螺栓连接对燃机燃烧室结构模态的影响研究

针对螺栓联结带来的预紧力和摩擦系数对装配体模态影响较大而在设备装配中因处理困难常被忽略的问题,利用有限元分析方法、试验结合对比方法进行研究。以某型燃气轮机燃烧室作为研究对象,对重型燃机燃烧室实际模型进行建模,建立带有实体螺栓联结的有限元模型,考虑表面接触刚度、螺栓预紧力和摩擦系数等因素,重点分析预紧力和摩擦系数对结构模态的影响规律;并以该燃气轮机1:4缩比模型加工实体模型,利用锤击法对其进行模态试验,得出其固有频率并与仿真结果对比,验证仿真方法的有效性。     

基于有限元的一种新型螺母的防松机理研究

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立一种新型防松螺母和标准螺母的三维有限元模型,并分别与标准螺栓装配。首先分析在循环横向载荷作用下,锁紧后的标准螺母螺栓预紧力和啮合螺纹间微滑移的变化趋势;随后比较了相同初始预紧力条件下,新型防松螺母和标准螺母承受一定的循环横向载荷时剩余预紧力和啮合螺纹微滑移。结果表明,循环横向载荷下,预紧力的降低和啮合螺纹间的微滑移是螺栓联结松动的主要原因;初始预紧力对剩余预紧力百分比和微滑移有较大影响,在允许条件下应尽量增大预紧力;同时,该防松螺母具有较好的抵抗自松动的能力,这与试验结果吻合较好。最后研究了防松螺母的防松机理以及工作时产生的附加弯矩随预紧力的变化趋势。     

复合材料单螺栓双剪搭接干涉配合疲劳强度评价

该文采用有限元软件ANSYS,建立了复合材料单螺栓双剪搭接干涉配合的三维有限元模型,研究了当连接模型中施加了预紧力时,预紧力对干涉配合的影响.首先分析了无载荷作用下复合材料板在干涉配合孔边切向应力分布特点;之后比较了双剪搭接在10kN 和15kN 两种远程纵向载荷作用下,孔边切向应力的分布情况.结果表明:远程纵向循环载荷作用下,预紧力能有效均匀各板所受载荷,并可消除在无预紧力时中板上的局部应力集中点,而且适当增大预紧力能提高干涉配合连接的效率;此外研究显示双剪搭接连接在不同的载荷下,疲劳危险点也不同;最后研究了复合材料干涉配合连接时,各板的交叉区域孔边切向应力分布,因此得出各板在高低不同的载荷下疲劳危险点的分布.     

螺栓连接对结构模态及传递特性影响研究

针对螺栓刚度及预紧力对装配体模态、传递函数影响较大而在设备装配中因处理困难常被忽略问题,利用有限元计算、试验结合对比方法分析、研究。用ANSYS软件预应力模态分析及谐响应分析对装配体进行仿真计算;对三种刚度螺栓分别施加相同预紧力,对钢制螺栓施加六组不同预紧力进行试验;分析对比计算值与试验值误差。结果表明,忽略接触阻尼的计算值与试验值存在最大误差约15%;同一预紧力时,随螺栓刚度的提高固有频率呈增大趋势,各阶频率的最大变形量随之增大;随预紧力的增大,结构传递函数趋于明朗化。     

预紧力对螺栓联接机匣模态频率的影响研究

为研究预紧力对螺栓联接机匣模态频率的影响,首先,从理论上建立预紧力作用下螺栓联接结构模态方程;其次,以螺栓联接板试件为例,基于有限元分析和试验相结合的方法,验证螺栓联接接触面处理方法的准确性;然后,建立较为精细的机匣有限元模型,进行不同预紧力作用下的机匣模态分析;最后,分析刚性机匣和预紧力作用条件下的实体机匣各阶固有频率相对差异,重点研究预紧力变化对各阶模态频率影响程度。研究表明,随着预紧力增大,机匣各阶固有频率总体上有所增大,并且预紧力对各阶固有频率的影响程度各不相同,结合振型图发现,对于连接面处相对变形较大的振型,其模态频率受预紧力影响较大;而对于连接面处相对变形较小的振型,其模态频率受预紧力影响较小。     

