization techniques to detect equivalent mutants

Mutation analysis is a software testing technique that requires the tester to generate test data that will find specific, well-defined errors. Mutation testing executes many slightly differing versions, called mutants, of the same program to evaluate the quality of the data used to test the program. Although these mutants are generated and executed efficiently by automated methods, many of the mutants are functionally equivalent to the original program and are not useful for testing. Recognizing and eliminating equivalent mutants is currently done by hand, a time-consuming and arduous task. This problem is currently a major obstacle to the practical application of mutation testing. This paper presents extensions to previous work in detecting equivalent mutants; specifically, algorithms for determining several classes of equivalent mutants are presented, an implementation of these algorithms is discussed, and results from using this implementation are presented. These algorithms are based on data flow analysis and six compiler optimization techniques. Each of these techniques is described together with how they are used to detect equivalent mutants. The design of the tool and some experimental results using it are also presented.     

方法级别的细粒度软件缺陷定位方法

当软件缺陷报告在跟踪系统中被指派给开发人员进行缺陷修复之后,缺陷修复人员就需要根据提交的缺陷报告来进行软件缺陷定位,并做出相应的代码变更,以修复该软件缺陷.在缺陷修复的整个过程中,软件缺陷定位占用了开发人员大量的时间.提出了一种方法级别的细粒度软件缺陷定位方法MethodLocator,以提高软件修复人员的工作效率.MethodLocator首先对缺陷报告和源代码方法体利用词向量（word2vec）和TF-IDF结合的方法进行向量表示;然后,根据源代码文件中方法体之间的相似度对方法体进行扩充;最后,通过对扩充后的方法体和缺陷报告计算其余弦距离并排序,来定位为修复软件缺陷所需做出变更的方法.在4个开源软件项目ArgoUML、Ant、Maven和Kylin上的实验结果表明,MethodLocator方法优于现有的缺陷定位方法,它能够有效地将软件缺陷定位到源代码的方法级别上.     

面向软件质量的Bug等级评价算法

无论是系统软件还是应用软件都存在一定的缺陷(bug),所以如何利用已有的bug信息指导软件开发和保证软件质量,从而最大程度上降低bug给软件带来的隐患,成为普遍研究的课题.通过对功能需求与开发周期中bug等级分类的研究,进一步分析了bug的访问控制和bug的生命周期.并充分结合已有的bug数据库,采用离散数据的最小二乘拟合法进行数值处理,提出了一种面向软件质量的bug等级评价算法.实际应用表明该算法在软件开发过程中具有一定的理论和实用价值.