城市综合能源系统韧性评估与提升综述

极端扰动事故下,城市综合能源系统易发生大量元件同时故障的严重事故,严重威胁城市综合能源系统供能的安全性和可靠性.韧性是用于描述系统抵御扰动并快速恢复到正常运行状态的能力,因此,准确的韧性评估和有效的韧性提升措施是增强城市综合能源系统抵御供能中断能力的重要手段.在简述了城市综合能源系统韧性的定义和城市综合能源系统韧性的影...     

城市综合体智慧能源的研究与应用

城市能源系统规划不科学、不合理,是城市综合体智慧能源系统建设的最大弊端。建设好城市综合体智慧能源系统是避免重复投资和无效运营以及生态环境破坏的有效方式。文中初步提出城市综合体智慧能源系统的建设建议,在国内尚属空白,其具体的建设实施细节,尚需相关部门和机构做好研究和政策支持。     

考虑感应电动机稳定约束的城市综合能源系统暂态过程优化控制模型

针对由可再生能源或清洁能源供能的城市综合能源系统中的感应电动机,在多能源形式的供能和负荷波动及不确定性条件下的运行稳定性问题,提出了一种考虑综合能源系统中多种类可再生电源及多能源负荷协调的感应电动机临界转矩优化。首先建立含综合能源的电网广义负荷模型;其次基于戴维南等值电路对感应电动机负荷的外部网络进行等效;最后推导感应电动机转矩方程,进而提出城市电网感应电动机暂态过程优化方法。以某城市综合能源网为例,采用BPA软件建立城市综合能源系统等值模型,仿真结果验证了文章所提方法的有效性。     

中国城市能源利用现状和政策分析

以城市能源消费现状为基础,将中国18座城市分为高、中、低能耗三类,分析影响城市能耗水平的因素。分析这些城市的环境污染现状与能源利用的关系。归纳和分析了这些城市发展和利用清洁能源的障碍。提出了建立协调一致国家能源政策,发展以煤气化为核心的多联产能源系统,以及行政措施与经济工具结合开发中国天然气市场等政策建议。     

城市能源系统规划设计及能耗分析工具综述

近年来,随着全球经济快速发展和城镇化加速,城市能耗及排放持续增长,面临严峻的资源短缺和环境污染问题.为满足城市居民多样化的能源需求,以及能源系统安全高效、清洁低碳的转型要求,城市能源系统应运而生,并迅速成为能源领域的研究热点.针对城市能源系统的规划设计及能耗分析,各国研究学者已经开发了一系列相关工具,然而各类工具的开发...     

浙江省城市能源设施发展研究

阐述了如何在城市建立稳定可靠的能源供应系统，即在保障能源供应总量和安全的前提下，要优化能源结构，提高能源效率，保护城市生态环境，形成高效、洁净和可靠的能源供应系统。     

100％可再生能源城市建设模式分析

在传统化石能源日益枯竭及气候变化问题日益凸显的大背景下,建设可再生能源城市是未来城市发展的必然趋势之一,100％可再生能源也将成为越来越多城市的选择.本文在系统研究国际上大量案例的基础上,分析了100％可再生能源城市的特点及规律,归纳出低碳型与零碳型、完全型与专项型等多种100％可再生能源城市建设模式.对于我国城市来说,不是所有城市都适合走100％可再生能源城市之路,但未来必然有越来越多的城市转向100％可再生能源的发展道路.     

计及台风极端天气影响的城市能源规划

气候变化导致极端天气事件频发,给城市能源供应带来了前所未有的挑战.但现有的城市能源规划研究较少考虑极端天气事件对城市能源系统的影响.基于天气历史数据与极端天气条件下系统运行情况生成极端天气情景,提出融合常规情景与极端天气情景的城市能源规划模型架构,并以厦门市的城市电源规划为案例展开研究.结果表明,当考虑以"十年一遇"或...     

冷热电联产系统与微型燃气轮机

以发展冷热电联产系统为能源配置方向和以微型燃气轮机为重要发电方式，是第二代能源系统建设的需要，对平衡城市的能源结构、提高能源使用效率、促进环境保护具有现实而长远的意义。文章论述了冷热电联产系统与微型燃气轮机的特点与发展前景。     

欧盟热泵系统可再生能源量统计计算方法的研究和思考

如何计算热泵系统的可再生能源供热量是我国可再生能源统计中的热点和难点问题。欧盟从2004年开始发布可再生能源统计报告,2013年发布了"各种热泵技术的可再生能源量计算方法指南",指导各成员国开展热泵技术的统计工作。本文研究分析了欧盟热泵系统可再生能源供热量统计方法和要求,包括定义、系统边界设定、计算公式、技术指标及其参数取值等;分析了欧盟热泵系统的发展状况及其对可再生能源的贡献量;按照欧盟的计算方法对我国3个典型城市各种热泵技术的可再生能源供热量进行了测算,对比分析了我国和欧盟计算方法的异同和差距;提出了关于我国热泵系统可再生能源统计工作的思考和建议。     

Prospects for key technologies of new-type urban integrated energy system

In recent years, primary energy consumption in China’s urban areas has increased rapidly, facing the problems of extensive use of energy, high energy consumption and insufficient intensified use of energy resources. Improving multienergy supply, increasing the proportion of clean energy and integrated energy efficiency are the main goals of urban development. The integrated energy system with multi-functional synergy and open trading will become one of the new directions for the development of new urban energy systems. This paper summarizes the main problems faced by the current towns and the characteristics of the new urban energy system, analyzes the development of new urban energy system from three aspects including energy interconnection hub infrastructure construction, energy management platform construction and energy value sharing, and forecasts the future development direction of new urban energy systems.     