螺栓紧固铝板疲劳裂纹萌生的有限元参数分析

该文以螺栓紧固铝板为研究对象,在已有实验研究的基础上应用有限元方法对疲劳载荷作用下铝板上表面接触区内边缘环向正应力和外边缘切向切应力的应力幅值和平均值的分布进行定性分析。在建模过程中,接触面采用直接约束模型,摩擦力的模拟选用粘接-滑动摩擦模型,在模拟螺母施加紧固力时,采用分步载荷法。根据数值计算结果,得到不同螺栓紧固力、摩擦系数、疲劳载荷与铝板紧固件接触区内边缘、外边缘疲劳裂纹萌生位置的关系,为下一步的实验研究提供必要的参考数据。     

烘烤工况下的ITER中子屏蔽块整体结构分析

中子屏蔽块分布于国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)超导托卡马克真空室双层壳体内部,由多个组件装配而成,用于屏蔽核聚变产生的中子。在烘烤工况下,承受螺栓预紧力作用的中子屏蔽块受200℃烘烤温度的影响,产生热应力。为校核在烘烤温度下中子屏蔽块的应力强度,本文采用ANSYS软件对其整个装配体进行整体结构分析。分析中将螺栓预紧力导致的模型位移作为边界条件,分预紧力载荷、温度载荷、重力载荷等载荷步进行热-结构耦合分析,分析结果按照ASME评定标准可以表明,中子屏蔽块各组件的最大应力强度在许用应力之内,满足结构强度要求。该分析的类型是典型的多接触高度非线性分析,对模型网格化和接触对设置的质量要求较高,处理不当会导致分析计算不收敛,同时该分析能正确地反映各结构件之间的实际连接关系,避免零件单独分析时用刚性连接代替弹性连接的状况。该分析方法为承受预紧力的复杂模型进行接触和耦合分析提供参考。     

偏载状态下轧机轴承接触力学模型研究

该文针对板带轧制过程偏载工况下滚动轴承接触力学模型进行研究。建立了支承辊四列圆柱滚子轴承的Hertz理想接触模型、基于柔度矩阵法的轴承偏载接触力学模型。针对辊间不同载荷进行了模型数值求解,仿真模拟了理想及偏载接触过程。研究表明:偏载运行状态严重影响各列轴承载荷分布,15°~30°位置角的滚动体承载最大,最大接触应力呈“M”形分布;仿真结果与数值模拟结果吻合程度较好,误差不超过15%,且略小于数值求解结果,在实际工程应用范围内;随着轧制载荷的增大,轴承同一列上的总径向力不断增大,偏载程度越来越严重。研究为延长轴承使用寿命、保证轧机安全稳定运行提供理论依据,具有重要工程意义。     

印刷机偏心滚子轴承接触应力与变形仿真分析

目的对偏心轴承接触应力与滚子静、动态变形进行研究,得到接触应力与变形和结构与工况因素的关系。方法在Hertz线接触与弹流润滑理论下,建立滚子接触应力模型及静、动态滚子间接触变形的关系模型,利用有限元软件Ansys仿真计算。建立静、动(润滑与转速)态下滚子变形之间的关系公式,分析印刷机偏心双列圆柱滚子轴承的接触应力与变形及相互关系。结果滚子与内外套圈的接触应力均随径向载荷的增大而增大,滚子与内套圈的接触应力大于滚子与外套圈的接触应力;滚子的总接触变形量与径向载荷呈正比关系,滚子的内外接触应力与滚子的总接触变形量也呈正比关系;滚子的边缘出现应力集中,须用设计凸度的方法降低,从而更好地提高偏心轴承的整体性能。结论根据接触应力与变形的关系,可为偏心轴承的设计与优化提供理论依据。     