中国城市能源安全指标体系研究

中国城市能源安全问题日益突出,但有关描述和分析却十分缺乏。本文首次给出了城市能源安全的一般性定义,并利用国际通用的指标评价方法,建立了适用于中国城市的能源安全指标体系,选择10个典型城市进行了案例研究。结果表明,该指标具有满足要求的准确性和诊断能力,能为评价城市能源安全提供统一的标准,有利于更准确地考察城市面临的能源安全问题,并更好地理解城市能源安全的区域差别。     

Overview of rural building energy efficiency in China

Over the past three decades, people׳s living standard in China has been greatly improved, accompanied by the rapid increasing building energy consumption. Rural building energy consumption has become one of the most important parts of the total energy consumption in China, which deserves to be paid much attention. It is of vital importance to promote building energy efficiency for the New Socialist Countryside and energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper provides an overview of building energy consumption in the countryside, which figures out the situation and challenges in energy-saving work. The government has worked for years on rural building code system aimed at narrowing the energy gap between urban areas, but it is in the beginning phase. This paper has analyzed the only special issues about rural building energy efficiency and the mandatory standards for urban buildings, which can facilitate the development of rural building energy efficiency. Based on the above analysis, some recommendations regarding the improvement of rural building energy efficiency are given.     

城市交通能源可持续发展规划理论体系初探

能源是城市交通发展的生命线,但目前中国尚没有专门针对城市交通能源的规划。基于可持续发展理念,立足中国国情,本文提出了以满足交通能源需求、改善环境质量、优化资源利用为目标的可持续城市交通能源规划新理论体系,并对可持续城市交通能源规划的理论框架进行了设计,对规划内容与步骤进行了设想,为该理论的研究提供了基本的思路。     

Transition strategy of the transportation energy and powertrain in China

The problems of the transportation energy and environment are the major challenges faced globally in the 21st century and are especially serious for China. The future 20 years is the strategic opportunity period of the transition of the transportation energy and powertrain system for China. The greatest characteristics of hydrogen economy lie in its diversity of the primary energy source, the unification of energy carrier and the greening of energy transformation. Development of hydrogen energy transportation powertrain system is suitable for China from the views of the situation of Chinese resources and energy sources, the urban and rural layouts, the superiority of later development and the successful practices of clean cars and electric vehicle development projects. The transition of the transportation energy powertrain system includes three parts: the transition of the energy structure, the transition of the powertrain system and the transition of the fuel infrastructure. The technical pathways of energy powertrain system transition includes expending the use of gaseous fuel to prompt the multiform of the transportation energy and to prepare for the transition of the infrastructure simultaneously, developing and promoting the hybrid technology to solve the current energy and environment problems and to prepare for the transition of powertrain system, and focusing on the research and development and demonstration of fuel cell vehicles and the hydrogen energy technology to prompt the earlier formation of the market of fuel cell vehicles. The goal in the near and medium term of transition is to reduce the fuel consumption by 100 million ton in 2020 by substituting and saving, and the long-term goal is to setup the infrastructure of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle as the main one replacing the petroleum internal combustion engine vehicle. In order to realize the strategic goals of the transition, the four-phases strategic periods and research and development activities are discussed and proposed.     

The requirement and utilization of renewable energy technologies in Chinese rural areas

The tendency of using commercial fossil energy, especially high-quality energy, will increase rapidly along with the rural economic development in China. However, energy consumption for household use in most rural areas still relies on firewood or straw, except the urban suburb. The application and development of renewable energy has been and should play an important role in China. In order to integrate and adapt renewable energy technologies, we need to carefully study the specific economic and social conditions of the rural economic development.     

我国城市绿色低碳发展问题与挑战——以京津冀地区为例

城市化是推动我国经济和社会发展的主要动力,促进城市绿色、低碳发展是破解资源环境约束、加快转变发展方式、改善民生、应对全球气候变化的重要内容.本文以京津冀地区为例,分析了我国城市绿色低碳发展现状、存在问题、面临挑战等,提出城市化发展要优化区域和城市布局,构建系统优化的绿色、低碳能源供应系统,大幅提升能源利用效率,创新区域和城市管理体制机制,推动城市发展向绿色、低碳方向尽快转型.     

基于能值分析的城市矿产生态绩效评价研究

在介绍能值分析方法的概念和国内外应用的基础上,提出了基于能值分析的＂城市矿产＂资源生态绩效评价的方法;设计了评价示范基地建设发展的方法和步骤,以能值流量指标、系统结构指标为基础,计算环境和经济效率指标,从而反映系统的生态绩效水平。根据指标数据差距,可以为管理和实施部门指出＂城市矿产＂示范基地建设的方向。     

城市集中供热运行管理的节能降耗措施分析

目前中国城市供热系统存在成本高、效率低,能耗大等问题,缺乏一套与现实情况相符的节能降耗措施。就城市集中供热运行管理的节能降耗措施进行浅要探讨。     

低碳背景下我国电力系统发展模式及实施路径

针对低碳发展已成为时代的需求和提高生活质量的渴求,提出了我国低碳电力系统发展模式,从优化能源结构、加强电煤运输管理、发展节能输配电技术、加强电力需求侧管理及完善节能减排机制等5方面探讨了我国低碳电力系统发展具体实施路径,并给出了我国低碳电力系统的发展保障措施。