防松胶对螺纹连接预紧力影响试验研究

鉴于螺纹在涂胶前后或涂不同种类防松胶、施加相同拧紧力矩时产生的螺栓预紧力差别较大,对空间光学遥感器装配中常用防松胶对螺纹连接预紧力影响进行定量试验研究,结果表明,在螺纹上涂硅橡胶D04(L)与不涂胶相比,相同拧紧力矩时螺栓预紧力减小50%~70%;涂厌氧胶乐泰243、相同拧紧力矩时螺栓预紧力增大46%~98%。某类防松胶使用前需对其对螺纹连接预紧力影响进行定量测试,据测试结果调整螺栓的拧紧力矩达到预期预紧力;在对预紧力精确控制的连接区域,力矩扳手紧固方式不再适用。     

Computational model for determination of dynamic load capacity of large three-row roller slewing bearings

In the presented paper a calculation procedure for determination of dynamic load capacity of large three-row roller slewing bearings is presented. The calculation procedure consists of three main parts: (i) determination of internal contact force distribution in a large three-row roller slewing bearing with consideration of bearing clearances and ring support deformations, (ii) determination of stress field in the contact area between raceway and rollers as a consequence of contact forces and (iii) determination of the bearing’s fatigue life due to contact fatigue of the raceway. The internal contact force distribution is determined numerically by using a symmetry 3D FEM-model of a large three-row roller slewing bearing. Another numerical procedure is used to determine the stress field in the contact area between rollers and raceway. This problem is studied on different roller types: cylindrical roller (without profile correction), fully crowned roller (logarithmic-profile) and partially crowned roller (ZB-profile). Numerically determined contact stresses then serve as a basis for fatigue analyses, where the bearing’s service life of the bearing is determined by using the stress-life approach, considering typical material parameters of the bearing’s raceway.     

环境温度和间隙对复合材料-金属混合结构机械连接钉载分配的影响

通过有限元模拟与试验相结合的方式,研究环境温度和间隙对复合材料-金属混合结构连接钉载分配和强度的影响。分别建立双钉单剪和三钉单剪有限元模型,并在模型中综合考虑了接触、金属塑性和复合材料渐进损伤等因素,研究了不同温度和间隙情况下钉载的分配情况。研究表明,间隙对初始阶段钉载分配影响较大,但不影响塑性屈服阶段的钉载比例和承载能力;温度改变引起的热应力会带来额外的温度载荷,温度载荷对端部钉载影响较大,温度载荷与机械载荷叠加,会加剧端部钉载的分配不均。      

单排球式回转支承动态力学性能研究

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立回转支承的多体动力接触有限元模型,采用显式动力学有限元算法,综合考虑载荷和转速对回转支承的影响,对回转支承的运转过程进行数值模拟,得出了单排球式回转支承在运转过程中滚动体的动态响应、应力分布及滚道的米塞斯应力分布。并将计算结果与赫兹理论计算结果进行比较,验证了动态仿真的合理性,为回转支承的设计提供可靠的理论依据。     

Investigation into the loosening mechanism of bolt in curvic coupling subjected to transverse loading

It has been widely observed that fasteners turn loose when subjected to dynamic loads in the form of shock, vibration or transverse cyclic loading. This reduces the preload force of bolt and leads to joint failure. Such failures can be catastrophic in safety critical applications. In this paper, the self-loosening of bolts in curvic coupling is analyzed based on the self-rotation of nut in the cases of cyclic torque loads on discs after the preload of bolts. The three-dimensional finite element model for curvic coupling and threads is established in commercial finite element software ANSYS to study the details of the self-loosening process of bolt. Such processes are characterized by microslip at the curvic, the bolt head and the thread contact surfaces. It is found that due to the application of the cyclic transverse load, the nut rotation can occur for only localized slip without complete slip at the bolt head contact surface and the thread surface. However, the curvic surface always shows complete slip under all external loads. The microslip on all contact surfaces are identified to be the major mechanisms responsible for the self-loosening of a curvic coupling. The results obtained agree quantitatively with the experimental observations.     

Fatigue Life of Slewing Bearings under Combined Radial,Axial and Tilting Moment Loads

A calculation method of fatigue life for slewing bearings under combined radial,axial and tilting moment loads was proposed.Single row four-point contact ball slewing bearing being used as a case,the statics model of the slewing bearing was established and a set of equilibrium equations were obtained.By solving the equilibrium equations,the rolling element loads were obtained and the equivalent rolling element loads were calculated further.By using the geometrical parameters of the bearing,the rating rollin...     

考虑间隙配合的复合材料钉载分配均匀化方法

针对多钉连接中因复合材料脆性等因素导致结构中的钉载分配不均匀,以及接头在承载较大的钉位置易发生过早破坏的问题,提出了调整钉孔配合间隙改善钉载分配的不均匀性的优化方法。首先,基于弹簧质量模型,以钉孔间隙为设计变量,建立了多钉连接钉载分配的二次规划优化模型。然后,采用内点法对优化模型进行了求解,得到了优化模型的全局最优解。最后,以复合材料5钉双剪接头为例,对钉孔间隙进行了优化,将计算结果与有限元预测结果进行对比。结果表明:模型优化结果与有限元结果吻合较好,优化后最大钉载比例由41.1%降低到了20%。采用该模型可以高效、准确地实现复合材料多钉连接钉载分配比例的均匀化设计。      

An analytical model for the prediction of load distribution in highly torqued multi-bolt composite joints

This paper presents the development of an enhanced analytical approach for modelling the load distribution in multi-bolt composite joints. The model is a closed-form extension of a spring-based method, where bolts and laminates are represented by a series of springs and masses. The enhancement accounts for static friction effects between the laminates, a primary mechanism of load transfer in highly torqued bolted joints. The method is validated against detailed three-dimensional finite element models and where possible, experimental results. The effect of varying bolt-torque and bolt-hole clearance on the load distribution in a three-bolt, single-lap joint is investigated and the method proves to be robust, accurate and highly efficient. Finally, the method is employed in a parameter study, where increasing bolt torque levels can be used for achieving a more even load distribution in multi-bolt joints.     

边界元法分析径向游隙对四列圆锥轴承载荷的影响

 In order to analyze the influence of the radial clearance to the reliability of the four row conical roller bearing, the special calculator program of bearing BEM was compiled based on the method of three dimensional elastic contact boundary element method with frication, in which the plate units were used to simulate the rollers. When equal radial clearance and unequal clearance were applied to the mill four row conical roller bearing, the distribution of radial pressure, radial and axial load were simulated with the program. The influence rules of radial clearance to the pressure and load distribution of four row conical roller bearing were analyzed. According to the result, the load proportion of the mill four row conical roller bearing didnt change when equal radial clearance was adopted. And the number of the standunderload rollers decreased and the load of one roller bearing increased when positive equal radial clearance was adopted. The situation was opposite when negative equal radial clearance was adopted. When unequal radial clearance was adopted, the load proportion of the row with the larger value of radial clearance decreased and the bias factor was decreased．     

Stress distribution and performance of threaded bolts in gasketed flange joints

The performance of the flange joint depends on the relaxation of load in bolts. This in turn affects the gasket stress and control of leakage. A finite element model of flange joint with threaded bolt-nut fastener having zero helix angle is developed and analyzed for stress distribution in the threaded bolt. The stress concentration factor at the thread root region is observed to be non-uniform along the circumference due to the bending behavior of the bolt in the flange joint. The maximum stress is observed in the first engaged thread. The variation in bolt load due to internal fluid, thermal and external loads are also investigated for both single and twin-gaskets (two concentric half-sized single gaskets). The gasket material and gasket configuration are observed to be potential factors causing variation in the distribution of load in the flange joint. In a flange joint subjected to external bending load, the maximum stress concentration in the bolt is observed to be in the first thread, instead of the first engaged thread. Under external bending load, the flange joint loses its structural integrity before the traces of leakage occur in the joint.